Introduction to wrap technology, a very low cost communication technology for connecting household appliances at zero cost

(valerio.aisa@gmail.com)
valerio aisa
Introduction to Wr@p Technology

2010
Articolo

The process of great transformation of the global energy system
according to the concept of “smart grid” involves the direct
collaboration of household appliances, in particular white goods,
which, to this purpose, are becoming "smart" and are able to
exchange information with digital power meters through suitable
communication infrastructures. But, unfortunately, there still are
objective problems relating to connectivity that hinder the rapid
spread of these products. Wr@p technology, which Indesit is
going to liberalize with the help of Renesas (Japan), has the aim
to completely solve these problems.

How Wr@pTM Technology can speed up
the diffusion of smart appliances

Abstract. The process of great transformation of the global energy system according to
the concept of “smart grid” involves the direct collaboration of household appliances, in
particular white goods, which, to this purpose, are becoming "smart" and are able to
exchange information with digital power meters through suitable communication
infrastructures. But, unfortunately, there still are objective problems relating to connectivity
that hinder the rapid spread of these products. Wr@p technology, which Indesit is going to
liberalize with the help of Renesas (Japan), has the aim to completely solve these
problems.

Introduction
The growing demand for energy and the Inside the concept of smart grid there is
absolute need to reduce climate impacts therefore the need to collect and process
in the world is producing a strong information in real time, generated by
convergence of scientific, industrial and appropriate measuring devices and
political interests towards the use of sensors distributed on the network in
information and communication techno- order to achieve a coordinated control of
logies (ICT) to support the process of different parts.
structural transformation of each phase of There is also the need to encourage a
the energy cycle: from generation to more active role of the end users in the
transmission, from distribution to sale, to industrial sector and especially in the
accumulation and, above all, to the smart residential one, with the aim of stimulating
consumption of energy. - through appropriate levers of economic
This virtuous link between ICT and the convenience - a more careful and colla-
world of energy is commonly identified borative participation in the management
with the term Smart Grid, or even of energy consumption to reduce peak
Internet of Energy, just to highlight a through the leveling of absorption profiles.
paradigm shift, a structural and techno- In both cases it is thus essential the
logical revolution that leads to a network creation of adequate communication
that carries energy, information and infrastructures [1,7] associated with the
control and is composed of devices and distribution network.
highly distributed and cooperating
systems.

[Indesit Company Spa – Fabriano (AN) - Italy] Page 2

PREVIOUS INDESIT’S EXPERIENCE IN THE HOME
AUTOMATION FIELD
Home automation is being addressed by FATMA of Ericsson's Group. It was the
Indesit for the first time about 25 years first device in the world able to enter into
ago when President Vittorio Merloni a relationship with the household and to
conceived ArisionTM, the "digital butler" inform the user via telephone using voice
able to speak and to control the house, messages.
born in 1985 with the collaboration of the The experience of Arision was a strong
former Merloni Elettrodomestici (Indesit stimulus for the future commitment of the
since 2005) and ISI Italia, a small Italian Company in introducing digital technology
company based in Rome. It was a in control systems of household
specific device for managing security appliances, with the aim of giving to the
issues and for controlling electric products a greater versatility and
appliances, which was later marketed by "intelligence".

Fig. 1: Ariston Digital, the first system of connected appliances
(year 1999)


Fig. 2: Leon@rdo, the first “internet appliance” dedicated to the kitchen (year 1999)

