3. Rafael Correa Delgado
ECUADOR MAMALLAKTA APUK RIKSICHIKYUYAY
Raúl Vallejo Corral
ECUADOR MAMALLAKTAPI YACHAYTA PUSHAK Ecuador mamallaktapika Ishkayshimi Kawsaypura Yachaytami
Gloria Vidal Illingworth runakunapa tukuy shimikunata ashtawan sinchiyachinkapak
ECUADOR MAMALLAKTAPI YACHAYTA KATYPY PUSHAK wiñachishkanchik.
Pablo Cevallos Estarellas
KILLKASHKATA ALLICHIKKUNA 1988 watamantami Kichwa rimayta sinchiyachishpa
Ariruma Kowii katimushkanchik. Chaymantami tawka kichwa kamuta yachachina
YACHAYMANTA TINKUY APUK shuktak hillaykunatapash rurashpa shamukushkanchik. Kunan
Alberto Guapizaca pachapika kichwa shimitaka Punasuyupi, Antisuyupi, Kuntisuyupi
ECUADOR MAMALLAKTAPI ISHKAYSHIMIPI KAWSAYPURA YACHAYTA apak mashikuna KAMAK ukupi tantanakushpa rimanakushpa ari
PUSHAKKAMAY
ninakushpami sinchiyachishkanchik.
Luis Alberto Conejo
KAY KAMUPI YANAPAK MIRACHIK RIKUK
Kunan watakunapika, Punasuyu tiksi yachaypak KICHWA YACHAY
TANTACHISHPA KILLKAKUNA, PUjILí, NOvIEMbRE 2007: KUKAYU PEDAGOGICO kamukunata rurashkanchik, kay kamukunaka
Bartolo Bolívar Andi (Napo), Bernardo Chango Jérez (Tungurahua), Cristóbal Quishpe
(Cotopaxi), Bolívar Calapucha Tapuy, (Pastaza), Jaime Chimbo Aguinda (Sucumbíos), yachakukkunapa yachachikkunapa pushakkunapa makipimi kan,
José Caiza Caiza, Kléber Campaña Carrasco (Tungurahua), kay yachaykunata sinchiyachinapakmi kichwa kamachik kamuka
María Cunduri Cunduri (Chimborazo), Segundo Apolinario Ajitimbay C. (Chimborazo)
achka mutsushka rikurin.
KAMAK WANKURIMANTA MINKASHKA MASHIKUNA, bAñOS, DICIEMbRE DE 2008
Bernardo Chango Jerez (Tungurahua), Bolivar Alfredo Calapucha Tapuy (Pastaza),
Delia Aurora Vacacela Medina, (Zamora Chinchipe), Edgar Guashca Tulmo (Cotopaxi), Shina kashkamantami KAMAK tantariyka kay KICHWA SHIMI YACHAY
Francisco Marcalla Ainaguano (Tungurahua), Gabriel Pedro Alvarado Andy (Napo), kamutaka, yanapak kamukunapi tiksiyarishpa, kikin yachaykunawan
Gerardo Mullo Cepeda (Costa y Galápagos), Gonzalo Díaz Cajas (Imbabura),
Jaime José Chimbo Aguinda (Sucumbios), José Caiza Caiza (DINEIB), sinchiyachishpa killkashkanchik. Kay kamuka pichkaniki tantachi
Luis Alberto Conejo Arellano (DINEIB), María Asunción Vacacela Lozano (Loja), yachaytami charin:
María Laura Masapanta Cobacango (Pichincha) Mariano Lorenzo Jipa Santi (Orellana),
Pedro Ayme Naula (Chimborazo), Segundo Apolinario Ajitimbay Cruz (Chimborazo)
Shukniki tantachi yachaypika, ñukanchikpa shimi imashina
Carlos Alberto Cortez
cortez544@hotmail.com wiñarikushkamanta, kunan punchakama shukyarishpa
KAMUCHIK shamukushkata, shinallatak allikillkaypak mutshurik yuyaykunatami
Paul Mejía Benavides churashkanchik.
RIKCHA
Subsecretaría de Calidad Ishkayniki tantachiyachaypika, uyay awariymantami rimakun,
Subsecretaría de Educación para el Diálogo Intercultural kaypika, uyantinkunata uyaywakunatami chikan rimaykunawan
KILLKASHKATA ALLICHIKKUNA
rikurishkata shuk shinalla killkanatapash willakun, shinallatak,
Colección Runakay Serie Gramatica - Primera edición shimikikuna awarishkatapashmi rikuchin.
Quito, Febrero de 2010
Hecho e impreso en Ecuador
4 5
4. Kimsaniki tantachiyachaypika rikchay awariymantami
rimakun, chaypika, sapikuna, shuti, shutilli, shutiranti, imachik,
WILLAK
imallichikkunapash imashina kashkamanta, imashina yuyaypi La presente gramática de la lengua kichwa se ha elaborado en el
rikurishkanatami rikuchin. marco de las políticas lingüísticas para la Educación Intercultural
Bilingüe, implementadas por el Gobierno de la Revolución
Chuskuniki tantachiyachaypika yaparik shimikunamantami achkata Ciudadana para dar cumplimiento al mandato constitucional
killkashkata rimakun, kay shimikukuna imata rikuchik kashkatapash que tiene como fin el fortalecimiento de la interculturalidad y la
revalorización de las lenguas y culturas ancestrales del Ecuador.
shuk shuk yuyaykunawan churashpami rikuchishka kan.
La “Gramática Pedagógica Kichwa” es el fruto de varios años de
Pichkaniki tantachiy yachayka, chay awarimantami rikuchin, kaypika, trabajo y de la experiencia acumulada de maestros, especialistas
yuyaykikuna imashina awarishkamanta, imak, paktachik, imachikpash y miembros del pueblo kichwa en general, quienes no han dudado
awarishkamanta; shinallatak, chay samikunamantami rikuchin. en participar en reuniones y talleres en los cuales se ha discutido
ampliamente los temas que se desarrollan en este texto.
