Chapter 2 of the document provides an overview of computer technology fundamentals, including the definitions of data, information, hardware, and software, as well as understanding the functions of the internet and its history. It explains key concepts such as the information processing cycle, internet infrastructure, and the distinctions between various types of software applications. Additionally, it highlights the evolution of the internet, its global impact, and the implications of e-commerce and online services.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 2: Connecting and
Communicating Online
RECALLING
PREVIOUS CLASS
2
3
What is the definition of Computer?
Computer is an Electronic device designed to:
Accepts Data
(Characters,
pictures sounds,
etc.)
INPUT

2. Processes
Data into
Information
Display the
results of
these Process
OUTPUT
Store the results
(Information)
for future use.
Data
Data is raw,
unorganized facts
that need to be
processed. Data can
be useless until it is
organized
Information
When data is
processed,
organized, and
structured to make it

3. useful, it is called
Information
Are Data and Information synonyms?
NO
What is the Information Processing Cycle?
Input
Process
OutputStorage
Communi
cation
What are hardware and software?
6
Hardware: Electronic and
mechanical equipment
Software: Instructions
that tell hardware how to
perform tasks

4. is any
hardware
component
that allows you
to enter data,
programs,
commands,
and user
responses into
a computer
What is an input device?
What is an output device?
Output device is any
hardware that
makes the
information
available for use
What is the System Unit?

5. What is a Computer Network?
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected
together,
often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission
media
– Local area network
– Wide area network
10
In your opinion, what is the main reason
that people purchase computers and
mobile devices?
The INTERNET Access
Why
?
Because:
Through the Internet, people has access from all around
the world.

6. 1. Instantaneously, you can find local and national news,
weather reports, sports scores, stock prices, your medical
records, your credit report, educational materials.
2. At your fingertips, you can send messages to others, meet
new friends, shop, take a course, play a game, listen
music and watch a movie.
3. The magnificence of the internet is you can access it from
a computer anywhere: at work, at home, at school, at the
beach, in a restaurant and even on an airplane.
Some of uses of the INTERNET are:
1. Access a news, and research material.
2. Communicate with others around the world.
3. Bank and invest.
4. Shop for goods and services.
5. Download and listen music or download and watch videos,
movies, etc.
6. Take courses or access other educational material
7. Access sources of entertainment such as online games,
magazines, vacation planning guides.
8. Access others computers and files.
9. Share and edit documents with others in real time.
10.Provide information, photographs, audio clips, or videos
clips.
• The Internet is a
worldwide

7. collection of
networks that
links millions of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educational
institutions, and
individuals
What INTERNET Is?
Objectives
Discuss the evolution of the Internet
Identify various broadband Internet connections
Describe the types of Internet access providers and Web Pages
Describe the purpose of an IP address and its relationship to a
domain
name
Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat
rooms, VoIP,
newsgroups and message boards, and FTP work
Describe how to use a search engine to search for information
on the Web
15

8. Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969
and had two main goals:
16
Function even if part of the
network were disabled or
destroyed by a disaster
Allow scientists at different
physical locations to share
information and work
together
Evolution of the Internet
1969 ARPANET
(Advanced
research Projects
Agency) becomes
functional
1984 ARPANET
has more than
1,000 individual
computers

9. linked as hosts
1986 NSF
(National
Science
Foundation)
connects NSFnet
to ARPANET and
becomes known
as the Internet
1996
Internet2
is
founded
Today More than
550 million hosts
connect to the
Internet
17
World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C)
• Oversees research, sets
standards and guidelines

10. Internet2 (I2)
• Develops and tests
advanced Internet
technologies
Who controls the Internet?
network.
Government
Cable
companies
Satellite
companies
Telephone
companies
Who provides the Internet’s structure today?
Networks from
corporations,

11. commercial
firms, and other
companies
Connecting to the Internet
Wired
• Cable Internet service
• DSL (digital subscriber
line)
• Fiber to the Premises
(FTTP)
Wireless
• Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
• Mobile broadband
• Fixed wireless
• Satellite Internet
Service
20
Connecting to the Internet

12. • A hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet
connections
to mobile computers and devices
21
What is an Internet access provider?
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals
and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.
22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The Internet relies on an addressing system much like the postal
service.
An IP address (Internet protocol address) is a number that
identifies each computer and consists of four groups of numbers
separated by a period.
The number in each group is between 0 and 255.
EX: 69.32.133.11
The first portion of each IP address identifies the network and
the last portion identifies the specific computer.
Because all-numeric IP addresses are difficult to remember, it’s

