INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALTY IEQ.pptx

Factors that affect IEQ
Air Quality
Materials
IEQ
Connectivity

Fresh AirVentilation
 Good indoor air quality
 Comfort
 Performance
 Well-being of the occupants
Good IEQ can enhance occupant productivity
by 5-15%

 Headache after seeing a movie
 Headache after having slept in an
A/C room for 8 hours ?

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
© Confederation of Indian Industry
 A condition affecting office workers,
typically marked by headaches and
respiratory problems, attributed to
unhealthy or stressful factors in the
working environment such as poor
ventilation

SBS Symptoms
 Dry eyes
 Dry throat
 Headache
 Dry skin
 Mucous membrane irritation
 Lethargy
 Asthmatic symptoms

Typical Fresh Air Requirements in Mechanically
Ventilated Buildings (ASHRAE 62.1-2010)
Area cfm per person cfm per sq.ft
Office space 5 + 0.06
Auditorium 5 + 0.06
Conference/ Meeting 5 + 0.06
Cafeteria 7.5 + 0.18
Retail Sales 7.5 + 0.12
Mall Common areas 7.5 + 0.06
Bank 7.5 + 0.06
Sports – Aerobics / Dance 20 0.06

 Should be located away from contaminant
sources:
 Cooling towers
 Building exhaust fans
 Sanitary vents
 Standing water
 Outside smoking rooms
 Vehicular exhaust
 Parking garages
 Street traffic, etc.,
Location of Fresh Air Intakes

CO2 Monitoring -Concept
Case #1
Poor Ventilation
Case #2
Good Ventilation
Outside CO2
400 ppm 1400 ppm
Inside/outside differential = 530
Inside/outside differential = 1000 ppm
ppm
930 ppm
Outside
CO2
400 ppm
Not more than 530 ppm (differential) w.r.t outside

CO2 Monitoring
 Non-densely occupied spaces
 CO2 sensors in return air ducts
 Open office work stations
 Densely occupied spaces
 25 people or more per 1,000 sq. ft.
 CO2 sensors: 3 – 6 feet above floor
 Exclusive CO2 sensors for spaces with
collapsible system
 Seminars / Conferences / meetings

ConventionalVentilation
 Typically based on:
 Maximum occupancy
(worst-case scenario)
 Constant intake of fresh air
(even if unoccupied)

ConventionalVentilation - Disadvantages
 Excess running of fans
 Excess cooling of warm
intake air
 Significant waste of
energy & money

Demand ControlVentilation (DCV)
 A system which adjusts outside
ventilation air based on:
 Number of occupants
 Ventilation demands that those
occupants create

DCV -Concept

DCV Benefits
 Maintain acceptable IAQ
 Reduce energy consumption
 Monitor space occupancy

 Provide operable windows & doors to the
exteriors, in all regularly occupied areas:
Non Air-conditioned Spaces
Space Type
Percentage of Openable Area
to the Total Carpet Area
Regularly Occupied Spaces
(< 100 sq.m)
8%
(> 100 sq.m)
12%

Non Air-conditionedSpaces
Sample SummaryCalculations to determine Outdoor
AirVentilation Rates
Type of
Space
Net
Carpet
Area
Description
of Operable
Openings
Openable
Area
(sq.m)
Openable
Area/Carpet
Area (%)
Baseline
Operable Area
(%)
Meet
the
Criteria
(sq.m)
Open
Office
75 (3) 2m x
2.5m slider
Window
7.5 10 % 8% Y
Meeting
Room
30 (1) 3m x
2.5m slider
Windw
3.75 12.5 % 8% Y
Training
Room
125 (4) 4m x
2.5m slider
window
20 16 % 12% Y
Cafeteria 175 (4) 4m x
2.5m slider
window
20 11.4% 12% N

OperableWindows
Indian Railways Institute of Civil
Engineering (IRICEN), Pune
Platinum rated

Tobacco SmokeControl
 Intent
 Minimise exposure of non-smokers to the adverse
health impacts arising due to passive smoking in
the building

 Option 1: Prohibit smoking in
the building
 Demonstrate that smoking
is prohibited in the building
 As per regulations of Ministry of
Health & Family Welfare,
Government of India
 Provide signages
Declaration Letterfrom
theOwner

 Option 2: Have designated smoking areas
 Provide designated smoking areas
 Deck-to-deck partition
 Exhaust air louver/ duct
• » 7.6 m away from building air-intakes
 To operate at a negative pressure
» Average of 5Pa
 To prove leakage is zero
Smoking Room atKolkata
Airport

ISRO’s IMGEOS & NDEM Facility
National Remote Sensing Centre, Shadnagar
Platinum rated

 Indoor Materials impact IAQ
1) Paints & Coatings
2) Adhesives
3) Carpets
4) Composite wood
5) New Wood Furniture
Low-Emitting Materials

1) Paints &Coatings
Low VOC Paints
Type of Paints & Coatings VOC Limit
(g/L less water)
Non-flat (Glossy) 150
Flat (Mat) 50
Anti-corrosive/ Anti-rust 250
Clear Wood Finish: Varnish 350
Clear Wood Finish: Lacquer 550
Floor Coatings 100

Applications VOC Limit
(g/L less
water)
Glazing Adhesives 100
Ceramic tile Adhesives 65
Drywall & panel Adhesive 50
Wood substrata Adhesives 30
Wood flooring Adhesives 100
HVAC duct insulation 850
Indoor Carpet Adhesives 50
Multipurpose Construction
Adhesives
70
2)Adhesives

 Comply with CRI Green Label Plus Programme
3)Carpets

 Must not contain added urea formaldehyde
resins
 Can disintegrate faster at room temperatures
 Low VOC resins:
 Phenol & Melamine formaldehyde resins
4) CompositeWood & AgrifiberProducts

5) NewWood Furniture
Chemical Contaminant Emission Limits for
System Furniture / Seating
TVOC 0.5 mg per m3/ 0.25 mg per m3
Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion/ 25 parts per billion
Total Aldehydes 100 parts per billion/ 50 parts per billion
 Work stations, chairs, tables, cabinets, etc.,
 Must not exceed maximum indoor air concentrations
Maximum Indoor Air Concentrations
BIFMA: Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association

Have an entry carpet of atleast 2 meters
(6 feet) length
At all main entrances of the building
Outdoor Pollutants . . .

