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ICD-10-CM Chapter 19.pdf
1. ICD-10-CM Chapter 19 - Injury,
Poisoning, and Certain Other
Consequences of External Causes
Hariprasanth Jayaraman CPC, CRC
2. Disclaimer
This presentation is designed to offer basic information for coding and
billing. The information presented here is based on the experience, training
and interpretation of the author. Although the information has been carefully
researched and checked for accuracy and completeness, the instructor
does not accept any responsibility or liability with regard to errors,
omissions, misuse or misinterpretation. This material is intended as an
Educational guide and should not be considered a legal/consulting opinion.
3. Table of Contents
Chapter Overview & Code blocks
Application of 7th
characters
Coding of injuries
Fractures & its types
Burns and Corrosions
Adverse Effects, Poisoning, Underdosing and Toxic Effects
Complications of care
4. Today’s Learning Objectives
Understand the structure and organization.
Recognize the coding conventions and guidelines.
Develop proficiency in assigning appropriate codes for injuries resulting from
accidents, falls, burns, fractures.
Comprehend the coding guidelines for adverse effects, poisoning, and toxic
effects of drugs and substances.
Coding guidelines for complications and late effects of injuries.
Differentiate between open and closed fractures and accurately assign the
appropriate codes.
Demonstrate proficiency in coding and sequencing of multiple injuries or external
causes.
5. Chapter Overview(S00 – T88)
S00-T14: Injuries to the musculoskeletal system and connective
tissue
• This section contains a wide range of subcategories that cover various
types of injuries, including fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, and
other injuries affecting bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and
other related structures.
T15-T19: Foreign body entering through natural orifice
• Depend on several factors, including the type of foreign body, its size,
location, and the specific orifice involved.
T20-T32: Burns and corrosions
• This section codes for burns and corrosions. These codes are used to
classify various types of burns and corrosive injuries based on their
severity, location, and extent.
T33-T34: Frostbite
• Condition caused by exposure to cold temperatures, resulting in
freezing and damage to the skin and underlying tissues.
T36-T65: Poisoning by drugs, medicaments, and biological
substances
• Focuses on coding poisonings and toxic effects caused by drugs,
medications, biological substances, and other substances.
T66-T78: Other and unspecified effects of external causes
• Consequences resulting from external causes, such as radiation,
heat, cold, pressure, foreign bodies, and other non-medical factors.
T80-T88: Complications of surgical and medical care, not
elsewhere classified
• These codes are used to document postoperative and post-
procedural complications, as well as adverse effects of medical
treatments or interventions.
6. Code blocks on Chapter 19 Conditions
• Injuries to the head
S00-S09
• Injuries to the neck
S10-S19
• Injuries to the thorax
S20-S29
• Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar
spine, pelvis and external genitals
S30-S39
• Injuries to the shoulder and upper arm
S40-S49
• Injuries to the elbow and forearm
S50-S59
• Injuries to the wrist, hand and fingers
S60-S69
• Injuries to the hip and thigh
S70-S79
• Injuries to the knee and lower leg
S80-S89
• Injuries to the ankle and foot
S90-S99
•Injuries involving multiple body regions
T07
•Injury of unspecified body region
T14
•Effects of foreign body entering through natural
orifice
T15-T19
•Burns and corrosions of external body surface,
specified by site
T20-T25
• Burns and corrosions confined to eye and internal
organs
T26-T28
• Burns and corrosions of multiple and unspecified
body regions
T30-T32
• Frostbite
T33-T34
• Poisoning by, adverse effect of and under dosing
of drugs, medicaments and biological substances
T36-T50
• Toxic effects of substances chiefly non medicinal
as to source
T51-T65
• Other and unspecified effects of external causes
T66-T78
•Certain early complications of trauma
T79
•Complications of surgical and medical care, not
elsewhere classified