Shina kashkamantaka kay sumak kamuta kikinkunapa makipimi
churapanchik, munaywan kuyaywan ñukanchikpa shimita La elaboración de gramáticas de todas las lenguas ancestrales del
sinchiyachishpa katipashunchik. Ecuador es un objetivo a mediano plazo del Sistema de Educación
Intercultural Bilingüe, ya que estos trabajos constituyen un
compendio escrito de la estructura de cada una de ellas y apoyarán
Killkakkuna
notablemente los procesos educativos de los jóvenes y adultos de
las nacionalidades del país. De la misma manera, cualquier persona
interesada en el tema podrá disponer de dichos trabajos para
conocer este importante componente de los orígenes identitarios
de los habitantes del país
Es notable el esfuerzo que han desarrollado los autores para
presentar una obra escrita íntegramente en kichwa. Esto demanda
la utilización de vocabulario especializado nuevo y adaptaciones
conceptuales para expresar realidades que no existían en la
cultura ancestral de esta nacionalidad. La empresa intelectual tan
esforzada que pone de manifiesto la elaboración de esta gramática
tiene como objetivo no solamente apoyar el trabajo en las aulas,
sino además seguir introduciendo el kichwa en el ámbito de la lecto
escritura para promover su conservación y desarrollo.
Raúl Vallejo Corral
MINISTRO DE EDUCACIÓN
6 7
5. 1.1 Kichwashimi wiñaykawsay
Kichwa shimika Perú waylla kiwa pampakunapi kawsak runakuna
rimashka shimi kashka, chay runakunami Cusco llaktapi kawsak
runakunata chinchaysuyu runakunatapash yachachishka.
Chinchaysuyu runakunami kunan Ecuador mamallaktapi Antisuyu,
Kuntisuyupi kawsak runakunaman makiruraykunata, mikunakunata
katunarayku yachachishka, paykunaka 800 wata manarak
español runakuna chayamukpi, kichwa shimitaka kunan Ecuador
mamallaktapika churashka.
Español runakunaka inkapak shimi nishpami shutichishkakuna, shina
shutika, Domingo de Santo Tomás kamu nishkashinami kan. Paymi
1560 watapi kichwa shimitaka killkay kallarishka, kipaka runa shimi
shutiwanmi sakirishka.
Torero shimi amawtaka, inkakuna manarak kunan Ecuador
mamallaktaman chayamukpirakmi Kuntisuyu, Antisuyu llaktakunapi
kawsak runakunaka, kichwa shimitaka ña rimak kashka ninmi; kutin,
Kullasuyupika inkakunami rimak kashka ninmi. (Lucie de Vries,
1988).
Kunan punchakamanka tawka kichwa runakuna, wakin
mishukunapash kay shimitaka rimanchik, Ecuador mamallaktapi
shuktak hatun mamallaktakunapipash kichwa runapura rimashpa
hamutarinakunchik.
8 9
6. 1.2 Killkakunata alliyachishkamanta Punasuyupa iskun markakunamanta (Imbabura, Pichincha,
Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolívar, Chimborazo, Cañar, Azuay y
Ñukanchikpa kichwa shimika, kawsay marka runakunapak Loja), Ishkayshimi Kawsaypura yachaykunata alli apankapakmi
sumak shimimi kan. Ñawpa pachakunamantami kay shimika ña sarun watakunamanta tawka yachachina hillaykunata rurashpa
ayllullaktakunapi kawsamushka, shinapash wakin runakunaka, shamukushkanchik, chay ruraykunapimi shukshinalla killkanata
mishukunapa kawsaywan chakrurishka kashkamantaka mana mutsurishkanchik, chaymantami KAMAK ukupi rimanakushpa shuklla
chanishpa kunkarinata yuyakushkakunami. yuyayta surkunata munashkanchik.
Kay shimita sumakyachina yuyaywanmi ñukanchikka tukuy sami Shina yuyarishkamantaka, Riobamba kitipi, 2004 wata, pawkar killapa
ruraykunata apakushkanchik, shinami ñawpa watakunaman ña tawka 22 punchamanta 26 punchakaman, KAMAK (Kichwa Kamachik) ukupi
tantanakuykuna tiyashka. kak mashikuna rimanakushkanchik; sapan yachaykanchata pushak
mashikuna, markakunapi ishkayshimi, kawsaypura yachaykunata
Shukniki tantanakuyka Campamento Nueva Vida wasipimi, 1980 yanapak mashikuna, DINEIB ukumanta mashikuna, wakin yachachik
wata, ayriwakilla, 14-18 punchakunapi kashka; kaypika shukshinalla mashikunapash tantarinakushpami kichwa shimimantaka achkata
killkanatami yuyarinakushka. Shinami tawka sami kamuta killkashka. rimanakushkanchik, chaypika, kay yuyaykunatami tantachishpa
arinishkanchik.
Kipaka, ishkayniki tantanakuymi tiyashka, chay Tabacundo Kitipi,
1998 wata, sitwa killapa 21 punchapimi kashka. Shinallatak sumak 1.2.1 h/j Killkamanta.
yuyarinakuykunawanmi chunka pusak killkakunawan killkanata
yuyarishkakuna, kaykuna: a, k, ch, i, j, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y, Kichwa shimipi [x], [j], [h], [Ø] uyarikkunawan shimikunataka <h>
killkakunami kashka, shinallatak ts, z, killkakunataka kichwapa ñawpa killkawanmi killkana kan.
shimikunata killkankapakmi arininakushka. Tawka watakunami kay
yuyarinakushkawan killkashpa shamukushkanchik. Shina yuyarishkata rikushun:
Kay punchakunapika, ñukanchikpa shimita ashtawan allichinkapakmi • Abya Yala llaktakunapi kawsak Kichwa runakuna, pakta
kimsaniki tantanakuyta rurarkanchik. shuk samishinalla alli killkana kashkamanta.
• Wawakuna, shuktak shimi yachaypi, mana llakita charishpa,
Shinallatak tawka watakunami, ñukanchikpa shimi kamachikta, utka yachakuchun.
wiñachinata munarkanchik, chaymantami, kichwa runakunaka, • Ñawpa kamukuna <h> killkawan killkashka kashkamanta.
(Acuerdo Ministerial Nro. 330), Kichwa Kamachik tantariyta • Kunan pachapipash, wakin shimi amawtakunaka <h>
wiñachirkanchik. (KAMAK), español shimipika Academia de la Lengua killkawan kamukunata killkashkamanta.
Kichwa (ALKI) shutimi kan. • Español shimi uyarik, kichwa shimi uyarikwan ama pakta
kachun.
• <h> killkaka Kichwa shimipi uyarita charishkamanta,
10 11
7. Shina:
hatun, humpi, hunta, shuktakkunapash.
• Shuktak mamallakta shimikunapi <h> killkaka [j] uyariyta
charishkamanta.
a - apyu i - ichu u - uturunku
1.2.2 Shukshinalla killkanamanta1
Kay allichishkawanka shukshinalla killkashpa katinami mutsurin,
shinaka, Tabacundo kitipi, 1998 wata, sitwa killapa 21 punchapi
yuyarinakushka killkakunawan killkashpa ñawpakman katinatami
ch - chuspi h - hampatu k - kullki
yuyarishkanchik, shinapash, 18 kichwa llika killkapimi <j> killkapa
rantika <h> killkata churashka kan.