13. possible to use a text name that
represents one or more IP addresses. A domain name is the text
version of an IP address. The
components of a domain name are separated by periods.
The domain name system (DNS) is the system on the Internet
that stores the domain names and
theirs corresponding IP addresses.
IP Address: 13.82.28.61 IP Address:
216.58.198.174
Domain Name: www.msn.com Domain Name:
www.google.com
To convert from Domain Name to IP Address
http://moonsy.com/domain-ip/
http://www.google.com/
http://moonsy.com/domain-ip/
Some important terms…
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide
collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated
items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages
to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to

14. interact. Ex Social Networks and Wikis.
26
The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web
pages and Web 2.0 programs
27Page 81
Internet
Explorer
Firefox Opera
Safari
Google
Chrome
Some important terms…
• A home page is the first
page that a Web site
displays
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the process

15. of receiving information
from the Web.
28
• Some Web pages are designed
specifically for microbrowsers
What is URL?
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform
resource locator ) or Web address.
29
Search Engine Vs. Subject Directory
• Two types of search tools are search engines and subject
directories
30Page 85
Search engine
is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information
related to a specific topic
Subject
directory

16. A subject directory classifies
webpages in an organized set of
categories, such as sports or
shopping, and related subcategories
31Page 85
Figure 2-10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
How refine your search?
32
Types of Web Sites
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
33
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social
Network
Educational

17. Types of Web Sites
Entertainment Advocacy Web
Application
Content
Aggregator
Personal
34
The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with:
35Page 92
The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web
browser
36Page 97
Figure 2-24
E-Commerce

18. • E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an
electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using
mobile
devices
37Page 98
Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program allows you to
create, send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete e-mail
messages
38
Other Internet Services
• A mailing list is a group of e-
mail names and addresses
given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail
name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your

19. name
39
Other Internet Services
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications
service
40
Other Internet Services
• A chat is a real-time typed
conversation that takes place on
a computer
• A chat room is a location on an
Internet server that permits users
to chat with each other
41
Other Internet Services
• VoIP (Voice over IP) enables
users to speak to other users
over the Internet.
– Also called Internet telephony

20. 42
Other Internet Services
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an
Internet standard that permits file
uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP
capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that
allows users to upload and/or
download files using FTP
43
Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior
44
Summary
History and structure of
the Internet
World Wide Web

21. Browsing, navigating,
searching, Web
publishing, and
e-commerce
Other Internet services:
e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms,
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP
Rules of netiquette
45
Classwork Chapter 4
Student’s Name:
1. Define A program, or software.
2. Mention and explain the two main types of software. Explain
each.
3. System software consists of two primary types of programs:
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
4. Define Operating System and mention some examples.

22. 5. What the Operating System do?
6. Define Application Software.
7. Organize software and apps by categories:
Category
Types of programs and Apps
8. Application Software are Available in a variety of forms.
Mention 6 of them.
9. Mention the software included in the Productivity / business
Tool category.
10. What is a software suite? Mention some examples.
11. What is consider Personal Interest Applications? Mention

23. some examples.
12. What is consider Security Tools? Mention some examples.
CHAPTER 4:
PROGRAMS AND APPS
INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Recalling previous
class
2
The INTERNET ACCESS
Why?
1. Instantaneously, you can find local and national news,
weather reports, sports scores,
stock prices, your medical records, your credit report,
educational materials.

24. 2. At your fingertips, you can send messages to others, meet
new friends, shop, take a
course, play a game, listen music and watch a movie.
3. The magnificence of the internet is you can access it from a
computer anywhere: at
work, at home, at school, at the beach, in a restaurant and even
on an airplane.
World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C)
• Oversees research, sets
standards and guidelines
Internet2 (I2)
• Develops and tests
advanced Internet
technologies
nd an independent
network.
Government
Cable

25. companies
Satellite
companies
Telephone
companies
3- Who provides the Internet’s structure today?
Networks from
corporations,
commercial
firms, and other
companies
4- What are the ways to connect to the internet?
Wired
• Cable Internet
service
• DSL (digital
subscriber line)
• Fiber to the
Premises (FTTP)

26. Wireless
• Wi-Fi (wireless
fidelity)
• Mobile broadband
• Fixed wireless
• Satellite Internet
Service
6
An IP address (Internet protocol address) is a
number that identifies each computer and consists
of four groups of numbers separated by a period.
The number in each group is between 0 and 255.
EX: 69.32.133.11
The first portion of each IP address identifies the
network and the last portion identifies the specific
computer.
Because all-numeric IP addresses are difficult to remember,
it’s possible to use a text name that represents one or more IP
addresses. A domain name is the text version of an IP address.
The components of a domain name are separated by periods.

