Am sharing this slide which i have presented in CMC as a 20 minutes of class presentation . This includes All the acts legislation and actions taken by Britishers for Indian health system. Starting from Quarantine act to Drugs regulation act.

1. EVOLUTION OF HEALTH
POLICIES(pre independence)
Kirtti (MPH)
CMC,VELLORE

2. INTRODUCTION
 According to WHO ,Health policy refers to decisions,
plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific
health care goals within a society.
 An explicit health policy can achieve several things: it
defines a vision for the future which in turn helps to
establish targets and points of reference for the short and
medium term. It outlines priorities and the expected roles
of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs
people.

3. Public Health in
British India

4. Time line
 1825-The Quarantine Act was promulgated. 1825
 1859-A Royal Commission was appointed
 1864-Sanitary Commissioners were appointed .
 1869-A Public Health Commissioner and a Statistical Officer were appointed .
 1873-A Birth and Death Registration Act was promulgated.
 1880-The Vaccination Act was passed. 1880
 1881-The first Indian Factories Act was passed; the first all-India Census was
taken
 1885-The Local Self-Government Act was passed; Local Bodies came into
existence.
 1896- Plauge commission

5.  1897-The Epidemic Diseases Act was promulgated.
 1904- The Plague Commission in its report recommended the
reorganization and expansion of public health departments and
establishment of laboratory facilities for research, and production of
vaccines and sera
 1909-The Central Malaria Bureau was founded at Kasauli. 1909
 1911- The Indian Research Fund Association (now l.C.M.R.)
 1912-The Government of India decided to help the local bodies with
grants, and also sanctioned the appointment of Deputy Sanitary
Commissioners and Health Officers.
 1918-The Lady Reading Health School, Delhi was established. The Nutrition
Research Laboratory was established at Coonoor.
 1919 :The Montague-Chelmsford Constitutional Reforms

6.  1920-21 Municipality and Local Board Acts, containing legal provisions
for the advancement of public health were passed in several provinces.
 1923-Workman compensation act 1923
 1930-The All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta was
established with aid from the Rockefeller Foundation. The Child
Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda Act) came into.
 1931- A Maternity and Child Welfare Bureau was established under the
Indian Red Cross Society.
 1935- The Government of India Act
 1937- The Central Advisory Board of Health was set up with the Public
Health Commissioner.
 1939- The Madras Public Health Act was passed
 1940 The Drugs Act was passed, and drugs were brought under control
for the first time.

7.  1943 -The Health Survey and Development Committee (Bhore Committee)
 1946 The Bhore Committee submitted its report.

8. A ROYAL COMMISSION 1859
 It was to investigate the causes of the extremely unsatisfactory
condition of health in the British Army stationed in India.
 The Committee recommended the establishment of a 'Commission of
Public Health' and pointed out the need for the protection of water
supplies, construction of drains and prevention of epidemics in the
civil population for safeguarding the health of the British Army.

9.  Sanitary Commissioners were appointed in the three major provinces-
Bombay, Madras and Bengal. The Civil Surgeons/District Medical
Officers· became ex-officio District Health Officers. 1864
 A Public Health Commissioner and a Statistical Officer were appointed
with the Government of India.1869
 A Birth and Death Registration Act was promulgated 1873

10. THE VACCINATION ACT, 1880
 An Act to give power to prohibit inoculation and to make the
vaccination of children compulsory in certain Municipalities and
Cantonments
 This Act may be called the Vaccination Act, 1880 : and it shall apply
only to such municipalities and cantonments situate in [the Punjab,
the Northwest Frontier and the district of Sylhet
http://smalawyers.in/pdf/316121The%20vaccination%20Act%2018
80.pdf

11. Interpretation clause
 Municipal Commissioner, parent, guardian, unprotected child, inoculation,
vaccination circle, vaccinator, vaccination season.

12. The first Indian Factories Act 1881
 In 1875, the first committee appointed to inquire into the conditions
of factory work favored legal restriction in the form of factory laws.
 The first Factories Act was adopted in 1881. The Factory Commission
was appointed in 1885.
 "The same set of hands, men and women, worked continuously day
and night for eight consecutive days. Those who went away for the
night returned at three in the morning to make sure of being in time
when the doors opened at 4 a.m., and for 18 hours' work, from 4 a.m.
to 10 p.m., three or four annas was the wage.
http://indohistory.com/the_first_factories_act.html

13.  The Local Self-Government Act 1885
 The Government of India directed that sanitation should be looked
after by the local bodies, but no · local public health staff was
created to look after sanitation. 1888
 A severe epidemic of plague occurred in India which awakened . the
Government to the urgent need of improving public health. The
Plague Commission was appointed. 1896

14. 1897: The Epidemic Diseases Act
 An Act to provides for power to exercise for the control and to prevent any epidemic or
spread of epidemic in the states or countries.
 Person inspecting is empower to determine the process and authority to take
responsibility up all expenses, travelling temporary accommodation segregation of
infected person etc.
 The state gv. Can authorize District Magistrate for transportation of infected person
during epidemic.
 The state or central gv. take measures for the inspection of any ship leaving or arriving
at any port in the territories.
 Any violation punishable under sec.188 of IPC