Shina:
Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
Uyantinkuna: k, ch, h, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, w, y.
l - lumucha ll - llaru m - mashu
n - nasti ñ - ñutku p - pachachik
r - rakacha s - sañu sh - shushuna
t - taptana w - wakamayu y - yawri
1
Shukshinalla killkmanta=escritura unificada
12 13
8. 1.2.3 Ñukanchikpa yachaykunamanta a. Kichwapika tukuy shimikunatami puchukay shimikipa
kamak wasikunamanta washapi tiyak shimipi sinchiyachishpa rimanchik, shina
kashkamantaka español shimipi tiyak ‘tilde’ unanchataka
Kunanmanta, tukuy kichwa llaktakunapi shukshinalla rimankapak mana killkanchikchu.
killkankapakpash, pushak wasikunata shinami shutichishkanchik: Shina:
1. Ecuador Mamallaktapa Ishkayshimi2, Kawsaypura3 Yachayta Ñuka, maki, muchiku, antawa, yachanawasi
Pushakkamay4.
2. Markapi Ishkayshimi, Kawsaypura Yachayta Pushakkamay. ch. Kichwa shimipika tapuk unanchakunaka (¿?) mana
(Dirección Provincial de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe tiyanchu, chaypak rantika –tak, –chu shimikukunawan, tapuk
shuktak markakunapa shutita churanallami kan. shutirantikunawapashmi tapunchik.
Shina:
1.2.4 Mushuk shimikunata alliyachishkamanta
-tak shimikuwan:
Yupaykamay, wiñaykawsay, allpamamakamay, pachamamakamay,
ukkukuyuykamay yachaykanchakunapami tawka mushuk shimikunata Kikinka maypitak kawsankapak rinki.
alliyachishkanchik; kaykunaka, hatun yachaykunapi, ñankamukunapi, Pitak wasimanka shamunka.
rikuchikkunapipashmi killkashka kan. Kay shimikunataka Payka mashna wawatatak charin.
markakunapi, ayllullaktakunapi, yachanawasikunapipash alli María mashitak pushamunki.
rimashpa, killkashpami sinchiyachina kanchik. (Kimirishka killka). Paytaka pitak kuyarka.
Kay tantanakuypi yuyarishkakunaka, 2004 wata, kuski killapa 16 -chu shimikuwan:
punchapi surkushka 244 yupay pankapi (Acuerdo Ministerial 244)
kamachishkami kan. Kay kamachik pankapika, Tabacundo llaktapi Chay warmichu kantaka kuyan.
yuyarishkakunatapash ari nishkami kan. Chay warmika kantachu kuyan.
Chay warmika kanta kuyanchu.
Shina kashkamantaka kay killkakunawanmi killkashpa katishun: a, k, Pay wawaka kamuta charinchu.
ch, i, h, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y, shinallatak, ts, z, Kay runaka allichu llankarka.
killkakunaka kichwapa ñawpa shimikunata killkankapakmi kan.
i. Shuk shimikipika, ishkay uyaywata tantachishpaka mana
1.3 Allikaypak mutsurik yuyaykuna killkanachu kan, chaymantami kichwa shimi killkaypika,
diptongo, hiato shimiki nishkaka mana tiyanchu.
Kichwa shimita alli killkanapakka, kaykunatami yachana
kanchik:
2
Ishkayshimi = bilingue Pushakkamay = dirección
4
3
Kawsaypura = intercultural
14 15
9. Diptongo tantariyka ishkay uyaywakuna, shuk paskarishka uyaywa, l. Wakin shimikuna gu, hu, uyaywakunawan rikurikpika /w/
shuk wichkashka uyaywawan tantarishkami kan, shinapash shuklla killkawanmi killkana kan.
uyarimi kan, shinami shua shimika [shua] uyarin, alli kichwata Shina:
rimakkunaka ishkay shimikiwanmi riman.
Shina: Shu-wa
Hiato, shimipash español shimipika shuk sinchichik aspita charin.
Shina:
María, kay aspika kichwa shimipika mana tiyachu.
Shina:
ll. Wakin shimikuna d, t, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi, rikurikpipash
/t/ killkawanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
h. Wakin shimikuna f, b, p uyantinwan uyarikpika, /p/
killkawanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
m. Wakin shimikuna j, x, h, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi,
rikurikpipash /h/ killkawanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
k. Wakin shimikuna c, g, q, k, uyantinkunawan uyarikpi,
rikurikpipash /k/ killkawanmi killkana kan.
Shina:
16 17
10. n. Maypitak /m/, /n/ uyantinkunawanka killkana kan. Español shimimanta mana kashpaka shuktak shimimanta mañashka
shimikunataka, paypak shimipi imashina kashkallatatakmi rimana
• Shimi paypak unanchata, mana shimikuta charik kakpika /m/ killkanapash kan.
uyantinwanmi killkana kan. Shina:
Shina:
• Payka Montecristi llaktapi hatun tantanakuytami charishka.
pampa, chumpi, chimpa, humpi • Ñukanchikka Baños kitipimi kichwa shimitaka allichirkanchik.
• Delia mamaka kichwa shimipi sumaktami riman.
• Maykan shimikuna /ra/, /sa/ shimikita puchukaypi • Ñukapa lima hillayka yapa rukumi kan.
charishpaka, paypak ñawpakpi /m/ uyantinwanmi kilkana • Ambato llaktapika achka mishki murukunami tiyan.
kan. • Guayaquil llaktapika achka shuwakunami tiyan.
Shina: • Colombia mamallaktamanta wakin mashikunaka, Ecuador
mamallaktamanmi shamunkuna.
wamra, kimsa, amsa
Español shimipi, kikin shutikunapi, shuktak mañashka
• Shimi sapi ñawpakpi shimikuta mutsurishpaka /n/ shimikunapika, mana kichwa shimikuta yapachinallachu kan,
uyantinwanmi killkana kan. chaypak rantika mañashka shimitami shuktak kichwa shimiwan
Shina: paktachina kanchik.
Shina:
kanpak, kikinpak, ñanpi
Shinapash, kay yachaykunaka killkankapakllami kan, rimaypika,
imashina kikin ayllullaktapi, mamallaktapi, suyupi rimanchik,
shinallatakmi rimana kanchik.