This commitment began to show the first The interaction with Enel, Echelon1 and
results in the second half of the '80s, with the MIT of Boston allowed the Company,
the first digital products for cooking and under the strong commitment of
refrigeration, but found its full realization Francesco Caio (CEO, at that time) and
in the '90s, when Vittorio Merloni President Vittorio Merloni, to devise and
decided to launch the ambitious project - implement Ariston Digital (1999), the
at that time really very innovative for the first system of household appliances
white goods industry - to acquire within (Figure 1), in the world, able to
the Company, traditionally based on an communicate among themselves and
electromechanical culture, all the skills with the outside world through Leon@rdo
necessary to develop, fully autonomously, (Figure 2), the first "Internet appliance"
digital control systems for its products. dedicated to the kitchen.
From this project was born Margherita Through this experience, characterized
Dialogic (1995), the first digital washing by the great success of
machine capable to communicate with Margherita2000.com (Paris, 1 December
the surrounding environment, and then 1999: Figure 3), the first appliance
the beginning (1997) of Indesit's capable to communicate with a mobile
relationship with Enel, the big Italian
phone and to interact with the web, and of
utility, aimed at optimizing the energy “Margherita Pay-per-Use" (2002, Figure
consumption of the house through the 4), the first washing machine where the
dialogue among the white goods and the
digital electricity meter (at that time in
1
development). Echelon (Palo Alto, CA), leader in the field of data
communication, was partner of Enel in the project for
developing its new electricity meter.

user doesn't buy the product but just its
service, the Company gained
international credit and visibility.

Thanks to this, Indesit was able to start
playing an active role in CECED [4] - the
European organization of manufacturers
of home appliances - with the opportunity
to effectively contribute, along with
Electrolux, Bosch-Siemens, Whirlpool,
Miele and other white goods
manufacturers, to the development of
common communication rules to ensure
interoperability among products of
different brands [5,6].

Fig. 4: Margherita pay-per-use
(year 2002).

It was a long standardization process
which is arriving to its first important
finalization through the recent
Energy@Home project [7] - spurred by
Enel and developed in collaboration with
Telecom Italia and Electrolux - which
began officially in October 2009 and will
terminate by 2010.
The goal of this project is to define,
develop and make available all the
hardware and software components
(Figure 5) required to minimize the cost of
Fig. 3: Margherita2000.com, the first electricity and reduce CO2 emissions
web based appliance interacting with through an appropriate dialogue among
cellular phones (year 1999). the household appliances and the digital
energy meter, and to open the home to
the world of value added services based
on Internet.


Fig. 5: General architecture of Energy@home system

The dialogue between the electric utility purpose is to complement the preexisting
and the household appliances is based profiles Smart Energy (SE) [8,9] and
on a new device of Enel called Smart Home Automation (HA) [10] of ZigBee
Info, which has access via powerline protocol. It incorporates and extends the
(PLC communication) to all the data features of earlier SE and HA profiles in
generated by the electricity meter and order to give to each white good the full
can benefit from a broadband internet potential that comes from his new role as
connection made available by Telecom "intelligent" element of a home
Italia through its new Home Gateway. automation system, and it is technically
The local network HAN (Home Area configured as an extension of the same
Network) is based on radio frequency and "ZigBee Home Automation profile"
employs low power ZigBee technology (addition of appropriate new clusters to
[3]. The ZigBee based communication HA profile), expressing the results of
node, which is located within each many years of experience on connectivity
element of the system (Smart Info, Home issues of European manufacturers of
Gateway, appliances, smart plugs, smart household appliances.
sockets...), has a new "application Indesit, pushed by its top management
profile", currently being developed by the led by CEO Marco Milani and President
four partners the project. This new profile Andrea Merloni, has recently officially
incorporates the results of many years of joined the ZigBee Alliance [3] and it is
work, aimed at ensuring interoperability producing a strong effort, supported by
among products of different brands, strategic alliances [11], with the aim of
which has been done by CECED during reducing the time-to-market of its
the first half of this decade and recently "intelligent" products.
standardized by CENELEC [5,6], and its


DYNAMIC DEMAND CONTROL
The recent experimentation of an old synergistic and synchronized action of
concept proposed in 1979 by prof. Fred. digital appliances capable to continuously
C. Schweppe of MIT (Boston, USA) is monitor the value of the mains frequency
showing how it is possible to contribute to [21].
the stability of the electric grid through the

Fig. 6 - Dynamic Demand Control (DDC)

