The document introduces scientific models representing the states of matter—solid, liquid, and gas—highlighting their importance in visualizing complex or unseen phenomena. It explains different types of models used by scientists, including physical, conceptual, and mathematical models, and discusses their utility in analyzing data and making predictions. The document also addresses the limitations of models and the importance of accuracy in scientific predictions.

1. Introduction
to
Scientific models

2. SOLID LIQUID GAS
1. What do we call these representations of the molecules of solid, liquid and
gas?
2. What is the importance of using scientific representations like this in
learning science?

3. • How can we visualize things that
cannot be seen by the eye?
• How can we visualize things that is
too big, and complex be examined in
actuality?

4. UNLOCKING CONTENT VOCABULARY
WORD MEANING
Model a usually miniature representation of something
Particle a relatively small or the smallest discrete portion or amount of something
Matter the substance of which a physical object is composed, material substance that
occupies space, has mass, composed of atoms
Diagram a graphic design that explains rather that represents, a line drawing made for
mathematical or scientific purposes
Property a quality or trait belonging and especially peculiar to an individual or thing
Solid Of uniformly close and coherent texture, retains a definite shape and size
Liquid A fluid (such as water) that has no independent shape but has a definite volume and
does not expand indefinitely and that is only slightly compressible
Gas A fluid (such as air) that has neither independent shape or volume but tends to expand
indefinitely

5. UNLOCKING CONTENT VOCABULARY
WORD MEANING
Melting The process in which solid substances are converted into liquids by adding
heat.
Freezing Is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature
is lowered below its freezing point.
Evaporation Is when a liquid turns into a gas
Condensation Is when a gas turns into a liquid
Sublimation Conversion of a substance from solid to the gaseous state without its
becoming liquid
Deposition Is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea or ice
Energy The capacity to do work
Temperature The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object

6. Think-pair-share
• What do you think a scientific model is?
• Can you give an example of a scientific model
you have encountered before?
• Why do you think scientists use models to
understand phenomena?

7. SCIENTIFIC MODELS
Scientists use models because reality, especially
systems like Earth's climate, is complex and difficult
to study directly.
Many factors influence complex concepts, for
example climate, so it's impossible to consider all of
them simultaneously, that is why models are
necessary.

8. Models are useful tools that help scientists understand complex
systems by allowing them to analyze and make predictions.
There are different types of models: physical models, conceptual
models, and mathematical models.

9. MISSION
Physical models are smaller
and simpler representations
of a thing being studied. A
globe or a map is a physical
model of a portion or all of
Earth.
Conceptual models tie
together many ideas to
explain a phenomenon
or event.
Mathematical models are sets
of equations that consider
many factors to represent a
phenomenon. Mathematical
models are usually done on
computers.
Simulation models use a
digital prototype of a
physical model to
predict its performance
in the real world.

10. Many models are created on computers because
they can handle enormous amounts of data..
Models can be used to test ideas by simulating
specific parts of a system, making it easier for
scientists to understand how certain factors affect
each other.
Models can also be used to make predictions about
the future, with the best ones considering multiple
factors.

11. To assess the accuracy of a model, scientists often use past
data to see if the model can accurately predict the present.
Despite their usefulness, models have limitations because they
are simpler than real systems and may not predict real-world
behavior with absolute accuracy. However, careful
construction and sufficient computing power can improve a
model's accuracy.

12. 1. Analyze the given model of the atom. Just by looking at it, in your own words,
describe what an atom is.
2. How did the model help you understand how people see atom back in the days of
Democritus? Is it helpful and easy to understand?

13. Take Home Activity

17. Thank you very
much!