1.4 Kichwapi mañashka shimiyachay
Maykan kichwa shimikuna ñawpa killkakuna kamachikkunapi ña Shinapash, mana español shimikunata ashtawan hapishpa
churashka kakpika, shinallatakmi killkana kan. rimankapak killkankapakpash mushuk shimikunatami yachashpa
Shina: katina kanchik.
18 19
11. 1.5 Kichwapi -na, -y shimikumanta
Rimaypika, kay yuyaykunashinapashmi rimanchik:
kallariy, puriy, asiy, mikuy, tushuy shimikunaka -n; -y shimikuwanmi
killkana kan. Imamanta.
Kaykunamanta:
Imachikkunamanta –na tukurik shimikuta anchuchishpa –y
shimikuta churakpika kachachik shimikunami rikurin, shinallatak,
shutipashmi tukun.
Shina:
Shina:
Kallariy punchaka sumak yachaymi karka.
Kanka yachayta kallariypay.
Kallariy punchapika tukuymi karkanchik.
Pukllaytami ashtawan munani.
Paypa asiyka riksinallami.
Chay kuytsaka tushuysikimi kan.
20 21
12. 2.1 Uyariykancha5
Ñukanchik kichwa shimipash, tukuy shimikuna shinami kan.
Rimankapak, killkankapakpash uyaywa uyantinkunatami charin.
Kutin, uyaywakuna uyantinwan awarishpa shimiki tukun, shinallatak,
kaykuna awarishpaka shimimi tukun, kutin shimikuna awarishpaka
yuyaykunami llukshin.
Shina:
• Uyaywakuna: a, i, u.
• Uyantinkuna: p, t, ch, k, …
• Shimiki: pa, ta, pi, ku, ...
• Shimi: payta, tayta, kipu, ...
• Yuyaykuna: Ñukapa kuyashka warmika wasipimi
kawsan.
Chaymantaka “a, ch, i, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, u, w, y”
killkakunami kan, shinaka 18 killkawanmi “KICHWA LLIKA” tukun,
kayka uyaywakuna, uyantinkunapimi rakirin.
2.1.1 Uyaywakuna6
Uyaywakunaka, kikinllatakmi chikan chikan uyarita shutitapash
charin, shinaka “a, i, u” uyaywakunami kan.
u- uyaywaka shimi paskashka, (i, u) uyaywakunaka shimi ashalla
wichkashkapimi uyarin.
Shina:
Kimsamanyachipi uyaywa uyariy
5
Uyariykancha = fonología
6
Uyaywakuna = vocales
22 23
13. a uyaywata rimakpika shimimi ashtawan paskarin.
i uyaywata rimakpika shimimi wichkarin.
u uyaywata rimakpika shimi wirpami ñawpakman chutarin.
2.1.3 Uyarikanchata rikuchik millka
2.1.2 Uyantinkuna7
Kichwapa uyantikunaka mana achiklla uyaritachu charin, alli
uyarinkapakka uyaywakunatami mutsurin. Chaymantami “uyantin”
ninchik. Chaykunaka “ch, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, w, y”
8
uyantinkunami kan. Kutin “cha, ha, ka, la, lla, ma, na, ña, pa, ra, sa,
sha, ta, wa, ya, (za, tsa)” shutiwanmi sapallataka rimanchik.
Kichwa rimakkunaka ayllullaktapi, markapi, mamallaktapi, suyupipash
sapan sapantami rimanchik, chaymantami llaktarimaywan riksinchik,
chaytaka mana pipash kashnami rimana kanki ninkachu. Shinami
rimanchik:
Ñukanchik kichwa runakunaka sapan sapan llaktakunapi, markakunapi,
mamallaktakunapipash kawsanchik; shina kashkamantaka, kichwa
shimitaka shuktak shuktak uyariykunawanpash rimanchikllami,
kayshina rimaykunataka llaktarimay nishpa riksinchik.
7
Uyantinkuna = consonante
8
Wirpa = labial
24 25
15. 2.2 Shimikiyachay9
Shimikika, shimipi shuk uchilla uyariymi ashtawan sinchita uyarin,
shinaka uyaywa, tikray, paskashka, harkashka shimikikunami tiyan:
10 11
2.2.1 Uyaywa shimiki12
Kay shimikipika shuklla uyaywami shimiki tukun.
Shina:
Sapan sapan mashikuna imashina rimashpapash, killkaypika
shukshinallami killkana kanchik.
9
Shimikiyachay = sílaba 11
ut=uyantin
10
uw = uyaywa 12
Uyaywa shimiki = sílaba vocálica
28 29
16. 2.2.2 Tikray shimiki13 2.2.4 Harkashka shimiki15
Kay shimikika shuk uyaywa shuk uyantinwanmi (uw+ut) awarishka Kay shimikika shuk uyantin, chawpipi shuk uyaywa, puchukaypika
kan, shinaka, kay shimikikunaka shimi kallaripillami rikurin. shuk uyantinwanmi (ut + uw + ut) awarishka kan. Shinaka, may
Shina: shimikunapika kallaripi, chawpipi, puchukaypipashmi rikurin.
2.2.5 Shimikita yupay yachay16
2.2.3 Paskashka shimiki14
Kichwa shimikunataka shukwan, tawka shimikiwan awashpami
Kay shimikika shuk uyantin shuk uyaywawanmi (ut+uw) awarishka
rimanchik killkanchikpash. Asha shimikunallami chusku yallik
kan.
shimikita charin, ashtawanka wiñachishka mushuk shimikunami
Shina:
shina rikurin. Shinapash, shimipa sapi, shimikutapashmi charin.
Kay shimikikunaka, shimi kallariypi, chawpipi, puchukaypipash
rikurinllami.
Tikray shimiki = sílaba inversa
13
Harkashka shimiki = Sílaba trabada
15
Paskashka shimiki = sílaba abierta
14
Shimikita yupay yachay = Clasificación de las sí labas
16
30 31
17. Shinapash, kichwata yachak mashikunaka, kay shimitaka mana Shina:
shimikipi pakinachu kan nishpami yachachinkuna. Chay yuyaywanka
manapash kichwa shimitaka shimikipi yupanallachu kan. kikinka, kanka, ayayay, achachay, ari, mana,
kuyankichu, llakinkichu, shamupashun, ñukachu, wañurkankichu,
Kichwa shimika yaparik shimimi kan, shinaka mana shimikuta shuyakurkankichu
pakinalla kakpika ashtawan yachashpami katina kanchik.
