Decentralization: Problems and Solutions– Madagascar Evidenceiosrjce
Most of African countries are committed for over a decade in decentralization reforms that promote
better management of local public affairs. This significant development of local institutional landscape is
materialized through greater autonomy in financial and administrative management of communes. The
management of financial resources therefore constitutes the pillars for local authorities concerning the local
sustainable development. However, with the evolution, the general observation is made that indicates that the
financial capacity of municipalities remain low. Moreover, the decentralization is now a major subject for
developing countries especially in the context of policies against poverty and exclusion. It can play a great role
in a country’s development and it has become an important political agenda in many developing countries. This
form of transferring power from the central government to the local should help Madagascar in its development.
Decentralization permits the rural communes to manage their own financial resources and their expenses.
However, the local level is considered to be a central issue for the success of development policies and the fight
against poverty in Madagascar as in other African Countries. This paper analyses the repercussions of the
financial management on local municipalities in Madagascar and proposes solutions through which it can be
improved. Moreover, the good governance for the States is sometimes reflected by a good financial management
and transparency concerning public administration in general. Also, improving the management in the rural
area is an essential way to ameliorate development in Madagascar.
Measuring Poverty through Child Malnutrition A Study With Special Referance T...iosrjce
Malnutrition is identified by a weight for height indicator within a given population, or by a
measurement of a child's mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). If dietary deficiencies are persistent, children
will stop growing and become stunted (low height for one's age). This is referred to as chronic malnutrition. If
they experience weight loss or 'wasting' (low weight for one's height), they are described as suffering from acute
malnutrition. India's ICDS scheme The Integrated Child Development Scheme is perhaps the largest of all food
and supplementation programmes in the world and was set up as an institutional response to the problem of
malnutrition in India. Initiated in 1975, the ICDS was mandated with improving the health and nutrition status
of children up to the age of six by providing supplementary food and by coordinating with state health
departments to ensure delivery of required health inputs. Under the ICDS, cooked food is provided to children
through anganwadi (community) centre’s. One centre is provided for a population of 1000 (700 in the case of
tribal areas). Fifty million children aged six and below are covered under this Rs.45 billion outreach
programme. There has been much research on the benefit of micronutrient replacement and the promotion of
breastfeeding as ways to prevent malnutrition and its complications in children. The study found the income
level is lesser than national average. Even though there is a minimum availability of nutritious food to
children’s, majority of them are found to be malnourished.
Decentralization: Problems and Solutions– Madagascar Evidenceiosrjce
Most of African countries are committed for over a decade in decentralization reforms that promote
better management of local public affairs. This significant development of local institutional landscape is
materialized through greater autonomy in financial and administrative management of communes. The
management of financial resources therefore constitutes the pillars for local authorities concerning the local
sustainable development. However, with the evolution, the general observation is made that indicates that the
financial capacity of municipalities remain low. Moreover, the decentralization is now a major subject for
developing countries especially in the context of policies against poverty and exclusion. It can play a great role
in a country’s development and it has become an important political agenda in many developing countries. This
form of transferring power from the central government to the local should help Madagascar in its development.
Decentralization permits the rural communes to manage their own financial resources and their expenses.
However, the local level is considered to be a central issue for the success of development policies and the fight
against poverty in Madagascar as in other African Countries. This paper analyses the repercussions of the
financial management on local municipalities in Madagascar and proposes solutions through which it can be
improved. Moreover, the good governance for the States is sometimes reflected by a good financial management
and transparency concerning public administration in general. Also, improving the management in the rural
area is an essential way to ameliorate development in Madagascar.
Measuring Poverty through Child Malnutrition A Study With Special Referance T...iosrjce
Malnutrition is identified by a weight for height indicator within a given population, or by a
measurement of a child's mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). If dietary deficiencies are persistent, children
will stop growing and become stunted (low height for one's age). This is referred to as chronic malnutrition. If
they experience weight loss or 'wasting' (low weight for one's height), they are described as suffering from acute
malnutrition. India's ICDS scheme The Integrated Child Development Scheme is perhaps the largest of all food
and supplementation programmes in the world and was set up as an institutional response to the problem of
malnutrition in India. Initiated in 1975, the ICDS was mandated with improving the health and nutrition status
of children up to the age of six by providing supplementary food and by coordinating with state health
departments to ensure delivery of required health inputs. Under the ICDS, cooked food is provided to children
through anganwadi (community) centre’s. One centre is provided for a population of 1000 (700 in the case of
tribal areas). Fifty million children aged six and below are covered under this Rs.45 billion outreach
programme. There has been much research on the benefit of micronutrient replacement and the promotion of
breastfeeding as ways to prevent malnutrition and its complications in children. The study found the income
level is lesser than national average. Even though there is a minimum availability of nutritious food to
children’s, majority of them are found to be malnourished.