T80-T88
7. Application of 7th characters in Chapter 19
➢ Most categories in chapter 19 have a 7th character requirement for each
applicable code
➢ Most categories in this chapter have three 7th character values (with the
exception of fractures)
❖ A - Initial encounter
❖ D - Subsequent encounter
❖ S - Sequela
➢ Categories for traumatic fractures have additional 7th character values
8. A - Initial Encounter
➢ This 7th character should be used when a patient is receiving “active
treatment,” regardless of the number of visits or services are provided
➢ It does not mean that this is the first visit for a new physician, as is
commonly misunderstood
➢ For example, code T84.50XA, Infection and inflammatory reaction due
to unspecified internal joint prosthesis, initial encounter, is used when
active treatment is provided for the infection, even though the
condition relates to the prosthetic device, implant or graft that was
placed at a previous encounter
9. D - Subsequent
➢ This 7th character should be used after the patient has
completed active treatment and is receiving “routine after care”
for the injury during the healing / recovery phase
➢ Routine aftercare may include removal of cast or
internal/external fixation device and follow-up visits
➢ The aftercare Z codes should not be used for aftercare for
conditions such as injuries or poisonings, where 7th characters
are provided to identify subsequent care
➢ For example, for aftercare of an injury, assign the acute injury
code with the 7th character “D” (subsequent encounter)
10. S - Sequela
➢ This 7th character should be used when conditions that arise
as a direct result of a condition, such as scar formation after a
burn, a contracture as a result of a shoulder fracture, or
chronic pain
➢ These conditions are commonly referred to as “late effect”
➢ The “S” is added only to the injury code, not the sequela code
➢ The specific sequela or late effect condition should be
sequenced first, followed by the injury code with the 7th
character S
11. Coding of injuries
➢ When coding injuries, assign separate codes for each injury unless a
combination code is provided, in which case the combination code is
assigned
➢ Codes from category T07, Unspecified multiple injuries should not be
assigned in the inpatient setting unless information for a more specific
code is not available
➢ Traumatic injury codes (S00-T14.9) are not to be used for normal, healing
surgical wounds or to identify complications of surgical wounds
➢ The code for the most serious injury, as determined by the provider and
the focus of treatment, is sequenced first
Contusion
Abrasion
Laceration
Fracture
Blunt impact injuries
12. Coding of injuries
Superficial injuries
➢ Superficial injuries such as abrasions or contusions are not coded when associated with more
severe injuries of the same site
Primary injury with damage to nerves/blood vessels
➢ When a primary injury results in minor damage to peripheral nerves or blood vessels, the
primary injury is sequenced first with additional code for injuries to nerves and spinal cord (such
as category S04), or injury to blood vessels (such as category S15)
➢ When the primary injury is to the blood vessels or nerves, that injury should be sequenced first
Iatrogenic injuries
➢ Injury codes from Chapter 19 should not be assigned for injuries that occur during, or as a result
of, a medical intervention
➢ Assign the appropriate complication code
13. Coding of injuries - Case study
11-year-old girl fell from her horse, resulting in a laceration to her right forearm
with several large pieces of wooden fragments embedded in the wound as well
as abrasions to her right ear; in addition, her right shoulder was dislocated.
S43.004A - Unspecified dislocation of right shoulder joint, initial encounter
S51.821A - Laceration with foreign body of right forearm, initial encounter
S00.411A - Abrasion of right ear, initial encounter
V80.010A - Animal-rider injured by fall from or being thrown from horse in
non-collision accident, initial encounter
Y93.52 - Activity, horseback riding
14. Coding of injuries - Case study
A patient is evaluated by the physician for a keloid scar that developed as a
result of a Lacerated by glass during a car accident in right upper arm one year
ago.