2.4 Kari warmiyachik18
2.3 Shimikita sinchichik17
Kichwa shimipi, kari warmikunata rikuchinkapakka mana shimikuta
charinchu; chaypak rantika, kari, warmi shimitami, maykan
Kichwa shimipika puchukay washa shimikipimi samaytaka
shutikunapa ñawpakpi churashpa rikuchinchik. Shinallatak
sinchiyachishpa rimanchik.
wankinpika mama, tayta shimiwanpash rimanchik.
Shina:
Kichwa shimika shimikukunawan awarishpa katishpami yuyaytakun.
Shinami shuk sapi yuyay.
Tiyakpika:<allku> chaypimi shuk shimikukunata llutashpa katina kan.
Shina:
Shinapash maykan yurakunata shutichinkapakka kari, warmi
shimiwan rimanchik.
Kay ruraymantami sinchichikpash washalla katishpa rin. Shina:
Shina: Kari chini, warmi chini.
Kari chilka, warmi chilka.
Runapa kikin shutikunata rimashpaka mana kari warmi shimiwan
rimanata ushanchikchu, shutikunallatakmi ña kari warmi kashkata
Wakinpika, mancharishpa, piñarishpa, kushiyarishpa, tapuykunata rikuchin.
mana pakta rimaypimi, sinchichikka, ashtawan washa shimikiman, Shina:
puchukaymanpash kachashpa rimanchik, shinapash shimi Sisa yachachikta
unanchataka mana shuktakyachinchikchu. Inti yachachikta
Shimikita sinchichik = acento
17
Kari warmiyachik = género
18
32 33
18. Ayllushutiwan rimashpaka, shinallatak mana kari warmi shimiwan Shina:
rimanachu kan.
Shina: sukta allku
Caguana yachachikta kayay. ishkay warmi.
Paucar kushipatata pushamukriy. Shutillikuna ña achkata rikuchikpipash mana –kuna shimikuta
churanachu kanchik.
2.5 Tawkachik19 Shina:
Kichwa shimipi achkata rikuchinkapakka –kuna shimikutami shutipa, achka allku wakin wasi
shutillipa, shutirantipa kuchupi llutachinchik. tawka kari asha tanta.
Shina:
Shutikunapi –pura shimiku rikurikpika, –kuna shimikuta mana
churanachu kanchik.
Shina:
Mamapura riman.
Wawkipura shamunkichik.
Yuyayllapitak achkata rikuchikpika mana –kuna shimikuta
mutsurinchu. Shina:
Shutikunata, shutillikunatapash yupaywan rikuchinkapakka mana –
kuna shimikuta churanachu kanchik.
19
Tawkachik = pluralizador
34 35
19. 3.1 Rikchay awariy20
Shimiku yuyay awariyka, shimikuna shimikukunawan awarishpami
chikan chikan achiklla yuyaykunata allichin.
Shina:
Ishkayshimi kawsaypurapi yachachikkunami kichwa
shimitaka ashtawan allichishpa katinkakuna.
Kichwa shimipika shimikuna, shimi sapikuna, shimikikunapashmi
tiyan.
3.1.2 Shimimanta yachay
Kichwa shimika shuk kallari unanchatami charin, kay shimikunaka
shuktak shimikunawan, shimikukunawanpash awarishpami pakta
yuyayta kun.
Shina:
20
Rikchay awariy = morfosintaxis
21
Unancha = significado
36 37
20. 3.1.3 Shimipa sapi, imachikpa sapi 3.2 Yuyaypa shimikuna23
Kichwa shimipika ishkay sami sapimi tiyan (shutipa sapi, imachikpa Kichwa shimipash tukuy shimikunashinallatakmi kan, shinaka, achka
sapi). shimikunatami charin, chay shimikunaka sapan unanchata, ima
Shina: kaktapashmi rikuchin, chaykunata alli yachashpami yuyaykunatapash
alli rurashun, ashtawanka mana shuktak shimita hawalla hapishpa
rimankapak.
3.2.1 Shutikuna
3.1.4 Shimipa shimiku22 Shutikunaka tukuy ima tiyakkunapa, (runakuna, wiwakuna, yurakuna,
Chay shimikunapimi shuk, ishkay kimsa, shimikukunata imakunatapash) shutimi kan. Shinaka, chay tiyakkunaka, ukkuta
yapachishpaka shuktak sumak hatun unanchata kun, chaymantami charik, mana ukkuta charikkunpashmi tiyan.
kichwataka yaparik shimi ninchik. Shina:
Shina:
Shimi+shimiku
wasi
wasi-man
wasi-man-lla
wasi-man-lla-tak
wasi-man-lla-tak-mi
Imachik+shimiku
tushu- 3.2.2 Ukkuyuk shutikuna24
tushu-n
tushu-na-lla Kay shutikunaka ukkuta yarikunawan rikunalla, hapinalla
tushu-na-lla-man shutikunatami rikuchin.
tushu-na-lla-tak-mi
Shimipa shimiku = morfemas
22 23
Yuyaypa shimikuna = partes de la oración
24
Ukkuyuk shutikuna = sustantivos concretos
38 39
21. Shina: 3.2.5 Tukuy, purun shutikuna27
Kay shutikunaka mana chikanyachishpa shutichinkapakmi kan.
Shina:
3.2.3 Mana ukkuyuk shutikuna25
Kay shutikunaka yuyayllapi tiyakkunatami shutichin, shinaka
yarikunawanpash mana rikuyta ushachikchu.
Shina:
3.2.6 Shukyachishka shutikuna28
Kay shutikunaka ishkay shutimanta shuk shutita wiñachishkami kan.
Shina:
3.2.4 Kikin shutikuna26
Kay shutikunaka tawkapuramanta kikinpayachishpa shutichishka
shutimi kan. Shinaka runa, wiwa, urku, llakta, kiti, shuktakkunapakpash
shutikunami kan.
Wakin wiñachishka mushuk shimikunataka, tantachishpami shuk
shimishinallatak killkana kanchik.
Shinapash, kay shimikunaka mana tantachishpa killkay tukunchikchu.
Mishki uchu, ishpana uku, yachana uku, mikuna uku, rumi utku,
mana alli.
Mana ukkuyuk
25
shutikuna sustantivos 26
Kikin shutikuna = sustantivos propios Tukuy, purun
27
shutikuna = sustantivos 28
Shukyachishka shutikuna = sustantivos
abstractos comunes compuestos
40 41
22. 3.3 Shutiranti29 Tawkak runapa shutirantiwan yuyaykuna.
• Ñukanchikmi kichwa shimitaka sumakta killkakunchik.