15. 1911 The Indian Research Fund
Association (now l.C.M.R.)
 The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, the apex
body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of
biomedical research.
 The ICMR has always attempted to address itself to the growing
demands of scientific advances in biomedical research on the one
hand, and to the need of finding practical solutions to the health
problems of the country, on the other. The ICMR has come a long way
from the days when it was known as the IRFA, but the Council is
conscious of the fact that it still has miles to go in pursuit of scientific
achievements as well as health targets.
 1911
 -First meeting of the Governing Body of the Indian Research Fund
Association (IRFA) was held on November 15, 1911 (at the Plague
Laboratory, Bombay, under the Chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler).

16. THE MONTAGUE-CHELMSFORD REFORMS
AND GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1919
 The transfer of public health, sanitation and vital statistics to the
provinces under the control of an elected minister. This was the first
step towards decentralization of health administration in India.
The main provisions were:
 The secretary of state would control affairs relating to Government of
India
 The Central Legislature would comprise two chambers- The Council of
State and the Indian Legislative Assembly
 The Central Legislature was empowered to enact laws on any matter
for whole of India.

17.  The Governor General was given powers to summon, prorogue, dissolve
the Chambers, and to promulgate Ordinances.
 The number of Indians in Viceroy's Executive Council would be three
out of eight members.
 Establishment of bicameral Provincial Legislative councils.
 Diarchy in the Provinces-
 Reserved subjects like Finance, Law and Order, Army, Police etc.
 Transferred subjects like Public Health, Education, Agriculture,
Local Self-government etc.
 There would henceforth be direct election and an extension of
Communal franchise.
Madan Mohan Malaviya (2009). A criticism of Montagu-Chelmsford proposals of Indian
constitutional reform. Chintamani. Columbia University Libraries Collection. pp. 1-8

18. THE WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION ACT,
1923
 The Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 provides for payment of
compensation to workmen and their dependents in case of injury and
accident (including certain occupational disease) arising out of and in
the course of employment and resulting in disablement or death.
 The Act applies to railway servants and persons employed in Schedule
II of the Act. The schedule II includes persons employed in factories,
mines, plantations, mechanically propelled vehicles, construction
works and certain other hazardous occupations.
 The amount of compensation to be paid depends on the nature of the
injury and the average monthly wages and age of workman.

19. The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Sarda
Act)
 Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 passed on 28 September 1929 in the
British India Legislature of India
 This act prohibits prohibited the marriage below 18 and 14 for boys
and girls respectively.
 It is popularly known as the Sarda Act, after its sponsor Harbilas
Sarda.

20.  The Government of India Act, 1935 revitalized the 19l9 Act, giving
greater autonomy to the provinces. All the health activities in the
country were grouped in three lists-federal, concurrent and provincial
under the control of Central, Central-cum-Provincial and Provincial
Governments respectively. 1935
 1937 The Central Advisory Board of Health was set up with the Public
Health Commissioner as Secretary and representatives from the
provinces and Indian States as members, to coordinate the public
health activities in the country.

21. Madras Public Health Act 1939
 An Act to make provision for advancing the Public Health of the
(State) of Madras.
 It extends to the whole of the Malabar District and the Kasaragod
taluk of South Kanara district .

22. 1940 The Drugs Act
 This is an act to regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and
sales of drug, it extends to the whole of India.
 ensure that the drugs and cosmetics sold in India are safe, effective
and conform to state quality standards.
 The related Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 contains provisions for
classification of drugs under given schedules and there are guidelines
for the storage, sale, display and prescription of each schedule
1.Dr. Lily Srivastava. Law & MedicineUniversal Law Publishing. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-81-7534-949-0
2. Pillay (30 November 2012). Modern Medical Toxicology. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 30. ISBN 978-93-
5025-965-8 Retrieved 22 February 2015

23. Bhore committee
 1943 The Health Survey and Development Committee (Bhore
Committee) was appointed by the Government of India to survey the
existing position in regard to health conditions and health
organization in the country, and to make recommendations for the
future development.
 Integration of preventive and curative services of all administrative
levels.
 Short-term measure – one primary health center as suggested for a
population of 40,000. Each PHC was to be manned by 2 doctors, one
nurse, four public health nurses, four midwives, four trained dais, two
sanitary inspectors, two health assistants, one pharmacist and fifteen
other class IV employees. Secondary health Centre was also envisaged
to provide support to PHC, and to coordinate and supervise their
functioning.

24.  A long-term programme (also called the 3 million plan) of setting up
primary health units with 75 – bedded hospitals for each 10,000 to 20,000
population and secondary units with 650 – bedded hospital, again regionalized
around district hospitals with 2500 beds.
 3. Major changes in medical education which includes 3 - month training in
preventive and social medicine to prepare “social physicians”.

25. THNAKS .