This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate through examining behavior genetics and the interaction between heredity and environment. It describes twin and adoption studies used in behavior genetics to determine the influence of genetics and environment. Specifically, it outlines different types of heredity-environment correlations and how shared and non-shared environments can impact siblings differently. The document also discusses epigenetics and gene-environment interactions, providing examples of these concepts. Finally, it briefly touches on the importance of genetics, examples of genetic disorders, and the difference between single gene, chromosomal, and multifactorial genetic disorders.

1. The Nature – Nurture Debate
Presented By
Athira
Rajeev
Heredity & Environment Interaction

2. The Heredity And Environment
interact to produce individual
differences in development

3. Lets go through….
 Behavior genetics
 Heredity-Environment Correlations
 Shared And NonShared
Environment Experiences
 The Epigenetic View And Gene
Environment (G E ) Interaction

4. Behavior Genetics
 The field that seeks to discover the
influence of heredity and
environment on individuals
differences in human traits and
development
 It figure out what is responsible for
the differences among people
 It can be of two types
Twin Study

5. Twin Study
 A study in which the
behavioral similarity of
identical twins is
compared with the
behavioral similarity of
fraternal twins
 Identical twins – It
develop from a single
fertilized egg that splits
into two genetically
identical organisms.
 Fraternal Twins – It
develops from separate

6. Fraternal Twins share the same
womb they are no more
genetically alike than brothers
or sisters.
Identical twins are more similar
genetically than fraternal twins

7. Adoption Study
 A study in which investigators seek to discover
whether, in the behavior and psychological
characteristics, adopted children are more like their
adoptive parents who provided a home environment
than their biological parents who contributed their
heredity
 Adoption study compares adoptive and biological
siblings

8. Heredity- Environment
Correlations
Passive genotype- Environment
correlations
Evocative genotype –
Environment correlations
Active ( Niche Picking )
genotype- Environment
correlations

9. HEREDITY
ENVIRONMENT
CORRELATION
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES
PASSIVE
Children inherit genetic
tendencies from their
parents and parents also
provides an environment
that matches their own
genetics tendencies
Musically inclined parents
usually have musically
inclined children and they
are likely to provide an
environment rich in music
for the children
EVOCATIVE
The child's genetic
tendencies elicit
stimulation from the
environment that supports
a particular triat.Thus
genes evoke
environmental support
A happy, outgoing child
elicits smiles and friendly
responses from others.
ACTIVE(NICHE
PICKING)
Children actively seek out
“niches” in their
environment that reflect
their own interests and
talents and are thus in
Libraries , sports fields ,
and a store with musical
instruments are examples
of environmental niches
children might seek out if

10. Shared And Non shared
Environmental Experiences
 Shared environmental experiences  Siblings
common environmental experiences, such as
their parents personalities and intellectual
orientation, the family’s social economics
status , and the neighborhood in which they
live
 Non Shared Environmental Experiences
The child’s own unique experiences, both with
in the family and outside the family, that are
not shared by another sibling. Thus
experiences occurring within the family can be
part of the “non shared environmental

11. Tennis Stars
Serena
Williams
And
Venus
Williams

12. The Epigenetic View
 The epigenetic view proposed by Gill
Gottlieb states that development the
result of an ongoing, bidirectional
interchange between heredity and the
environment.
 Heredity
Environment

13. Gene Environment (G E)
 The interaction of a specific measured variation in
the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the
environment
 It is proposed by CASPI and others, 2010
 The field of pharmacogenetics is the study of
gene-environment interactions involving the
individuals genotype and drug treatment .
 The goal of pharmacogenetics is to discover if
certain drugs are safer or more dangerous to use
if the individual’s genotype is known

14. IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC
FACTORS
Genetic factors are essential in the
make up of an organism. An abnormality in any
one of the genetic factors can end up in
disastrous results. So, for the proper
development of an organism, the proper and
efficient make up of genetic factors plays a key
role.

15. GENETIC DISORDERS
A genetic disorder is a disease that is
caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA.
Abnormalities can range from a small mutation in
a single gene to the addition or subtraction of an
entire chromosome or set of chromosomes

16. SINGLE GENE DISORDERS
These disorders result when a mutation
causes the protein product of a single gene to be
altered or missing. Eg: Phenylketonuria, sickle
cell anemia, Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency Syndrome, cystic fibrosis, etc.

17. CHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES
In these disorders, entire chromosomes,
or large segments of them, are missing,
duplicated, or otherwise altered. Eg: Klinefelter
syndrome, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome,
Cri-du-chat syndrome, etc.

18. MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDERS
Multifactorial disorders result from
mutations in multiple genes, often coupled with
environmental causes. Eg: Hypothyroidism, colon
cancer, ovarian cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.

19. Down
Syndrome
Klinfelters
syndrome

20. THANK
YOU…….