• Kankunaka allpapimi llankashpa shaykushkankichik.
Shutirantika runapa shutikunata mana shutichishpa rikuchinkapakmi
• Paykunapash wawakunamanmi mishkimuruta karan.
kan.
Shina: 3.3.2 Rikuchik shutiranti
ñuka pi Kay shutirantika, pi runata mana shutichishpa rikuchinkapakmi kan.
pay chay
maykan wakin
José mashika, hatun antanikichiktami rantishka.
Shuti Yuyaykunapika shinami ninchik:
Kaymi pukllarka.
Payka hatun antanikichiktami rantishka.
Chaymi kamirka.
Shutiranti
Shuk allkumi kaykunata kanishka.
Chaykunata kayamuy.
3.3.1 Runapa shutiranti30
3.3.3 Tapuchik shutiranti
Kay shutirantika runakunapa kikin shutita mana nishpa
Tapuchik shutirantika runa ima rurakukta tapukmi kan. Shinapash
rikuchinkapakmi kan.
tapuk shutirantita rurankapakka –tak shimikuwan yapachishpami
Shina: ruranchik.
Shina:
• Ñukaka mishki lumutami mikuni.
• Kanmi ayllullaktapi yanapanaman rinki.
• Payka hatun yuyaytami charin.
29
Shutiranti = pronombre
30
Runapa shutiranti = pronombres personales
42 43
23. 3.3.4 Mashnachik shutiranti Shina:
Kaykunaka maykan runa mana achiklla kakta rikuchinkapakmi kan. Picha chay llaktapika kichwata mana alli riman
Shina: Picha rinka
Pichari kunanka wasimanka rinka
Mashnachari shamunka
Rikchak shutiranti
Kay pi, maykan, ima, may, mashna shutirantikunaka maykan
Shina: yuyaykunapika mana tapuk shutiranti tukunchu; ashtawanka pi imata
rurashkatami rikuchin.
Wakinkunaka chay llaktapika kichwata mana alli rimanchu. Shina:
Mana pi ukupika tiyakunchu.
Mana ima kay ashankapika tiyanchu. Pi ñukata yanka rimakka kaypimi kan
Pimi ñukata yanapawarka, kaypi kashka.
Pipash Kunanka ñukawan richun.
Maykan makasha nikka, kaypi kan.
Maykanpash yakuta aparinaman rinami kan.
3.4 Shutillikuna31
Mana tukuykuna tiyakpika chay –pash shimikutami churashpa
ashtawan shutirantita ruranchik. Shutillikunaka shutikuna imashina kakta, mashna kakta, maykan
kakta, shuktakkunatapashmi rikuchin. Chayta rikuchinkapakka
Shinallatak, wakinpika –cha, -chari shimikukunawanmi shimipi shutipa ñawpakpimi churanchik.
churashpa suyu shutirantita ruranchik. Shina:
Shina:
31
Shutillikuna = adjetivo
44 45
24. Maykan shutikunaka shuktak shutipa ñawpakpi rishpaka 3.4.2 Rikuchik shutillikuna
shutillishinami tukun, shinaka, shutita shukyachik kashkamantami
shina rikurin. Rikuchik shutillikunaka kichwapika mana tiyanchu, ashtawanka
Shina: rikuchik shutirantikuna shutikunapak ñawpakpi rishpami shutilli
tukun, kaykunami kan: kay, kaykuna, chay, chaykuna.
Shina:
Kay muchikuta ñukaman kuway.
shutilli shuti
Ñukanchikka chay llaktamanmi rinchik.
shutilli shuti
3.4.1 Imakak shutillikuna32
Kikinpayachik shutillikuna
Kay shutillikunaka shuti imashina kashkatami rikuchin. Kichwa shimipi kikinpayachik shutillikunaka mana tiyanchu,
Shina: shinapash shutirantikunapi –pa, -pak shimikuta llutachishpa
shutillishinata rikurishpaka, kikinpa kashkatami shukyachin.
Shina:
Shina:
Uchilla wawami sumakta tushukun.
shutilli shuti
Inti mashimi ñuka pa churita pusharka.
Payka sumak yuyaytami charin. Kpy. sh
shutilli shuti Pay-pa ushushika sumaktami yanun
Kpy. shll
Sisa mashika puka antawatami rantishka. Maria mashipakmi antawataka rantirka
shutilli shuti Kpy. shll
Imakak shutillikuna = adjetivo calificativo
32
46 47
25. 3.4.3 Yupay shutillikuna Shina:
Yupana shutillikunaka shutikunata, imatapash yupankapakmi kan,
chaykunaka shinami rakirin:
Shukllayupana33
Kallpak Inti mashika 10º washapimi shamun.
(Niki yupaykunatapash kichwa shimipimi rimana kanchik)
Pakiriy yupay35
José pushakka 4 punchatami Quito kitipi kan. Chawpiriy yupayka ima charishkata ishkaypi, kimsapi, chuskupi,
Kay yachanawasipika 20 yachakukmi tiyan. mashnapipash chawpishkata rikuchinkapakmi kan.
Killapika 300 dolar kullkitami hapini. Shina:
4 killakipa 1200 dolar kullkitami hapini
12 hunu rurakunami kay mamallaktapi kawsanchik 3/4 chusku pakimanta kimsa.
4/4 chusku pakimanta chusku
(Yupaykunataka kichwa shimipimi rimana kanchik) 5/6 sukta pakimanta pichka.
Shina:
Nikiyupay34
Shuk yachakukka 4/6 tatki pintutami rantin.
Nikiyupanaka pi, ima katishka katishkata yupankapakmi kan, shina
yupankapakka –niki shimikutami yupaypi llutachishpa yupana kan.
Shukllayupana = unidades
33 35
Pakiriy yupay = números racionales,
Nikiyupay = números ordinales
34
fracciones o quebrados
48 49
26. 3.4.4 Mashna shutillikuna 36
Kay shutillikunaka pipash imapash amsalla kashkatami rikuchin.
3.5 Imallichikkuna37
Shina:
Imallichikkunaka imachikpa ñawpakpi rishpaka imachikkunatami
Wakin runakunaka sumaktami takin. shukyachik kan. Shinallatak, imachikkunawan, shutillikunawanpash
shutilli shuti tantarinkunallami.
Shina:
Kaypika tukuy wawami yachakun.
shutilli shuti
Allimantami yallikun.
Taytaka tutamantami hatarirka.
Antisuyumanta yachachikkunaka achka kullkitami charin.