L91.0 - Hypertrophic scar
S41.111S - Laceration without foreign body of right upper arm, sequela
15. Coding of Traumatic Fractures
Introduction:
➢ A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the
skin, it is called an open or compound fracture
➢ Over 1 million people in the US are annually diagnosed with traumatic
factures
➢ The principles of multiple coding of injuries should be followed in coding
fractures. Fractures of specified sites are coded individually by site
16. Types of Fracture
Displaced Fracture:
➢ Bone breaks into two or more pieces and moves out of alignment
Non-Displaced Fracture:
➢ The bone breaks but does not move out of alignment
Closed Fracture:
➢ The skin is not broken
Open Fracture:
➢ The bone has broken through the skin – this is a medical emergency and should be seen in the emergency or urgent
care department immediately
Coding Guideline:
➢ A fracture not indicated as open or closed should be coded to closed
➢ A fracture not indicated whether displaced or not displaced should be coded to displaced
17. Disturbed Bone Healing Process
Malunion
➢ Occurs when a fractured bone heals in an abnormal position, which
can lead to impaired function of the bone or limb and make it look like it
is ‘bent’
Nonunion
➢ Nonunion is the result of a fractured bone failing to heal after an
extended period of time – in some cases over a period of 9 to 12
months
➢ Causes: When the bone lacks adequate stability, blood flow, or both
18. Application of 7th characters in Closed fracture
➢A - Initial encounter for closed fracture
➢D - Subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing
➢G - Subsequent encounter for fracture with delayed healing
➢K - Subsequent encounter for fracture with nonunion
➢P - Subsequent encounter for fracture with malunion
➢S -Sequela
19. Initial vs. Subsequent Encounter for Fractures
➢ Traumatic fractures are coded using the appropriate 7th character for initial encounter (A, B, C) for
each encounter where the patient is receiving active treatment for the fracture
➢ The appropriate 7th character for initial encounter should also be assigned for a patient who
delayed seeking treatment for the fracture or nonunion
➢ Fractures are coded using the appropriate 7th character for subsequent care for encounters after
the patient has completed active treatment of the fracture and is receiving routine care for the
fracture during the healing or recovery phase
➢ Care for complications of surgical treatment for fracture repairs during the healing or recovery
phase should be coded with the appropriate complication codes
➢ Care of complications of fractures, such as malunion and nonunion, should be reported with the
appropriate 7th character for subsequent care with nonunion (K, M, N,) or subsequent care with
malunion (P, Q, R)
➢ Malunion/nonunion: The appropriate 7th character for initial encounter should also be assigned for
a patient who delayed seeking treatment for the fracture or nonunion
20. Initial vs. Subsequent Encounter for Fractures
➢ A code from category M80, not a traumatic fracture code, should be used for any patient with
known osteoporosis who suffers a fracture, even if the patient had a minor fall or trauma, if that
fall or trauma would not usually break a normal, healthy bone
➢ The aftercare Z codes should not be used for aftercare for traumatic fractures. For aftercare of a
traumatic fracture, assign the acute fracture code with the appropriate 7th character.
21. Closed fracture - Case Study
Discharge summary
Admitting diagnosis:
Wrist pain
Discharge diagnosis:
Scaphoid bone Fracture
Secondary diagnosis: None
Hospital course:
Patient evaluated after fall from a skateboard onto the sidewalk,
suspecting for fracture, X-ray was ordered.
S62.014A – Non-displaced fracture of distal pole of navicular [scaphoid] bone of right wrist, initial
encounter for closed fracture
V00.131A - Fall from skateboard, initial encounter
Y93.51 -Activity, roller skating (inline) and skateboarding
Y92.480 -Sidewalk as the place of occurrence of the external cause
Y99.8 - Other external cause status
X-ray:
Technique
Radiograph of Right wrist Scaphoid obtained in Anteroposterior,
Oblique and Lateral projections.
Findings: Non-displaced fracture of distal pole rt wrist.
Disposition: Stable discharged to Home
Discharge instructions: The patient was instructed that he can
return home with his regular diet
22. Closed fracture - Case Study
Female patient fell during a forest hiking excursion almost six
months ago and until recently did not feel she needed to seek
medical attention for her left ankle pain; x-rays show nonunion of
lateral malleolus and surgery has been scheduled.