27. The domain name system (DNS) is the system on the Internet
that
stores the domain names and theirs corresponding IP addresses.
IP Address: 13.82.28.61 IP Address:
216.58.198.174
Domain Name: www.msn.com Domain Name:
www.google.com
http://www.google.com/
Software
Instructions that tell
hardware how to
perform tasks
Hardware
Electronic and
mechanical
equipment
Physical portion of a computer.
Components: monitor, keyboard,
memory, hard drive
Instructions used to
manipulate hardware
Requirements: input, processing,

28. storage, output 9
System
Software
Application
Software
Programs that control
the operations of the
computer and its devices,
serves as interface
between a user and the
computer
Consists of programs
designed to perform
specific task for user
Software
Objectives

29. 1- Identify the general categories of
programs and apps
2- Describe how an operating system
interacts with applications and hardware
3- Identify key features of different types
of applications.
4- Identify the uses of personal interest
applications
5- Identify the key features of security
tools
6- Identify the key features of file, disk,
and system management tools
11
The operating system (OS) is the main program that controls
how
your computer system functions.
memory,
peripheral devices).
tasks.

30. A program, or software, consists of a series of related
instructions,
organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what
tasks
to perform and how to perform them.
System software consists of two primary types of programs:
1. The operating system
2. Tools or Utility programs.
13
User
Applications
Operating System Interface
Scheduler & Resource Manager
File System & Network Protocols
Device Drivers
Computer Hardware
(10001101010010011)

31. Windows 10 is the
most recent version of
the Microsoft Windows
operating system.
15
MS Windows began as OS working with MS
DOS and incorporate GUI like the one that was
first introduced with Mac OS in 1995.
available OS with point-and-
click technology (GUI)
Software is available in a variety of forms:
17

32. Retail Custom Web app
Mobile
app
Mobile
web app
Shareware Freeware
Open
source
Public
domain
Productivity Applications
effective and
efficient while performing daily activities at work, school, and
home.
19Page 165
Word
processing
Presentation
Spreadsheet

33. Database
Note taking
Calendar and
contact
management
Project
management
Productivity Applications
vity applications, users often create, edit,
format, save, and
distribute projects.
notes,
calendars, contact lists, budgets, and more.
20Pages 165 - 166
Create a
project
Edit a
project
Format a
project
Save a

34. project
Distribute
a project
Word processing software
allows users to create and
manipulate documents
word processing software is
that it enables users to
change their written words
easily
21
Presentation software
allows users to create visual
aids for presentations to
communicate ideas,
messages, and other
information to a group
22

35. Spreadsheet software
e allows users to organize
data in columns and rows and perform
calculations on the data
23
Database software
that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
s users to create, access, and manage
a database
24
Note taking software
is an application that
enables users to enter
typed text,
handwritten
comments, drawings,
sketches, photos, and
links anywhere on a
page
25

36. Calendar and contact management software
management software
is an application that
helps you organize
your calendar, keep
track of contacts, and
share this information
with other users.
26
Software suite
ite is a
collection of individual related
applications available
together as a unit
software is an application that
allows a user to plan,
schedule, track, and analyze
the events, resources, and
costs of a project
27
Accounting software

37. software is an
application that
helps businesses of
all sizes record and
report their
financial
transactions
28
Personal finance software
a simplified accounting
application that helps home
users and small/home office
users balance their
checkbooks, pay bills, track
personal income and
expenses, verify account
balances, transfer funds,
track investments, and
evaluate financial plans
29
Legal software
an application that assists in the preparation
of

38. legal documents and provides legal information to individuals,
families, and small businesses
30Page 175
Figure 4-14
Tax preparation software
that can guide individuals, families, or small
businesses through the process of filing
federal and state taxes
31
Document management software
software is an application that
provides a means for sharing,
distributing, and searching
through documents by
converting them into a format
that can be viewed by any user
32
Productivity Applications

39. requires
special computing solutions because of its size and geographic
distribution
33Page 177
Human resources
software
Accounting
software
Engineering or
product
development
software
Manufacturing
software
Marketing software
Sales software
Distribution
software
Customer service
software
Software for
information
technology staff