Kayami achkata tushusha.
shutilli shuti
Apukkunamanka ari nishpa rimapanki.
Kichwa yachaymanka shuktak mashitami apamuna kanchik.
shutilli shuti 3.5.1 Imashinayachik imallichik38
Shutillikunata imashina rimana, killkanamanta. Kay imallichikkunaka imachikkuna imashina kaktami rikuchin.
Yuyaypika shuk shuti shunku tukukpika shuk, ishkay, tawka
shutillikunawanmi ruranchik, shina kakpika shutillikunaka
shukyachikkunami kan.
Shina:
Mashna shutillikuna = adjetivos indeterminados
36
Imallichikkuna = adverbios
37
Imashinayachik imallichik = adverbio de modo
38
50 51
27. Sumakllatami tushun Ñukaka kaynami yachakurkani.
imallichik imallichik
Allimantami yallikun Kay yachaytaka kayami tukuchisha.
imallichik Imallichik
Ninantami pukllan 3.5.3 Mashnayachik imallichik40
imallichik
Kay mashnayachik imallichikkunaka mashna rurakuktami rikuchin.
Hawallami ruran
imallichik
3.5.2 Pachayachik imallichik39
Kay imallichikkunaka ima pachapi ruraktami rikuchin, shinapash
pachata rikuchik shimikunami imachikpa ñawpakpi rin. Shina:
Shina:
Kayami achkata tushusha.
imallichik
Paykunaka ashallatami mikun.
imallichik
Kanka pishita upyapay.
Taytaka tutamantami hatarirka. Imallichik
imallichik
Yakuka mankapimi hunta tiyan.
Paytaka kunanmi rimasha.
imallichik
imallichik
Pachayachik imallichik = adverbio de tiempo
39 40
Mashnayachik imallichik = adverbio de cantidad
41
Kuskayachik imallichik = adverbio de lugar
52 53
28. 3.5.4 Kuskayachik imallichik41 Shina:
Kuska imallichikka, may kuskapi imata munashkata, rurashkata, Ari, Rosa wamrapa yayami shamurka.
yuyashkata rikuchinkapakmi kan. imallichik
Shina:
Apukkunamanka ari nishpa rimapanki.
imallichik
3.5.6 Mananik imallichik43
Kay imallichikkunaka imapash mana ninkapakmi kan. Kay mana
shimiwanmi ninchik.
Shina: Shina:
Ñukapa mamaka chaypimi puñurka Paykunaka mana rimankachu
imallichik imallichik
Chay allkuka chimpatami yallirka Chay uchilla wawakunaka manarak killkanata yachanchu.
imallichik imallichik
Ñukaka kaypimi yachani 3.5.7 Ichanik imallichik44
imallichik
Kay imallichiktaka –cha, -chari, -shi shimikukunawanmi shimipi
Sisa mashika hawapimi pukllanka. llutachishpa ruray tukunchik.
imallichik Shina:
3.5.5 Arinik imallichik42 Raymimanka picha shamunka.
imallichik
Kay imallichikkunaka ima rurayta, yuyaytapash arinichikmi kan.
Arinik imallichik = adverbio de afirmación
42 43
Mananik imallichik = adverbio de negación
44
Ichanik imallichik = adverbio de duda
54 55
29. Raymimanka pichari shamunka. Shina:
Imallichik
Raymimanka pishi shamunka.
imallichik
3.5.8 Harkak imallichik45
Kay imallichikkunaka imatapash mana rurachun ninkapakmi kan, 3.6.1 Rurayta yallichik imachik46
chaypakka kay shimikunami tiyan: ñatak, ama, pakta.
Shina: Kay imachikkunaka ruraytami shuktakman urmachin, yallichinpash.
Shina:
Hakapi ñatak urmankiman. Michik wamraka wiwakunatami michikun.
imallichik ich
Ñukanchikka wawakunatami yachachinchik.
Paymanka ama willanki. ich
imallichik
Pukllakka rumpata haytan.
ich
3.6 Imachik. Yuyaykunapika, kay sami imachikkunata riksinkapakka, imatatak,
pitatak nishpa tapushpami riksikchayanchik.
Imachikkunaka pi rurak, tiyak, munak, kakta rikuchikkunami kan. Shina:
Chay imatukushkaka pachapi, runapi rurashkatami rikuchin.
Michik wamraka wiwakunatami michikun.
Imachikkunata riksinkapakka -na shimikuwanmi riksinchik.
Tapuy: pitatak michikun.
Kutichiy: wiwakunata
Shinaka, kay michina imachikmi ruraytaka shuktakman yallichin.
Shina kak imachikkunaka achkami tiyan.
Harkak imallichik = adverbio de impedimento
45
Rurayta mana yallichik imachik = verbos intransitivos
47
Rurayta yallichik imachik = verbos transitivos
46
ich = verbo
48
56 57
30. 3.6.2 Rurayta mana yallichik imachik47 Mushukmi kanka
ich
Kay imachikka rurayta mana shuktakman yallichikchu kan, Hatun runami kani.
rurakllapitakmi sakirin. ich
Shina:
3.6.4 Imachik huniyachik49
Ñukanchikmi asinchik
ich48 Kichwa shimipak imachikkunaka –na shimikuwan rikurishpaka
Kanmi puñunki mana runata, pachata, yupayta rikuchinchu, chayta rikuchinkapakka
ich imachik sapipimi huniypa shimikukunata llutachinchik, chay
Kankunami mancharinkichik shimikukunami runata, pachata, yupaytapash rikuchin.
ich
Paymi arman Shinapash, imachikta huninkapakka hatun imashinayachik
ich
pachakunami yanapan, kaykuna: rikuchik pacha, kachachik pacha,
Kay yuyaykunapi imachikta riksinkapakka, pitak nishpa tapushpami rurayachik pacha, munayachik pacha. Chaykunami pi runapi, kunan,
riksikchayanchik. yallik, shamuk pachapi, tawkakpi, churashpa yuyaypika rimanchik.
Shina:
3.6.5 Rikuchik pacha50
Kanmi puñunki
Tapuy: pitak puñun Rikuchik pachaka imata rurashpa, munashpa, yuyashpapash kunan
Kutichiy: kan pachallapitak rikuchikmi kan.
Shinashpaka, rurakka payllatakmi kashka, rurayka mana shuktakman
yallinchu.