S82.62XA - Displaced fracture of lateral malleolus of left fibula, initial encounter for closed fracture
W01.0XXA - Fall on same level from slipping, tripping and stumbling without subsequent striking
against object, initial encounter
Y92.821 - Forest as place of occurrence of the external cause
Y93.01 - Activity, walking, marching and hiking
Y99.8 - Other external cause status
23. Coding for Open Fractures
➢ The ICD-10-CM guidelines add another layer of complexity to coding for open fractures
➢ Some fracture categories provide the 7th characters to designate the specific type of open fracture based on the
Gustilo Open Fracture Classification system
➢ This system classifies open fractures into three major categories:
➢ depending on the mechanism of the injury
➢ soft tissue damage and
➢ degree of skeletal involvement
➢ The classes are I, II, and III, with the third class being further subdivided into A, B, or C. these subdivided classes
are used to identify the severity of the soft tissue damage, fracture healing, infection, and to determine prognosis
➢ 7th character for fractures of the forearm, femur and lower leg, including ankle are based on the Gustilo open
fracture classification
➢ When the Gustilo classification type is not specified for an open fracture, the 7th character for open fracture type
I or II should be assigned (B, E, H, M, Q)
24. Coding for Open Fractures
Gustilo Classification
I II IIIA IIIB IIIC
Energy Low Moderate High High High
Wound size ≤ 1 cm 1-10 cm usually >10 cm usually >10 cm usually >10 cm
Soft tissue damage Minimal Moderate Extensive Extensive Extensive
Contamination Clean Moderate Extensive Extensive Extensive
Fracture Comminution Minimal Moderate Severe Severe Severe
Periosteal Stripping No No Yes Yes Yes
Skin Coverage Local coverage Local coverage Local coverage
Free tissue flap or
rotational flap coverage
Typically requires flap
coverage
Neurovascular Injury Normal Normal Normal Normal
Exposed fracture with
arterial damage that
requires repair
25. Coding for Open Fractures - 7th characters
➢7th characters available for these open fractures include:
➢B - Initial encounter for type I or II
➢C - Initial encounter for IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC
➢E - Subsequent encounter for I or II with routine healing
➢F - Subsequent encounter for IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC with routine healing
➢H - Subsequent encounter for type I or II with delayed healing
➢J - Subsequent encounter for type IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC with delayed healing
➢M - Subsequent encounter for type I or II with nonunion
➢N -Subsequent encounter for type IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC with nonunion
➢Q - Subsequent encounter for type I or II with malunion
➢R - Subsequent encounter for type IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC with malunion
26. Coding for Open Fractures - Case Study
A 50-year-old female patient is seen in the emergency department following an MVA. She
was attempting to exit her car when it was struck by another car resulting in an impact on
her right forearm. Her forearm was pinned resulting in a large open forearm wound of
11cm. On x-ray the ulna and radial bones show multiple fractures. She is diagnosed with
a displaced transverse fracture of left ulna and open fracture of radial shaft.
S52.351C – Displaced fracture of the radius shaft, right arm in initial
encounter for open fracture, type IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC
S52.221C – Displaced transverse fracture of the right ulna, initial
encounter for open fracture type IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC
27. Multiple Fractures & Physeal Fractures
Multiple Fractures Sequencing:
➢ Multiple fractures are sequenced in accordance with the severity of the fracture
Physeal Fractures:
➢ For Physeal fractures, assign only the code identifying the type of Physeal fracture
➢ Do not assign a separate code to identify the specific bone that is fractured
28. Wording is Key!!
In addition to the specific anatomical site (location),
The following details need to checked
➢ Traumatic or Non-Traumatic
➢ Displaced or Non-Displaced
➢ Laterality
➢ If the type of treatment is routine versus delayed healing, nonunion, or malunion
➢ Type of encounter (initial, subsequent, sequela)
29. Summary of Fracture Coding
What is the
fracture
classification
Fracture type
I,II or NOS
Fracture type
IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC
Active treatment
Subsequent,
Nonunion
Subsequent,
delayed healing
Subsequent,
Malunion
Subsequent,
routine healing
Sequela
Active treatment
Subsequent,
Nonunion
Subsequent,
delayed healing
Subsequent,
Malunion
Subsequent,
routine healing
Sequela
Active treatment
Subsequent,
Nonunion
Subsequent,
delayed healing
Subsequent,
Malunion
Subsequent,
routine healing
Sequela
Is the
fracture
Open or
close?