This is the concept of "Dynamic Demand In this way the joint and synchronous
Control" (DDC, Figure 6) [22], i.e. the action of thousands of appliances
possibility that a set of domestic produces, through the sum of the small
appliances distributed over a large contributions of electric power from each
geographical area (may be an entire one, corrective actions which allow to
country like UK or Italy) and synchronized ensure a substantially stable balance
through the same frequency, can act in a between the power generated by the
synchronous manner to transfer or power plants and the one absorbed by
absorb power when the mains frequency, the downstream users, minimizing or
respectively, tends to fall below a certain even eliminating the costly interventions
threshold lower than 50 Hz or to rise upstream (switching on of generators for
above a certain threshold greater than 50 meeting the increased demand for power,
Hz (Figure 7). or putting them in standby mode when


there is an excess of production) which harmful emissions to the environment.
cause strong inefficiency and increase

Fig. 7 – DDC basic concept

Appliances which are best suited to refrigerators properly set for managing
perform this function are refrigerators and the DDC function [23, 24], and the first
water heaters, i.e. those products that results are confirming the absolute
have a thermal accumulation (hot or cold) validity of this approach, that is entirely
which allows them to manage the DDC complementary and synergistic with
function, preserving the quality of respect to the concept of energy
performances in any working condition. management at home, being the project
Energy@home its effective expression.
In this regard, Indesit has been
conducting an interesting experiment for
several months in UK (Figure 8), with


Fig. 8 – DDC trials in the world

WHITE GOODS AND CONNECTIVITY
PROBLEMS
The great pioneering effort made by normal in the field of communication
Indesit in the mid 90s, very appreciated technology), the needed updates of the
also internationally [12,13], could not be product would be a great burden for the
finalized to the market for the following user because they require the
three main reasons: intervention of a specialized technician at
home.
 the total lack at that time of
communication rules shared by the A second obstacle concerns the
various manufacturers of white goods, manufacturer that, to introduce the
 the almost total absence in the homes communication node within the products,
of broadband (Internet penetration in is forced to make mechanical (hardware),
the home relates to recent years and electrical (extra wires) and electronic
is still in progress) changes which tend to de-standardize the
 and, last but not least, the excessive appliance and to increase its cost. This
cost of the connectivity. fact causes the creation of specific
product lines which, though perfectly in
While the first two problems are going to line with commercial high-end offers, are
be completely solved, the third remains a unlikely they impact on mass production
barrier to the spread of connectivity for and that significantly contribute to the
mass products, although there will be day spread of smart appliances, as would be
after day technical solutions with more desirable to adequately support the
affordable costs (such as ZigBee-based parallel development of smart grids.
communication nodes, for instance),
nevertheless the introduction of a A third obstacle - which concerns the
communication node inside an appliance home-system and refers to the
still causes "side effects" not negligible. management of electricity consumptions
according to the criteria of smart grid - is
A first obstacle comes just from the that the time required by the new
presence of a communication node within generations of smart appliances for
a product - whose introduction, to be replacing all the products currently
economically sustainable for the present in the homes is about ten or more
manufacturer, should be done on years, so it is too long for properly
production line - because such node ties supporting the parallel development of
the appliance to the adopted technology electricity networks.
and, in case of its evolution (that is


Fig. 9 – Communication system based on Wr@pTM Technology

These problems have suggested, since Indesit Company Spa, Wr@p technology
from the early 2000s, the exploration of will be shortly added as hardware
other paths in addition to the classical peripheral to the new family of
solution represented by the microcontrollers of Renesas dedicated to
"communication node" put inside the the new generation of household
household appliance, and Indesit has appliances commonly known as “smart
developed and successfully tested a appliances”. Therefore, in such a way, the
technical solution that is very cheap2 low cost communication technology of
but absolutely adequate for managing Indesit will be soon liberalized and made
the energy issues coming from the available to all manufacturers of electrical
smart grid's opportunities [14]. household appliances that want to use it
[20].
This solution (Figure 9) is called “Power
Modulation” (PM) or Wr@pTM (WRAP
stands for Web Ready Appliances
Protocol) and, thanks to the strong
support of the University of Parma, it was
recently implemented on silicon
[15,16,17,18,19] by Renesas, the
Japanese firm founded by the consortium
of Hitachi, Mitsubishi and NEC, and, after
the free license agreement signed last
March by President Andrea Merloni of

2
Wr@p technology uses the same electronic resources
already present in the appliance.

THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF “SMART PLUGS” AND
“SMART SOCKETS”
The obstacle to the diffusion of smart than ten years) required for replacing all
appliances - able to manage electricity the traditional products currently present
consumptions according to the criteria of in the homes, could be overcome by
smart grid -, due to the long time (more using "smart plugs" (Figure 10).