 Air Filtering Media
 Install air filtering media after building
flush-out, with atleast MERV 13 or EU 7
 Germicidal/ UV Lamps
 Install germicidal/ UV lamps in
air-handling unit (AHU) cooling coils
Outdoor Pollutants
MERV 13 Filters
UV Germicidal Light

 Hazardous gases or chemicals from
regularly occupied areas
Eg: Printer rooms, chemical
storage rooms, etc.,
Exhaust system, Self-closing
door, Deck-to-deck partition /
hard ceiling
Indoor Pollutants
Exhaust systems

Eco-friendly Housekeeping
Chemicals (Biodegradable & Non-
hazardous)
 Intent
 To encourage the use of eco-
friendly housekeeping chemicals
so as to reduce adverse health
impacts for building occupants

Eco-friendly Housekeeping
Chemicals
 Few application areas:
 Floor cleaning
 Glass cleaning
 Toilet bowl cleaning
 Carpet cleaning

IndoorAir QualityTesting
(After Construction and Before Occupancy)
 Intent
 Avoid occupant’s exposure to indoor airborne
contaminants before occupying the premises
 To reduce the adverse health impacts
on building occupants

Indoor Air QualityTesting
(After Construction and Before Occupancy)
 Compliance Options:
 Conduct baseline IAQ testing
 Using protocols consistent with
the ISO methods
 Conduct additional flush-out with outside air
 Where the maximum concentration limits are
exceeded

Maximum Concentration Levels
Contaminant Maximum Concentration
Formaldehyde 27 parts per billion
Particulates (PM10) 50 micrograms per cubic meter
Total volatile organic
compounds (TVOCs)
500 micrograms per cubic meter
Carbon monoxide (CO)
9 part per million and no greater than 2 parts
per million above outdoor levels

Indoor Air QualityManagement
(During Construction)
Have an IAQ management plan during
construction:
 Scheduling
 Electrical & Mechanical equipment & systems
protection
 Housekeeping
 Isolate clean areas
SMACNA & NBC Guidelines
SMACNA: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association

Air-Conditioning ducts covered during construction Chillers covered during construction
Insulation covered during construction
AHU’s covered during construction
IndoorAir Quality Management (During Construction)

All the materials & equipments at the construction site are covered or kept separately in the boxes
Construction site area & pathways kept clean Construction Workers wearing Safety Helmets
& safety harness
IndoorAir Quality Management (During Construction)

ThermalComfort
Design
 Intent
 To provide a comfortable thermal
environment that promotes occupant
productivity and well-being

ThermalComfort
Design
 Design HVAC systems & the building
envelope to meet requirements of
ASHRAE 55-2004
 Thermal comfort conditions for Human
Occupancy
 Air temperature & humidity to be met

PermanentTemperature & Humidity
Monitoring System
 Temperature 24 + 2
 RH should be maintained between
within thermal comfort range
 RH: 30 to 60%
 HVAC systems
 Dehumidification &
Humidification system
– to maintain RH

 Spaces where people sit or stand as they
work, irrespective of the number of days
occupied in a year
 Workstations, meeting rooms, waiting areas, cafeteria, etc.,

Daylighting
 Intent
 Ensure connectivity between the
interior and the exterior environment,
by providing adequate daylighting
ONGC, Dehradun

 Option 1: Simulation Approach
 Daylight illuminance levels between 110 Lux to
2,200 Lux in clear sky condition
 On 21st September at 12 noon, at workingplane
Daylighting

Simulation Result

 Option 2: Measurement Approach
 Measure on 10 feet grid
 Consider average of the measurements
taken at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 p.m.
 Minimum 110 lux
Daylighting
Luxmeter for measurement of
Illuminance Values

Low Height partition for workstations
Light Pipe
Diffused natural light
through light pipe
ISRO’s IMGEOS & NDEM Facility
National Remote Sensing Centre, Shadnagar
Platinum Rated
Daylighting

Outdoor
Views
 Intent
 Ensure connectivity between the
interior and the exterior environment,
by providing adequate views
CII Godrej GBC, Hyderabad

Direct line of sight to outdoor
environment
 Vision glazing
 Between 0.9 m and
2.1 m, above finished floor level
 No obstruction of views
 At least 8 meters from the
exterior vision glazing
Outdoor
Views
ONGC, Dehradun

OccupantWell-being Facilities
 Intent
 Provide occupant well-being facilities
 To enhance physical, emotional and
spiritual well-being of building occupants

 Compliance Option :
 Demonstrate that the project has occupant
well-being facilities such as:
 Gymnasium
 Aerobics
 Meditation or yoga
 Any indoor/ outdoor games

Tetrapak, Chakan
Platinum rated
Bombay House, Mumbai
Gold Rated

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