OPEN
CLOSED
E
B C
H
M
Q
S
D
A
S
R
N
J
F
K
P
S
G
30. Burns and Corrosions
Burns
➢ Classifieds under thermal burns which are burns from heat sources such as fire,
electricity, friction, hot air or gasses, hot objects, or radiation
Corrosions
➢ Caused by chemical burns such as acids, lime, alkaline, or caustics
31. Categories
First-Degree Burns or Erythema
➢ Damage the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and cause pain,
redness and swelling (erythema)
Second-Degree Burns or Blistering
➢ Second-degree burns (also called partial-thickness burns) involve
the top two layers of skin
Third-Degree Burns or Full Thickness
➢ Extend through and destroy all layers of the dermis and often
injure the underlying subcutaneous tissue
▪ Burns of the eye and internal organs (T26–T28) are classified by
site, not by degree
32. Sequencing of burn and related condition codes
Sequence first the code that reflects the highest degree of burn when more than one burn is present
➢ When the reason for the admission or encounter is for treatment of external multiple burns,
sequence first the code that reflects the burn of the highest degree
➢ When a patient has both internal and external burns, the circumstances of admission govern the
selection of the principal diagnosis or first-listed diagnosis
➢ When a patient is admitted for burn injuries and other related conditions such as smoke
inhalation and/or respiratory failure, the circumstances of admission govern the selection of the
principal or first-listed diagnosis
33. Burn and Corrosion Coding Tips
Burns of the same anatomic site
➢ Burns of the same anatomic site and on the same side but of different degrees to the subcategory identifying the highest degree recorded
in the diagnosis
➢ e.g., for second and third degree burns of right thigh, assign only code T24.311-.
Non-healing burns
➢ Non-healing burns are coded as acute burns
➢ Necrosis of burned skin should be coded as a non-healed burn
Infected burn
➢ For any documented infected burn site, use an additional code for the infection
Assign separate codes for each burn site
➢ When coding burns, assign separate codes for each burn site
➢ Category T30, Burn and corrosion, body region unspecified is extremely vague and should rarely be used. Codes for burns of “multiple
sites” should only be assigned when the medical record documentation does not specify the individual sites
34. Rule of Nine
The size of a burn can be quickly estimated by using the "rule of nines"
This method divides the body's surface area into percentages
➢ Head and neck -9%
➢ Each arm - 9%
➢ Each leg - 18%
➢ Anterior trunk - 18%
➢ Posterior trunk - 18%
➢ Genitalia - 1%
➢ Providers may change these percentage assignments where necessary
to accommodate infants and children who have proportionately larger
heads than adults, and patients who have large buttocks, thighs, or
abdomen that involve burns
35. Extent of Body Surface Involved
➢ Assign codes from category T31, Burns classified according to extent of body surface involved, or T32, Corrosions
classified according to extent of body surface involved, for acute burns or corrosions when the site of the burn or
corrosion is not specified or when there is a need for additional data
➢ It is advisable to use category T31 as additional coding when needed to provide data for evaluating burn mortality, such
as that needed by burn units
➢ It is also advisable to use category T31 as an additional code for reporting purposes when there is mention of a third-
degree burn involving 20 percent or more of the body surface
➢ Codes from categories T31 and T32 should not be used for sequelae of burns or corrosions
➢ There is an instructional note stating codes from Category T31 and T32 should be used as the primary diagnosis only when the
site of the burn or corrosion is unspecified
➢ When the site of the burn or corrosion is known, a code from T31 or T32 should be used as a supplementary code to T20-T25
➢ Categories T31 and T32 are based on the classic “rule of nines”
36. Sequela of burns
Encounters for treatment of sequela of burns
➢ Encounters for the treatment of the late effects of burns or corrosions (i.e., scars or joint contractures)
should be coded with a burn or corrosion code with the 7th character “S” for sequela
Sequelae with a late effect code and current burn
➢ When appropriate, both a code for a current burn or corrosion with 7th character “A” or “D” and a burn
or corrosion code with 7th character “S” may be assigned on the same record (when both a current
burn and sequelae of an old burn exist)
➢ Burns and corrosions do not heal at the same rate and a current healing. wound may still exist with
sequela of a healed burn or corrosion
37. Burn - Case Study
Patient referred for minor first-degree burns to multiple sites of her right and
left hands as well as severe smoke inhalation. While she was sleeping at
home, a candle on her dresser lit the bedroom curtains on fire.