40. Graphics and Media Software
Computer-aided design
(CAD) software
Desktop publishing
software
Paint/Image editing
software
34
Graphics and Media Software
35
Photo editing and
photo management
software
Video and audio
editing software
Graphics and Media Software
allows users to combine text,

41. graphics, audio, video, and
animation in an interactive
application
users of all skill levels create
webpages that include graphics,
video, audio, animation, and
special effects with interactive
content
36
Graphics and Media Software
allows you to view images and
animations, listen to audio, and
watch video files on your
computer or mobile device
graphics, audio, and video files on
a recordable or rewritable disc
37
Personal Interest Applications
Lifestyle
applications

42. Medical
applications
Entertainment
applications
Convenience
applications
Education
applications
38
Communications Applications
Blog Browsing Chat
Online
Discussion
Email File Transfer Internet Phone
Instant
Messaging
Mobile
Messaging
Videoconference Web Feeds
39

43. Security Tools
security tool that detects
and protects a personal
computer and its data
from unauthorized
intrusions.
40
Security Tools
protects a computer
against viruses by
identifying and
removing any
computer viruses
found in memory, on
storage media, or on
incoming files
41
Security Tools

44. computer or mobile device without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information
about the user and then communicates the
information it collects to some outside source
while the user is online
online advertisement in a banner or pop-up or
pop-under window on webpages, email
messages, or other Internet services
42
Security Tools
A spyware remover is a type of
program that detects and deletes
spyware and similar programs
An adware remover is a program that
detects and deletes adware
43
Security Tools
Anti-spam
programs
Web filtering
software

45. Phishing
filters
Pop-up and
pop-under
blockers
44
File, Disk, and System Management Tools
related to file management.
45
Search tool
included with an operating
system, that attempts to locate a
file, contact, calendar event, app,
or any other item stored on your
computer or mobile device based
on criteria you specify.
46
Image viewer

46. allows users to display, copy, and
print the contents of a graphics
file, such as a photo.
removes a program, as well as any
associated entries in the system
files.
47
Disk cleanup
es unnecessary
files.
48
Disk defragmenter
a tool that reorganizes
the files and unused
space on a computer’s
hard disk so that the
operating system
accesses data more
quickly and programs
run faster.
49

47. Other System Management Tools
A screen saver is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to
show
a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse
activity
occurs for a specified time
A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s)
A PC maintenance tool is a program that identifies and fixes
operating system problems, detects and repairs drive problems,
and
includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance
50
Other System Management Tools
copy, or back up, selected files or
the contents of an entire storage
medium to another storage
location
process and returns backed up
files to their original form
51

48. Summary
Programs and apps
available for
computers and mobile
devices
Role of the operating
system and the
various ways software
is distributed
Features of a variety
of applications
Communications
applications
Security tools and file,
disk, and system
management tools
52Page 199
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or
duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Classwork Chapter 2

49. Student’s Name:
1. Mention some uses of the INTERNET.
2. Who controls the Internet? Explain it.
3. Who provides the Internet’s structure today?
4. The IP address consists of ______________________, each
separated by __________________. In general, the first portion
of each IP address identifies _______________ and the last
portion identifies the _______________________. Because IP
addresses are difficult to remember and us, a text name that
represents one or more IP addresses. _____________________
is the text version of an IP address.
5. Mention at least 8 types of web sites:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

50. 8
6. Mention some examples of generic Top Level Domain and its
meaning.
Generic TLD
Intended Purpose
7. What is the difference between Search Engine and Subject
Directory?
8. When you are using a search engine: How refine your search?
9. Netiquette, which is
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________

51. .
NETIQUETTE—Golden Rule is
______________________________
_____________________________________________________
_.
a. Mention some of the rules of netiquette in e-mail, chat rooms,
and newsgroups:
b. How can you express emotion? Mention some popular
emoticons:
c. Mention some abbreviations and acronyms for phrases:
Key terms
Term
Definition
Access Provider
hot spot
Blog
Browser
Chat

52. Chat Room
DNS Server
Domain Name
Downloading
E-commerce
E-mail
E-mail Address
FTP
Home Page
IP Address
Link
MP3
Multimedia
Netiquette
Online Social Network
Plug-in
Search Engine
Surfing the web

53. Uploading
URL
VoIP
Web Server
Wi-Fi