The document provides an extensive overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing their functions, applications, and key components such as data models, integrity constraints, and transaction processing. It highlights the importance of DBMS in various sectors like banking, education, and telecommunications, emphasizing how it facilitates data management and user interaction. Additionally, it defines the roles of individuals involved in database systems, including database administrators, analysts, and end users.

1. INTRODUCTION TO DBMS
LEARNING OUTCOME
 Explain the various database concepts and the need for database
systems
 Identify and define database objects ,enforce integrity constraints on a
database using dbms
 Demonstrate of a data model and schemas in RDBMS
 Identify entity and relationship and draw ER diagram given real world
problem
 Convert an ER diagram to a database schema to desired normal form
 Formulate queries in Relational Algebra , Structural Query
Language(SQL) for database manipulation
 Explain the transaction processing and concurrency control techniques

2. INTRODUCTION TO DBMS
 Data is nothing but facts and statistics stored or free flowing over a
network,generally its raw facts and unprocessed.
 Information:When data is processed turning into some meaningfull
 Database: A database is a collection of logically related data organized
in away that data can be easily accessed managed and updated.
 Represents some aspect of the real world,
 logically coherent collection of data with inheritance, built for specific
purpose.
 It is also used to organize the data in the form of table, schema,views and
reports etc

3. DBMS- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 A DBMS is a software that allows creation definition and manipulation of
database allowing to store process and analyse data easily.
 DBMS providesus with an interface or a tool to perform operation like
creating database storing data in it.updating data,creating tables in the
database and a lot more.
 DBMS provides protection and security to the database.
 It maintains data consistency in case of multiple users.
 Example of DBMS are
 My Sql, Oracle, SQL Server,IBM DB2

4. DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
 Banking
 Water meter biling
 Rail and airlines
 Colleges
 Credit card transactions
 Finance
 Sales
 Telecommuncation
 Manufacturing
 Human Resources

5. DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
 Telecom:There is a database that keeps the track of the information regarding
calls made,network usage customer details.
 Industry:Where it is a manufacturing unit warehouse or distribution centre
each one needs a database to know the records ins and outs
 Banking System : For storing customer info ,tracking day to day credit and
debit transactions generating bank statements.
 Sales:To store customer information production information and invoice details
 Airlines;Tp travel through airlines we do reservation ,this reservation
information along with flight scheduke is stored in database
 Education sector: Database system are frequently used n schools and colleges
to store and retrieve the data regarding student details staff details course
details,attendance details

6. CHARACTERSTICS AND PURPOSE OF DB
APPROACH
 Self describing nature of database system
 Insulation between program and data and data abstraction
 Support of multiple views of the data
 Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing

7. SELF DESCRIBING NATURE OF A DATABASE
SYSTEM
 Database system contains complete definition of structure and
constraints
 Meta data:-describes structure of database,the information stored in
catalog is called metadata
 Database catalog used by
 DBMS software
 Database users who need information about database structure

8. INSULATION BETWEEN PROGRAMS AND DATA
 Program data independence
* Structure of data fikes is stored in DBMS catalog separately from access
programs
 Program operation independence
* Operation specified in two parts
 Interface includes operations name and data ypes of its arguments
* Implementation can be changed without affecting the interface

9. DATA ABSTRACTION
 Allows program data independence and program operation
dependence
 Conceptual representation of data
 * Does not include details of how data is stored or how operations are
implemented
 Data model type of data abstraction i.e used to provide conceptual
representation

10. SUPPORT OF MULYUPLE VIEWS OF THE DATA
 View
* Subset of the database
* Contains virtusl data derived from the databse files but it is not
explicitly stored
. Multiuser DBMS
 Users have a variety of distinct applications
 Must provide facilites for defining multiple views

11. SHARING OF DATA AND MULTIUSERS
 Allow multiple users to access the database at the same time
 Concurrency control software
 * Ensure that several users trying to update the same data do so in a
controlled manner
 * Result of the update is correct
 Online transaction processing (OLTP) application

12. ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
 Controls database redundancy
 Data sharing
 Easy maintenance
 Reduce time
 Backup
 Multiple user interface

13. PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH DATABASE SYSTEM
 Database Administrators (DBA) : DBA is a person who has control over
both data and application.
 Some of the responsibilities of DBA are authorization access,schema
definition and modifcations,new software installation and security
enforcement and administration
 Cordinationg and monitoring of database acquiring software and
hardware resources

14. PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH DATABASE SYSTEM
 System Analysis : System analyst determines the requirement of end
users.It createssolution to the business needs both technical and non-
technical aspects
 Application programmers:- These are the computer professionals who
implement the specifucations given in the system analyst and develop
the application program
 Programmers test,debug,document and maintain the canned transaction

15. PEOPLE ASSOCIATED WITH DATABASE SYSTEM
 Database designers : Database designers are responsible for identifying
the data to be stored n database for choosing structure to represent and
store the data
 Database designers typically interacts with each potential group of users
and develop views of the database that meet the data and processing
requirements of these groups
 Endusers(Database users) : Database uses ae those who interact with
database in order to query and update the database and generate
reports

16. END USERS
 People whose jobs require access to the database
 They use the data for queries reports and some of them update the
database content
 Types
 1. Casual end users
 2. Native or parametrc end users
 Sophisticated end users
 Standalone users

17. ENDUSERS
1.Casual:
 Aceess database occasionally when needed
2.Native or Parametric
 They use previously well defined functions in the form of canned
transactions against the database
 Example banktellers or reservations clerks

18. ENDUSERS
 Sophisticated
These include business analysis scientist engineers familiar with system
capability
 Stand Alone
Mostly maintain personal database usinf ready to packaged applications
 An example is a tax program user that create its database ,address book

19. WORK BEHIND THE SCENE
 DBMS SYSTEM designers and implementers
 Tool developers
 Design and implement tool
 Operators and maintenance personal