T59.811A - Toxic effect of smoke, accidental (unintentional), initial encounter
J70.5 - Respiratory conditions due to smoke inhalation
T23.191A - Burn of first degree of multiple sites of right wrist and hand, initial encounter
T23.192A - Burn of first degree of multiple sites of left wrist and hand, initial encounter
T31.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface
X08.8XXA - Exposure to other specified smoke, fire and flames, initial encounter
Y99.8 - Other external cause status
Y92.003 - Bedroom of unspecified non-institutional (private) residence as the place of
occurrence of the external cause
Y93.84 - Activity, sleeping
38. Burn - Case Study
A patient presents to the emergency department after being burned in a house fire. The
emergency department physician’s documentation indicates the patient has first-, second-,
and third-degree burns on his upper back, first- and second-degree burns on his left palm,
and second- and third-degree burns on his left upper arm. A patient has burns on 75 percent
of his body surface.
Approximately 1/3 (33 percent) of his body surface are third-degree burns.
T21.33XA - Burn of third degree of upper back, initial encounter
T22.332A - Burn of third degree of left upper arm, initial encounter
T23.252A - Burn of second degree of left palm, initial encounter
T31.73 - Burns involving 70-79% of body surface with 30-39% third-degree burns
39. Burn - Case Study
Female patient seen for second-degree burn to the left ear; she
also has significant scarring on her left elbow from a third-degree
burn from childhood
T20.212A - Burn of second degree of left ear [any part, except ear drum], initial
encounter
T32.0 - Burns involving less than 10% of body surface
L90.5 - Scar conditions and fibrosis of skin
T22.322S - Burn of third degree of left elbow, sequela
40. Corrosion - Case Study
Patient seen for dressing change after he accidentally spilled acetic acid on
himself two days ago. The second-degree burns to his right thigh, covering
about 3 percent of his body surface, are healing appropriately
T54.2X1D - Toxic effect of corrosive acids and acid-like substances, accidental
(unintentional), subsequent encounter
T24.611D - Corrosion of second degree of right thigh, subsequent encounter
T32.0 - Corrosions involving less than 10% of body surface
41. Adverse Effects, Poisoning, Underdosing and Toxic Effects
❑ Codes in categories T36-T65 are combination codes that include the substance that was taken as well as
the intent
❑ No additional external cause code is required for poisonings, toxic effects, adverse effects and
underdosing codes
➢ Do not code directly from the Table of Drugs
➢ Use as many codes as necessary to describe
➢ If the same code would describe the causative agent for more than one adverse reaction, poisoning, toxic effect
or underdosing, assign the code only once
➢ If two or more drugs, medicinal or biological substances: If multiple unspecified drugs, medicinal or biological
substances were taken, assign subcategory T50.91, Poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of multiple
unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances
42. Adverse Effects
➢ Adverse effects are side effects of a drug which is correctly prescribed and properly administered
➢ While coding an adverse effect of a drug, the coder should assign the most appropriate code that
supports the nature of the adverse effect (the toxicity code), followed by a second code for the
adverse effect (the symptom or condition) as a result of the drug
➢ The code for the drug should have a 5th or 6th character “5” (for example T36.0X5-)
➢ Examples of the nature of an adverse effect are tachycardia, delirium, gastrointestinal
hemorrhaging, vomiting, hypokalemia, hepatitis, renal failure, or respiratory failure
43. Adverse Effects - Case Study
A seven-year-old boy presents to pediatric office with vomiting due to
Benadryl. Mother administered the proper dosage
R11.10 - vomiting
T45.0X5A - Adverse effect of antiallergic and
antiemetic drugs, initial encounter
44. Poisoning