Effects of Corruption on Growth and Development of the Moroccan Economy iosrjce
The interest of this paper is to examine the slowdown in economic growth because of the endemic
corruption that tends to hinder private investment, reduce the quality of public investment, promote the
evelopment of an annuity Economy and paralyze the development of the whole Moroccan society.The analysis of
the existing theoretical and empirical literature on this subject shows that corruption leads to an important
socio-economic cost. The prevalence of this problem may explain the poor performance of companies. by
favoring certain rentier sectors, Corruption affects the optimal distribution of public expenditure. It may take
the form of a tax on productive enterprise thereby discouraging investment.Corruption is a systemic problem.
Only a comprehensive approach can be effective in the fight against corruption. However, the fight against
corruption begins with the political will. Policymakers should not only lead the reforms but also lead by
example. A good strategy is focused on the causes and not on the effects, on healing and not only on the
diagnosis, on corrupt systems and not only on the parties.
I de fleste organisationer er den kollektive viden opsamlet i dokumenter og databaser, og mulighederne for at finde og genanvende denne information, har stor betydning for den samlede produktivitet. Vi gennemgår mulighederne i SharePoint 2013, herunder Enterprise Search og hvordan SharePoint og Yammer supplere hinanden som løsninger for samarbejde og vidensdeling.
Effects of Corruption on Growth and Development of the Moroccan Economy iosrjce
The interest of this paper is to examine the slowdown in economic growth because of the endemic
corruption that tends to hinder private investment, reduce the quality of public investment, promote the
evelopment of an annuity Economy and paralyze the development of the whole Moroccan society.The analysis of
the existing theoretical and empirical literature on this subject shows that corruption leads to an important
socio-economic cost. The prevalence of this problem may explain the poor performance of companies. by
favoring certain rentier sectors, Corruption affects the optimal distribution of public expenditure. It may take
the form of a tax on productive enterprise thereby discouraging investment.Corruption is a systemic problem.
Only a comprehensive approach can be effective in the fight against corruption. However, the fight against
corruption begins with the political will. Policymakers should not only lead the reforms but also lead by
example. A good strategy is focused on the causes and not on the effects, on healing and not only on the
diagnosis, on corrupt systems and not only on the parties.
I de fleste organisationer er den kollektive viden opsamlet i dokumenter og databaser, og mulighederne for at finde og genanvende denne information, har stor betydning for den samlede produktivitet. Vi gennemgår mulighederne i SharePoint 2013, herunder Enterprise Search og hvordan SharePoint og Yammer supplere hinanden som løsninger for samarbejde og vidensdeling.
1. Information For Your Home Based Business
Many people are finding out that they have the ability to build a home based business that
will get them on the road to financial success. This is a possibility, but many of these people
don't know how to begin. In the time that you are planning and discovering your goals, you
should be learning anything and everything about the reality of running a home business.
This article can help you learn how to get started.
Take a tax deduction for your home business Internet connection. Most of these costs may
be deducted from earnings, though it can't be more than half if other family members use it.
You must keep separate phone lines for business and home use. A professional business
always has a dedicated line and voicemail system. Not only that, but you don't want to
florists san antonio risk your child or another person answering a business call.
Always take breaks, but don't get immersed in household tasks or personal activities. For
instance, don't do house chores or make personal calls. Rejuvenate and empower yourself
with short activities that wake you up, like a brief stint with exercise or quick weeding of your
garden.
Develop a regular schedule of time to devote to your work at home that is separate from your
personal time. Decide at what point each day you are going to stop taking business calls.
Make room for friends, family and for your own personal time.
Having trouble coming up with an idea for your business? Ask yourself what service or
products you would want in your life. Finding a specific need that is not yet being met is key
to a successful business. Chances are, if you could use something in your life, other people
can use it too.
You need a post office box for business mail. Don't put your real address on the Internet
under any circumstances. This will protect both you and your family.
It's important that you have an office. You don't need a big one, but it does have to be
comfortable. An office must be quiet, organized and inspiring. Do not worry too much about
the size because you can work it well with planning.
Look for price ranges for a product in today's market before you start trying to sell. Look at
your competition, and aim to offer more competitive prices. Do not put other companies
down. Make yourself look good instead.
If you wish to be successful when you have a home business, becoming comfortable at selfpromotion is required. Using word of mouth, the Internet and trade shows are all great ways
to gain exposure. You need to be sure your customers or clients feel your products and
2. business provide excellent value. If you succeed in the art of promoting yourself and your
business, you will see your profits sky-rocket in no time.
Now that you have a greater idea of what you need to do to create and manage a home
business, you should start feeling like you can accomplish your home business goals.
Remember that the information you learned is only going to work if you apply it. If you follow
the tips in this article, then your home business should succeed.