Java EE, developed by Oracle, is an enterprise computing platform that extends Java SE, providing APIs for building multi-tier applications. J2EE includes essential components like servlets and JSP, and it operates on a variety of web servers and application servers, packaged in formats like WAR and EAR files for deployment. The future of Java technology suggests ongoing growth in areas like mobile applications and embedded systems, along with increased optimization through frameworks and best practices.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
J2EE
Java Enterprise Edition
- Sahil Kukreja
(C.S.E – 5th B)

2. WHAT IS J2EE ?
 Java EE is Oracle’s enterprise Java computing
platform.
 Platform provides an API and runtime environment for
developing and running enterprise software.
 Java EE extends the Java Platform, Standard
Edition (Java SE/J2SE), providing an API for object –
relational mapping, distributed and multi-tier architectures.

3. WHAT MAKES A PLATFORM?
 J2EE is neither a hardware(it can run on any hardware
with apt JVM) , nor a software exactly (J2EE-compatible
systems available).
 So what sort of a platform is J2EE ?
 In the world of software, a platform is a combination of
hardware and software necessary to run applications.

4. PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS
 Consistency : Consistency is a basic platform
requirement. Applications depend on platforms to provide a
specific set of well-known services.
 Adoption : Adoption provides established platforms with
enormous momentum and market clout.
 Openness : Some degree of openness is necessary for
software vendors to develop products for a platform.
 Specification : The platform specification defines the
platform, usually in terms of required APIs, policies, and
interfaces.

5. J2EE – BUILDING BLOCKS
 Servlets : A servlet is a small Java program that runs
within a Web server. Servlets receive and respond to
requests from Web clients, usually across HTTP.
 JSP : With JSP you could write HTML in a JSP file, and
the server would automatically create a servlet from the
page. JSP also allows you to write blocks of Java code
inside the JSP.
 Web Frameworks : The shortcomings of plain servlets
and JSP sparked the creation of many Web
frameworks that intended to make Web application
development easier.

6. A timeline with the release dates of some Web frameworks.
Most of them are Java frameworks, but some other ones are included.

7. J2EE HISTORY
The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun
Microsystems.
The year 2000 has seen J2EE compliancy move out of
realm of marketing and into nine shipping products.
 JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the
J2EE 1.4 specification.
 The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR
244 and the final release was made on May 11 2006.
 In short, the server side java industry has gone
through a whirl wind of change.

8. Overview of J2EE architecture

9. JAVA WEB APPLICATION SERVERS
Understanding the differences between a web server, a
servlet container and an application server is important
when learning how a Java Web application is presented to
its end users.
The servlet/application/EJB container terms are a bit
ambiguous, but we will try to come to a workable definition.
Let’s take a look.

10. 1. WEB SERVER
 A Web server handles the HTTP protocol. When the Web
server receives an HTTP request, it responds with an
HTTP response.
The Web server itself does not dynamically generate
responses, it just handles receiving the request and
sending the response.
The most commonly used Web servers
are Apache, Microsoft IIS and nginx.

11. 2. WEB CONTAINER
A Web container (or servlet container) is a program that
provides an environment for the servlets and JSP to run.
The Web container is responsible for managing the
lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet
and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access
rights.
 So a Web container provides a runtime environment for
a subset of the Java EE specification, usually only the JSP
and Servlet parts.
 The most common Web container are Tomcat and Jetty.

12. 3. Application Server
An application server is a server that provides support for
the entire Java EE specification.
In addition it provides the capabilities of a Web Container as
well as of a Web Server.

13. J2EE DEPLOYMENT
How do you present a Web application to the server?
Web applications are packaged in WAR and EAR files.
Web containers (e.g. Tomcat) accept WAR files.
Application servers (e.g. Glassfish) accept WAR files and
EAR files.
A Java EE application is delivered in a Java Archive (JAR)
file, a Web Archive (WAR) file, or an Enterprise Archive
(EAR) file.
A WAR or EAR file is a standard JAR file with a .war or
.ear extension.

14. 1. JAR : JAVA ARCHIVE
A JAR is an archive file format typically used to aggregate
many Java class files and associated metadata and
resources into one file to distribute application software or
libraries on the Java platform.
A manifest file is a specific file contained within a JAR
archive. It is used to define information about the JAR.
Application client modules are packaged as JAR files with
a .jar extension.

15. 2. WAR : Web Application ARchive
A WAR file is a JAR file used to distribute a Web Module.
The top-level directory of a web module is the document root of the
application.
The structure of a WAR file looks like this:

16. 3. EAR : Enterprise Archive
When a large Web application is deployed, all its .jar and .war files are packaged
as JAR file with .ear extension and deployed into an application server.
Deploying EAR files requires an application server such as Glassfish.
Web containers such as Tomcat can not deploy EAR files, only WAR files.
EAR file structure :

17. FUTURE OF JAVA TECHNOLOGY
When Java was developed initially , even its developers
were not sure in which direction the technology will grow.
And actually Java has taken an unexpected turn around as
a development technology.
Some people say there is no need of separate Core Java,
which is now known as J2SE. J2SE comprise of core Java
components and libraries like core language library,
utilities, SWT, Swing, Networking, Security etc.
Let us examine possible directions where there are
chances Java will grow as development technology.

18. NEW TRENDS
People are always in search of implementing J2EE, a
way that it can be used optimally.
Several new frameworks, practices and design patterns
are developed to make proper utilization of advantages of
J2EE.
Some of them are discussed here :
 Design Patterns : For enterprise applications , it is very
important that they are well designed prior to start of their
development phase because they are large in scale.
Some of the design patterns are MVC (Model-View-
Controller), DAO (Data Access Objects) and many more.

19. Frameworks :
Some organizations have developed their own
frameworks over the top of J2EE.
Also such frameworks implement best J2EE practices to
achieve high performance and other advantages of J2EE.
Some popular J2EE frameworks are Struts, Spring etc.
J2EE Best Practices :
Ways to utilize J2EE framework that it can perform at its
best with its all advantages like scalability, remote access
etc.
Such practices are used by many developers and proven
to be useful to achieve such goals in J2EE applications.
and are also known as J2EE best practices.

20. New Technologies
The Java community which is controlled by Sun keeps
including new features and technologies to J2EE such as
JFS (Java Faces Service), Java.net, Java gaming, Java AI
etc.
Go Mobile
Mobile phone applications are very wide scope area where
Java is being used for its portability and independence.
Most of mobile phones operate over Java
implementations.
Embedded
Java is gaining more popularity to develop embedded
applications. The reason after such popularity is its
platform independence.
The principle of reusability is gaining more popularity
among embedded applications community and so Java.

21. SUMMARY
Afterexamining scope, usage and potential of different
areas of Java technology we can summarize that it has still
long way to go.
Java has got a lot of potential to develop and grow in
many areas.
For existing areas like desktop applications and
enterprise applications there are chances for Java to gain
better role.
 Also it has got to grow in new areas of embedded
applications in future.

22. SOURCES
 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/J2EE
 http://www.j2eebrain.com/java-J2ee-j2ee-history.html
http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/wbihelp/v6rxmx/ind
ex.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.wics_developer.doc%2Fdoc
%2Faccess_dev_j2ee%2Faccess_dev_j2ee15.htm
 http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/j2ee/future-of-java-
technology.html

23. THANKYOU
!