➢ Improper use of a medication is considered a poisoning such as overdosing, wrong route of administration, or wrong substance given
➢ While coding for poisoning the coder should first assign the most appropriate code from categories T36-T50
➢ These codes include a 5th or 6th character which describes the intent of the poisoning, such as accidental, intentional, assault, or
unknown
➢ If the intent of the poisoning is unknown or unspecified, code the intent as accidental intent
➢ The undetermined intent is only for use if the documentation in the record specifies that the intent cannot be determined
➢ Coders should also remember to apply the 7th character to describe the encounter:
➢ A = Initial encounter
➢ D = Subsequent encounter
➢ S = Sequela
➢ If the documentation indicates there is abuse or dependence of a substance, then an additional code for this diagnosis should be assigned
45. Examples of Poisoning include
Error was made in drug prescription
➢ Errors made in drug prescription or in the administration of the drug by provider, nurse, patient, or other person
Overdose of a drug intentionally taken
➢ If an overdose of a drug was intentionally taken or administered and resulted in drug toxicity, it would be coded as a
poisoning
Nonprescribed drug taken with correctly prescribed and properly administered drug
➢ If a nonprescribed drug or medicinal agent was taken in combination with a correctly prescribed and properly
administered drug, any drug toxicity or other reaction resulting from the interaction of the two drugs would be classified
as a poisoning
Interaction of drug(s) and alcohol
➢ When a reaction results from the interaction of a drug(s) and alcohol, this would be classified as poisoning
46. Poisoning - Case Study
A patient was found unconscious by a family member. It was determined that
the patient took an overdose of Methadone and is in Coma. Patient is
dependence to methadone for the past 3 years.
T40.3X1A - Poisoning by methadone, accidental (unintentional),
initial encounter
R40.20 - Unspecified coma
F11.20 - Opioid dependence
47. Underdosing
➢ Under-dosing includes both taking less of the medication than what was prescribed and stopping
the medication without direction of the physician
➢ While coding of under-dosing the coder should assign the most appropriate code from categories
T36-T50
➢ Codes for the under-dosing should never be sequenced as the primary condition
➢ Instead, the patient’s condition for taking the medication or the patient’s exacerbation of the
medical condition should be coded first
➢ Additional codes for non-compliance (Z91.12_, Z91.13_ and Z91.14_) or complication (Y63.6 –
Y63.9) should be reported if the intent of the under-dosing is known
48. Underdosing - Case study
A 24-year-old type 1 diabetic male treated in for hyperglycemia; insulin pump found
to be malfunctioning and underdosing.
T85.614A - Breakdown (mechanical) of insulin pump, initial encounter
T38.3X6A - Underdosing of insulin and oral hypoglycemic [antidiabetic] drugs, initial
encounter
E10.65 - Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia
49. Toxic Effects
➢ A Toxic Effect occurs when a harmful substance is ingested or comes in contact with a person
➢ These substances include chemicals, organic solvents like petroleum, corrosive substances,
household items like soap and cleaners, metals such as lead and mercury, and gases, fumes,
vapors, venom, and even animal or plants like seafood and mushrooms
➢ These toxic effect codes are found in categories T51-T65
➢ Toxic effect codes have an associated intent: accidental, intentional self-harm, assault and
undetermined
50. Toxic Effects - Case Study
Paramedics arrived at a trail head of a local mountain trail, after a 911 call from a
hiker who had been bitten by a rattlesnake on the left ankle. The patient had left
foot numbness and was nauseous.
T63.011A - Toxic effects of rattlesnake venom, accidental (unintentional)
R20.2 - Paresthesia of skin
R11.0 - Nausea without vomiting
51. Summary
Condition & Definition Coding
Adverse effect
Drug has been correctly prescribed & properly administered.