Fig. 10 – Smart plugs for energy monitoring and control

A lot of “smart plugs” and “smart sockets” The most advanced smart plugs are
are invading the world, mainly coming capable to communicate with a local
from China. Their main purpose is to network (based for instance on ZigBee,
show to the user, through a simple LCD WiFi or other RF communication
display, the energy consumption - and the technology) and can control electric loads
related costs - of the electric loads by using relays (on/off control). The
(household appliances and other), in connection to a local network is really a
order to create a positive culture about very important point, absolutely
the proper use of the energy and to necessary for contributing to manage the
increase his/her awareness on how energy consumption at home according
reduce consumptions and costs [2]. to smart grids’ philosophy, but the on/off
control can be used only to manage
simple electric loads (Figure 11).

Fig. 11 – ON/OFF control of household appliances is not allowed

An on/off control isn’t accepted by users appliance can send information on its
and manufacturers of white goods, operating status simply modulating the
because it can cause malfunction or power absorption of one of its internal
failure of the appliance. electric loads. To do this, however, smart
plug should be able to decode the
An on/off control could theoretically be
information sent by the appliance.
accepted if the smart plug was capable to
know the operating status of the Transforming a standard “smart plug” to a
appliance in order to switch off it only Wr@p enabled one is quite easy: it is
when possible, but, to do this, the only necessary to add the specific logic
collaboration of the appliance itself is for decoding the data sent by the
mandatory. appliance through a proper analysis of
the measures done by the power meter
By using Wr@p technology it is possible
located inside the plug (Figure 12).
to overcome this problem, because the

Fig. 12 – Concept of Wr@p enabled smart plug


INTRODUCTION TO WR@P TECHNOLOGY

Wr@p Technology, also commonly In order to connect a "Wr@p enabled"
called “power modulation” (PM), has the household appliance to a local network, a
aim to add point-to-point3 commu- special adapter (commonly called “smart
nication capability to a household adapter”) placed between the appliance
appliance without affecting its industrial power cable and an electric socket is
cost, because uses the same electronic needed.
resources already present in it. The “smart adapter” is simply a “smart
To do this, the appliance should have plug” having a power meter, a proper
a control system based on a logic for decoding the data sent by the
microcontroller and at least one appliance, and means for its con-
electric load controlled through a triac. nection to a local network (any LAN
technology can be used). It can be
The basic concept of PM is transmitting integrated inside a socket, so
data by modulating the power absorbed generating a “smart socket”.
by one of its electric loads. In this way, it
is possible to transmit 50 or 60 bit per Thanks to Renesas4 (Japan) and
second, depending on the mains University of Parma (Team of Prof.
frequency, i.e. 6 or 7 bytes of coded data Paolo Ciampolini: [15-19] ), Wr@p
per second [15,16]. technology was embedded inside a
microcontroller peripheral (Figure 14) in
At first sight, this kind of transmission order to guarantee repeatability of the
with a so limited baud rate seems to data transmission from the household
be too much poor, but actually covers appliance.
perfectly what is necessary for
satisfying all the grid’s needs. Thanks to this repeatability, Indesit is
able to offer the license of Wr@p
In fact, for transmitting the appliance technology (Figure 16) to any
status, or some other information like a interested manufacturer of “smart
time interval, a temperature, statistical plugs” and “smart sockets”, in order
data, diagnostic data, fault codes, and so to create a new generation of devices
on, only few bytes are necessary. which can interact with the grid and, in
Furthermore, PM communication is bi- the same time, are able to directly
directional: the appliance can receive 25 communicate with the household
or 30 bytes per second, depending on the appliances that receive AC power
mains frequency (Figure 13). It means the supply through them.
appliance can receive commands and Wr@p technology is covered by
information, through a local network, from international patents - most of them
an energy manager placed in the home; it already granted -, which are owned by
can also send, day by day, statistical and Indesit Company Spa – Fabriano (AN)
diagnostic data to a remote service centre Italy (www.indesitcompany.com).
which offers to the customer, for instance,
high level services of remote assistance Wr@pTM is a registered mark which is
and preventive maintenance. owned by Indesit Company Spa.
Wr@p (WRAP) stands for Web Ready
3 Appliances Protocol.
Wr@p Technology is a point-to-point communication
that allows a household appliance to directly
4
communicate with the “smart plug” or “smart socket” Renesas is a Japanese firm established by the
that provides its power supply from the mains. consortium of Hitachi, Mitsubishi and NEC.

