The document provides an overview of the Internet and how it functions. It discusses that the Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers without any central ownership or management. It also describes how the World Wide Web is a system of interlinked web pages accessed via the Internet. Finally, it outlines some key components of the Internet like browsers, search engines, URLs and protocols as well as non-web services like email, file transfers, and teleconferencing.

1. Internet

3. INTERNET????
• It is the largest network in the
world that connects hundreds of
thousands of individual networks
all over the world.
• The popular term for the Internet
is the “information highway”.
• Rather than moving through
geographical space, it moves your
ideas and information through
cyberspace – the space of
electronic movement of ideas
and information.

4. • No one owns it
• It has no formal management
organization.
• As it was originally developed by the
Department of defense, this lack of
centralization made it less
vulnerable to wartime or terrorist
attacks.
• To access the Internet, an existing
network need to pay a small
registration fee and agree to certain
standards based on the TCP/IP
(Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) .
• A global network connecting
millions of computers

5. What is Web?
• The Web (World Wide Web) consists
of information organized into Web
pages containing text and graphic
images.
• It contains hypertext links, or
highlighted keywords and images that
lead to related information.
• A collection of linked Web pages that
has a common theme or focus is called
a Web site.
• The main page that all of the pages on
a particular Web site are organized
around and link back to is called the
site’s home page.

6. • Body (BAN)
• Personal (PAN)
• Near-me (NAN)
• Storage (SAN)
• Local (LAN)
• Home (HAN)
• Campus (CAN)
• Metropolitan (MAN)
• Wide (WAN)
• Global (GAN)
• Interplanetary Internet
Types of internet:-

7. • J.C.R, Licklider of MIT – first
proposed a global network of
computers in 1962.
• Leonard Kleinrock of MIT & later
UCLA developed theory of packet
switching (basic internet
connections)
• Ray Tomlinson – e-mail
HISTORY OF INTERNET

8. The Internet exploded into the
public consciousness in the mid
1990s
Approximately the Internet grew
from 72 million in 2000 to 162
million in 2002
E-commerce is growing rapidly.
Tim Berners-Lee is arguably the
pivotal figure in the surging
popularity of the Internet
THE INTERNET AS
PHENOMENON

9. GETTING START
The Internet Service Provider and
the Browser
An internet user needs
• a computer
• a modem (dial-up, cable
or DSL)
• a network connection
• the related software
• an Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
• Browser
An ISP provides the server
computer and software to
connect to the Internet

10. • A browser is software used to
explore the Internet
• Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
• Others like Netscape, Opera
Google crome and Mozilla are
available.

11. Uniform Resource Locators
• The IP address and the domain name each
identify a particular computer on the Internet.
• However, they do not indicate where a Web
page’s HTML document resides on that
computer.
• To identify a Web pages exact location, Web
browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator
(URL).
• URL is a four-part addressing scheme that
tells the Web browser:
 What transfer protocol to use for transporting
the file
 The domain name of the computer on which
the file resides
 The pathname of the folder or directory on
the computer on which the file resides
 The name of the file

12. Structure of a Uniform
Resource Locators
http://www.chicagosymphony.org/civicconcerts/index.htm
protocol
Domain name
pathname
filename
http => Hypertext Transfer Protocol

13. communicating by using links
– the clickable text or image that
transport a user to the desired
web site
Domain name
- the address of the site’s host
computer.
- “com” called top-level domain and
represents the purpose of
organization or entity.
“com” – commercial
“edu” – education
“gov” – government
“org” – organization
“net” - networking center
HTTP(Hypertext
Transfer Protocol)

14. Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)
• HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the
Web browser software how to
display the text contained in the
document.
• For example, a Web browser reading
the following line of text:
<B> A Review of the
Book<I>Wind Instruments of
the 18th Century</I></B>
• recognizes the <B> and </B> tags as
instructions to display the entire line
of text in bold and the <I> and </I>
tags as instructions to display the
text enclosed by those tags in italics.
• The standard used on the web is
Hypertext markup language (HTML).

15. Search Engine
• A search engine is software, usually located
at its own web site, that lets a user specify
search terms; the search engine then finds
sites that fit those terms
• A browser usually offers links to one or more
search engines, or a user can simply link to
the site of a favorite search engine
• Example :
a. Yahoo
b. Altavista
c. About
d. AllTheWeb
e. Google
f. Lycos

16. A selection of Internet Search Tools
Directories
About Human experts, called
guides compile
directories organized
around specific topics
Yahoo! Well-organized
categories let the user
switch from browsing to
searching in a certain
area; but finds only
keywords, not any word
on a site.
AlltheWeb Fast; supports a large
number of languages;
can limit result to specific
domains.
AltaVista Very fast; indexes every
word on every page of
every site; searches
Usenet too; excellent for
custom searches.

17. Google Result raked
by algorithm
based on
number of
links from
other pages.
HotBot Fast; unique
search options
let you restrict
searches; very
comprehensive;
excels at
finding current
news
Lycos Numerous
search options,
a
comprehensive
directory, and
good returns on
simple
searches.

18. NON-WEB SERVICES OF
THE INTERNET
1. Newsgroups
2. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
3. Telnet
4. E-mail

19. 1. Newsgroups
• Usenet – an informal network of
computers
Allows posting and reading of
messages
Typically focuses on specific topics
Requires a newsreader
• Some are moderated
– Messages sent to a moderator, who
determines whether the message is
appropriate
– Prevents users from attacking other
members and prevents
inappropriate material from being
posted

20. 2. File Transfer Protocol
(FTP)
• A protocol for transferring files
among computers.
• FTP servers maintain collections of
downloadable files
–Downloading can often be done
anonymously, without logging in
• Many FTP servers can be accessed
through Web browser

21. 3. Telnet
• A protocol that allows remote users to
log onto a host computer.
Users use their own PCs
Users log in over the Internet
Users’ experience is the same
as if they were sitting at the
host computer’s local terminal
• Remote user typically has to have
a user ID and password

22. 4. E-mail
• The most commonly used feature of the
Internet
• Network provides mail server :
– Collects and stores messages in mailbox
– E-mail address consists of user name,
followed by @ symbol, then domain
name of mail server
• E-mail client software on your computer
– Allows you to manage your e-mail
messages
– Features
• Address books
• The ability to attach files
• Filters
– Direct incoming e-mail to specific
folders
– Block spam