The document discusses the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in aviation, emphasizing the historical development and performance requirements established by ICAO and EU regulations. It highlights the shift from terrestrial navigation to a more reliable satellite-based approach and outlines the key features and benefits, including enhanced accuracy and infrastructure capacity. Additionally, it mentions implications for search and rescue operations and the financial support for standardized equipment across Europe.

1. Integrating GNSS within
another safety critical transport mode
Luc Tytgat, EASA
Director Strategy and Safety Management
TE.GEN.00409-001

2. Facts and figures
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3. History
GPS offered civil use after KAL 007 shot down
ICAO: international aviation standard
EU: independent / autonomous standard satnav infrastructure
Not as sole mean of navigation
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4. GNSS
A European GPS?
A 2 steps approach (1999):
GNSS 1: EGNOS
GNSS 2: GALILEO
for European industry
for users
Hybrid navigation / positioning solutions
(on-board + satellite-based signals)
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5. Aviation quality requirements
Phases of flight
En Route
Terminal operations
Departure operations
Non-precision approach
Precision approach
Performance requirements
Horizontal/vertical accuracy
ex. 16m
Time to alert
ex. 6s.
Integrity
ex. 1 x 1x10-7 / hour
Availability
ex. 0,99999 of the time
Continuity
ex. 1-8x10-6 /15s.
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6. GNSS signal in space-performance requirements (ICAO)
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Typical Operation Accuracy
horizontal
95%
Accuracy
vertical
95%
Integrity Time-to-alert Continuity Availability
En-route 3.7 km
(2.0 NM)
N/A 1 – 1×10–7/h 5 min 1 – 1× 10–4/h
to 1 – 1×10–8/h
0.99 to
0.99999
En-route, Terminal 0.74 km
(0.4 NM)
N/A 1 – 1×10–7/h 15 s 1 – 1× 10–4/h
to 1 – 1×10–8/h
0.99 to
0.99999
Initial approach,
Intermediate
approach,
Non-precision
approach (NPA),
Departure
220 m
(720 ft)
N/A 1 – 1×10–7/h 10 s 1 – 1× 10–4/h
to 1 – 1×10–8/h
0.99 to
0.99999
Approach
operations with
vertical guidance
(APV-I)
16.0 m
(52 ft)
20 m
(66 ft)
1 – 2× 10–7
in any approach
10 s 1 – 8× 10–6
per 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999
Approach
operations with
vertical guidance
(APV-II)
16.0 m
(52 ft)
8.0 m
(26 ft)
1 – 2× 10–7
in any approach
6 s 1 – 8× 10–6
per 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999
Category I precision
approach
16.0 m
(52 ft)
6.0 m to 4.0 m
(20 ft to 13 ft)
1 – 2× 10–7
in any approach
6 s 1 – 8× 10–6
per 15 s
0.99 to
0.99999

7. Key features
Not depending on a single source
Multi-frequency
Multi-constellation
GPS/Galileo
Galileo and GPS: augmentented to reach level of
performance (ABAS, SBAS, GBAS)
Jamming and Spoofing
Traffic surveillance through ADS-B
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8. Consequences for air transport
Withdrawal of terrestrial navigation / surveillance systems
(Radar, landing systems, etc. ….)
Increase of infrastucture capacity
Regional standard localisation solutions
Funding by EU (cross-border solution)
Standardized users equipment (↘ costs)
Global markets
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9. Special feature
Search and rescue / distress tracking
Compatible with drones, helicopters, airport ground vehicles
EU owned infrastructure
EU oversight / certification of service provider
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10. Facts
600 runways / 150 airports
AIRBUS: fleet equipped with GNSS / EGNOS receiver
Business aviation: decision of French aviation authority
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11. Thank you for your attention
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