Fig. 13 – The new Renesas RX210 microcontroller family (32 bit), which embeds PMI
peripheral, is very suitable for designing white goods capable to interact with smart
grids without adding any cost to the appliance.

Wr@p Technology main features
The main features of Wr@p technology are the following:
1. No cost for the manufacturer of household appliances, because the
communication is managed by the same control system of the appliance, in
particular by a Renesas microcontroller (new 32-bit family RX210) with a PMI
peripheral on board (Figure 14). Furthermore, after the signature of a free license
agreement between Indesit and Renesas (March 29-th, 2010), no royalty is due to
Indesit for using Wr@p enabled microcontrollers supplied by Renesas.
2. No need to tie the appliance to a specific network protocol, because the
connection to a local network is managed by the “smart adapter”. In other words,
the communication node (necessary) is moved from the appliance to the smart
adapter, and all the networking issues are managed by such adapter. Therefore,
Wr@p technology is virtually compatible with any network protocol.
3. Fully suitable for interacting with a smart grid, because Wr@p technology is
able to manage all the necessary information.
4. Capability to easily perform the energy function called “Dynamic Demand
Control”, because the same PMI peripheral of Renesas RX210 microcontrollers
provides a precise measurement of the mains frequency (Figure 15).
5. Very easy to implement: just use a Renesas microcontroller with PMI peripheral
on board (RX210, the new 32-bit family dedicated to “energy-aware” household
appliances).
6. Capability to speed up the spread of smart appliances. The availability of a new
generation of "smart plugs", which thanks to Wr@p technology are capable to
communicate with their electric appliances, allows speeding up the diffusion of
smart appliances interacting with the grid.
7. No conflict with a possible “communication node”5 within a Wr@p enabled
white good, because the control system of the appliance can easily manage the
two different communication channels.
8. Suitable for creating a new generation of “smart plugs & smart sockets”,
connectable to any local network and able to directly talk with the related household
appliance. Furthermore, Wr@p technology can be easily implemented inside a
traditional “smart plug”6 just by adding the proper logic (software) to decode the
data sent from the household appliance through the PMI peripheral of Renesas
RX210 microcontrollers.
9. The appliance can be remotely assisted without adding any cost to the
product. It is possible because the new generation of household appliances based
on Renesas 32 bit microcontrollers (RX210 family) can execute complex routines

5
A white goods manufacturer can use Wr@p technology as the basic communication system for the entire production
of digital household appliances, because it doesn’t cost. When it is necessary a higher rate communication (in case of
top class products, for instance), a standard communication node can be added without any problem.
6
To add the "Wr@p technology" to a traditional "smart plug" will need the following two operations: add proper logic
to decode the data sent from the appliance and insert the hardware to send data to the appliance. Adding only the
decoding logic could be enough for performing the "Demand Side Management" function.

for auto-diagnosis and will be potentially able to capture early symptoms of possible
faults – with the help of proper sensors - for enabling preventive maintenance
services.
10. Possibility to improve and accelerate the in-line test of the appliance, without
the need to use expensive and complex tools (Figure 16). In fact, thanks to the
“power metering” function of the “smart adapter”, it is possible to send to the
appliance, for instance, commands for activating and deactivating each electric load
of the appliance sequentially, measuring in the same time its electrical quantities,
like the absorbed current and the cosphi (displacement between the mains voltage
and the mains current related to the load).