❖ Nature of the adverse effect( tachycardia, Delirium, etc)
❖ Adverse effect (T36-T50 with 5th or 6th character 5)
Poisoning
Improper use of drug
❖ Poisoning code (T36-T50). The 5th or 6th character
identifies the associated intent
❖ All manifestations of poisoning
❖ Abuse or dependence of the substance (if applicable)
Underdosing
Taking less of a medication than is prescribed by a provider or a
manufacturer's instruction
❖ Condition caused by the underdosing
❖ Underdosing code (T36-T50 with 5th or 6th character 6)
❖ Noncompliance (Z91.12-, Z91.13-) or complication of care
(Y63.6-Y63.9) codes, if known
Toxic effects
When a harmful substance is ingested or comes in contact with a
person
sequence first the appropriate abuse, neglect and other abuse,
neglect and other and other maltreatment injury code(s)
❖ Toxic effect code (T51-T65)
❖ These codes include associated intent
52. Complications Of Care
Pain due to medical devices
➢ Pain associated with devices, implants or grafts left in a surgical site (for example painful hip
prosthesis) is assigned to the appropriate code(s) found in Chapter 19, Injury, poisoning, and
certain other consequences of external causes
➢ Specific codes for pain due to medical devices are found in the T code section of the ICD-10-CM
➢ Use additional code(s) from category G89 to identify acute or chronic pain due to presence of the
device, implant or graft (G89.18 or G89.28)
53. Complications Of Care – Case Study
Chronic left breast pain secondary to breast implant.
T85.848A - Pain due to other internal prosthetic devices, implants
and grafts, initial encounter
N64.4 - Mastodynia
G89.28 - Other chronic postprocedural pain
54. Transplant Complications
Transplant complications other than kidney
➢ Codes under category T86, Complications of transplanted organs and tissues, are for use for both
complications and rejection of transplanted organs
➢ A transplant complication code is only assigned if the complication affects the function of the transplanted
organ
➢ Two codes are required to fully describe a transplant complication:
o the appropriate code from category T86 and
o a secondary code that identifies the complication
➢ Pre-existing conditions or conditions that develop after the transplant are not coded as complications unless
they affect the function of the transplanted organs
55. Kidney Transplant Complications
➢ Patients who have undergone kidney transplant may still have some form of chronic
kidney disease (CKD) because the kidney transplant may not fully restore kidney function
➢ Code T86.1- should be assigned for documented complications of a kidney transplant,
such as transplant failure or rejection or other transplant complication
➢ Code T86.1- should not be assigned for post kidney transplant patients who have chronic
kidney (CKD) unless a transplant complication such as transplant failure or rejection is
documented
➢ If the documentation is unclear as to whether the patient has a complication of the
transplant, query the provider
➢ Conditions that affect the function of the transplanted kidney, other than CKD, should be
assigned a code from subcategory T86.1, Complications of transplanted organ, Kidney,
and a secondary code that identifies the complication
56. Kidney Transplant Complications – Case Study
Patient seen for chronic kidney disease stage 2; history of
successful kidney transplant with no complications identified.
N18.2 - Chronic kidney disease, stage 2 (mild)
Z94.0 - Kidney transplant status
57. Complication Codes that include the external cause
➢ As with certain other T codes, some of the complications of care codes have the external cause
included in the code
➢ The code includes the nature of the complication as well as the type of procedure that caused
the complication
➢ No external cause code indicating the type of procedure is necessary for these codes
58. Complications of care within the body system chapters
➢ Intraoperative and postprocedural complication codes are found within the body system chapters
with codes specific to the organs and structures of that body system
➢ These codes should be sequenced first, followed by a code(s) for the specific complication, if
applicable
➢ Complication codes from the body system chapters should be assigned for intraoperative and
postprocedural complications (e.g., the appropriate complication code from chapter 9 would be
assigned for a vascular intraoperative or postprocedural complication) unless the complication is
specifically indexed to a T code in chapter 19
59. Complications of care within the body system chapters – Case study
Postprocedural cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the left
middle cerebral artery due to cardiac surgery.
I97.820 - Postprocedural cerebrovascular infarction following
cardiac surgery
I63.512 - Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or
stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
60. Summary
➢ Assign the appropriate 7th character by analyzing the document
➢ Code the highest level of injury alone
➢ Check the type of fracture & encounter type
➢ Code the appropriate degree of burns & extent of body surface
➢ Check the appropriate effect of drugs & intent of administrations of drugs
➢ Code the complication of transplants, Ostomy & amputations if any documented in record
