The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, removes waste, and facilitates gas exchange through the blood and heart. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump located in the chest that circulates blood through two circuits: systemic circulation between the heart and body and pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs. Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins return blood to the heart. Capillaries connect arterioles and venules to exchange materials. The cardiovascular system maintains circulation through these components and circuits.

1. INTRODUCTIONTO
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
By: Dr. Akshita (PT)
M.P.T (Cardiopulmonary), B.P.T
(AJIPT, Delhi University), D.C.P.T
In charge, Department of
Physiotherapy, IPHI, New Delhi
Former PT Yashoda Super Specialty
Hospital & DCCW
Former Intern Sir Ganga Ram
Hospital
Certified BLS & ACLS, AHA

2. INTRODUCTION
• Cardiovascular system is the transport system of the body, through which
the nutrients are conveyed to places where these are utilized, and the
metabolites (waste products) are conveyed to appropriate places from
where these are expelled.

3. • The conveying medium is a liquid
tissue, the blood, which flows in
tubular channels called blood
vessels.
• The circulation is maintained by
the central pumping organ called
the heart.

4. FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 Transport nutrients, hormones
 Remove waste products
 Gaseous exchange
 Immunity
 Blood vessels transport blood
 Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
 Also carries nutrients and wastes
 Heart pumps blood through blood vessels

5. COMPONENTS
Heart:
• It is a four-chambered muscular organ which pumps blood to various
parts of the body.
• Each half of the heart has a receiving chamber called atrium, and a
pumping chamber called ventricle.
• Location:
• Superior surface of diaphragm
• Left of the midline
• Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum

6. FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART:
• Generating blood pressure
• Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
circulations
• Ensuring one-way blood flow
Heart valves ensure one-way flow
• Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match
blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

7. Arteries:
• These are distributing channels which
carry blood away from the heart.
• They branch like trees on their way to
different parts of the body.
• The large arteries are rich in elastic
tissue.

8. Veins:
• These are draining channels which carry blood from different parts of the body back
to the heart.

9. Capillaries:
• These are networks of microscopic vessels which connect arterioles with the venules.

11. COMPARISON OF ARTERIES AND VEINS

12. TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF
BLOOD
•Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood
within the heart.
• Systemic Circulation
•Pulmonary circulation
•Fetal Circulation
•Portal circulation

13. TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
Systemic circulation:
 The flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.
• The blood flows from the left ventricle, through various parts of the body, to the
right atrium, i.e. from the left to the right side of the heart.

14. TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
Pulmonary circulation:
• The flow of blood between the heart and lungs.
• The blood flows from the right ventricle, through the lungs, to the left atrium, i.e.
from the right to the left side of the heart.

15. TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
Portal circulation –
• The flow of blood between tow set of capillaries
before draining in systemic veins.

16. TYPES OF CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
• Fetal Circulation

17. UMBILICAL ARTERY
DESCENDING AORTA
(Through Ductus Arteriosus)
PULMONARY TRUNK
RIGHT VENTRICLE
ASCENDING AORTA
UMBILICAL VEIN
PORTAL VEIN
(Through Ductus Venosus)
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
RIFHT ATRIUM
(Through Foramen Ovale)
LEFT ATRIUM
PLACENTA

18. REFERENCES
1- General Anatomy by Vishram Singh
2- Clinical Anatomy by R. Snell
3-Gray’s Anatomy

19. THANK
YOU!