Fig. 14 – Renesas PMI (Power Modulation Interface) peripheral of the RX210
microcontroller family


Fig. 15 – PMI peripheral of Renesas RX210 microcontroller family (32 bit) can also
manage DDC (Dynamic Demand Control) function

Fig. 16 – Simplified lay-out of an in-line testing system (very effective, for instance,
in the case of refrigerators, but absolutely suitable for any kind of electric
appliance)


Indesit Business Model
Wr@p technology is owned by Indesit Company Spa, which has developed this very
simple and cheap communication technology for overcoming the obstacles encountered
during its first attempt to produce “smart appliances” for the connected home (see pages
3-9).
Wr@p technology is very useful for creating white goods able to communicate with a local
network for properly managing energy consumption - for instance - according to the “smart
grid” approach, and also for opening the field of "white goods" to new web based services
(remote assistance, preventive maintenance and so on).
Because Wr@p technology uses the same electronic resources already present in a digital
appliance, it doesn’t affect its industrial cost and can be easily implemented.
Therefore this technology could be very useful for speeding up the diffusion of "smart
appliances" (see pag. 8, “third obstacle”), but, if adopted only by Indesit, it could remain
just a proprietary “little garden” without any future.

Fig. 17 – ON/OFF control of household appliances is not allowed

For this reason, Indesit has decided to liberalize7 Wr@p technology by putting it on silicon8
(for guaranteeing repeatability), and by creating a specific peripheral for microcontrollers.

7
No royalties to pay to Indesit Company, owner of Wr@p Technology.

This peripheral – which is called PMI (Power Modulation Interface) - has been
implemented by Renesas (Japan) in 2008 and, after signing a "free license agreement"
with Indesit (March 2010), this company is planning to use it for a new generation of
microcontrollers particularly suitable for developing “energy-aware" appliances.
The business model of Indesit concerning Wr@p technology is very simple and is based
on the following two steps (Figure 17):
1. Liberalizing the technology at appliance level (no royalties to pay by the
manufacturers of household appliances that want to use “Wr@p enabled”
microcontrollers).
2. Licensing of Wr@p technology at “smart adapter” level (this license is offered to any
producers of smart plugs and/or smart sockets that want to use this technology).

8
Wr@p technology used at "appliance level" could be implemented also via software. Indesit decided to not permit to
any third parties to implement such technology via software; therefore the free license to Renesas absolutely doesn’t
include this possibility.

CONCLUSION
Wr@p technology, a simple and very assistance, preventive maintenance and
cheap communication technology so on). Therefore Wr@p technology could
developed by Indesit during the 2000s for be very useful for speeding-up the
overcoming the obstacles encountered diffusion of "smart appliances" according
previously (second half of the nineties) in to the needs of smart grid revolution.
attempting to produce “smart appliances” For this reason, Indesit has decided to
for the connected home, seems to be the liberalize Wr@p technology through a
right solution for creating white goods new family of microcontrollers, produced
able to communicate with a local network by Renesas (Japan), which adopt this
for properly managing energy technology and are particularly suitable
consumption and also for gaining for developing future “energy-aware"
important commercial advantages from appliances.
new web based services (remote


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Slides 17-20, Home & Building Days
- Milano, 18 giugno 2010,
http://www.expohb.eu/domotica/pdf2
010/Aisa_Indesit.pdf
[23] A. Suardi, S. Frattesi: “Dynamic
Ancillary Service Provided By Loads
With Inherent Energy Storage”,
http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/foru
m_papers09/howe.pdf
[24] Stefano Frattesi: “World's biggest
trial of smart fridges unveiled”:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k
AjEuZcSBGM


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