Kunan pacha
3.6.3 Shinakanayachik imachik
Shinakanayachik imachikka imatapash, imashina kakta rikuchikmi
kan. Kay imachikka kana imachikllami kichwa shimipika tiyan. Shina:
María wawaka alli panimi kan.
ich
Inti mashika pushakmi kan.
ich
Achka kullkimi karka
ich
Imachik huniyachik = conjugación
49 50
Rikuchik pacha = modo indicativo
58 59
31. Yallishka pacha Shina:
Kankunaka raymipi tushuychik
3.6.5.2 Rurayachik pacha52
Sarun pacha Rurayachik pachaka ima munashkata, rurashkata rikuchinkapakmi kan
Shina:
Pay tushunman karka
Shamuk pacha
3.6.5.3 Munayachik53
Munayachik pachaka runakunata ima kashkatapash maykan
pachapi ruranatami munakushkata rikuchin.
Shina:
3.6.5.1 Kachachik pacha51
Kachachik pachaka imatapash sinchita rimashpa, kachashkata
rurachun, munachunpashtami rikuchin.
Ñuka tushuchun nishpaka uptami shamusha
Kachachik pacha = modo imperativo
51 52
Rurayachik pacha = modo condicional
53
Munayachik = modo subjuntivo
60 61
32. 4.1 Shimikukuna54
Shimikukunaka uchilla shimikishinami kan, shinaka shutiwan,
shutirantiwan, shutilliwan, imachikwan, imallichikwan llutarishpaka
shuktak shimi, ashtawan achiklla unanchatami kun. Shinapash,
wakchalla rikurishpaka ima unanchata mana achikkllata charinchu.
Shinami kichwa shimitaka yaparik shimi ninchik. Shinaka, shimi sapipi
yaparishpami yuyaykunata shuktakyachishpa rikuchin. Kay yaparik
shimikukunaka shuti shimikukuna imachik shimikukunami tiyan.
Shina:
sisakuna killaman rurarka pawanki
sisawan killami rurani pawasha
4.1.1 Shutikanchapa surkuk shimikukuna55
Kay shimikukunaka shutikancha shimikunallapimi (shuti, shutiranti,
sutilli, imallichik) llutarin. Shinaka surkuk, patarik, kuyurik
shimikukunapimi rakirin.
4.1.2 Shutimanta shutiyachik56
Shutimanta shutiyachik shimikukunaka shutipi llutarishpaka shuktak
shutillatakmi surkun. Chayta rurankapakka - kamak, -yuk, -sapa,
-pampa, -ku, -wa, -lla, -ruku, -kancha, -siki shimikukunami tiyan
-yuk.
Kay –yuk shimikuka pi charishka yuyaytami kun. Charichik nishpami
riksinchik.
Shimikukuna = morfología
54
Shutikanchapa surkuk
55
shimikukuna =
Shutimanta shutiyachik = nominalizadores
56
morfemas derivativos
62 63
33. Shina: yapachishpa, mirachishpa, kamishpa, yanka kamishpapash
yuyaykunatami kun. Hatunyachik nishpami riksinchik. Shina:
Sarayaku warmikunaka akchasapami kan.
Kuytsaka yuyaysapami kan.
Kullki Kullkiyuk Wakin challwaka tullusapami kan.
Pedro yachachikka kullkiyukmi kan Chay chinirukuka yapata chinin.
Allpayuk runami shamushka.
Kikinpa mankarukuta mañachipay.
-kamak Wakin challwaka tullurukumi kan.
Kay -kamak shimikuka, shutita shuktakman tikrachishpa pipash ima Sarayaku warmikunaka puñuysikimi kan.
Llullu wawaka wakaysikimi kan.
ruraktami rikuchin.
Shina:
Shinapash, -siki shimikuka mana tukuypichu churanalla kan,
ashtawanka asishpa, kamishpa shinami rikuchinchik.
-ku, -wa, -lla
Kay -ku, -wa, -lla shimikukunaka imatapash shunkuwan, kuyaywan,
uchillashina, llakiwan, sapallatapash rikuchinkapakmi kan. Kuyachik,
Wasi Wasikamak
uchillayachik nishpami riksinchik.
Shina:
Ñukami shuk wasikamakta mashkakuni.
Shuk mashimi paypa wakrakamakman achka kullkita Ñukapa panikumi shamushka.
kurka. Kanpak wakrakuka wakashpami shayakun.
-sapa, -ruku, -siki Ñukaka mamakutami kuyani.
Kay -sapa, -ruku, -siki shimikukunaka imatapash hatunyachishpa, Ñukapa misiwatami makanki.
64 65
34. Paypa mashiwatami makanki 4.1.3 Imachikmanta shutiyachikkuna
Ñukapa umawatami nanakun.
Imachikmanta shutiyachik shimikukunaka imachikpi llutarishpaka
Ñukapa panilla, wakashpallami kawsan. shuti, shutikancha shimitapashmi surkun. Chayta rurankapakka -y,
Ñukapa wawalla, llakimari tukushkanki -na, -k, -shka, -shpa shimikukunami tiyan.
Maykan llaktakunapika -lla shimikuka sapalla kashkatami rikuchin. -y, -na
Shina:
Kay -y, -na shimikukunaka imachikmanta shutiyachikmi kan.
Ñukapa panillami shamushka. Shina:
Ñukapa wasipika wawakunallami sakirirka.
Ñukaka mamallatami kuyani. Chay runaka mikuytami ashtawan munan.
Yuyay mashika pukllanatami rantisha nin.
-kancha, -pampa Kamchana ukuka kunukmi kan.
Ishpana ukuka ashnakunmi.
Kay -kancha, -pampa shimikukunaka imatapash tantachishpa,
kanchayachik, shukshinalla kashkatami rikuchin. Shinaka, -k
wiwakunawanmi ashtawan mutsurin.
Shina: Kay shimikupash imachikkunata shutiyachikmi kan.
Shina:
Punasuyumanta ayllukunaka llamakanchatami charin.
Ozogoche kuchapika pishkukanchami wañunkuna. Chay warmika michikmi kan.
Wawakunaka kiwapampapimi pukllakun. Wamraka yachakukmi kan.
Sisapampatami rikuni.
-shka
Kay –shka shimikuka imachikpa ruray tukurishkatami rikuchishpa
shutiyachin, chaymantami tukuchik shimiku ninchik.
66 67
35. Shina:
Unkushka runaka hampirikunmi.
Wañushka runaka mana tikrankachu.
-shpa.
Kay –shpa shimikuka ima rurashkata tukuchishkata rikuchishpa
shutiyachikmi kan.
Shina:
Kuri taytaka lluchushpami shamun.
Tamia mashika machashpami purin.
4.1.4 Patarik shimikukuna57
4.1.4.1 Tawkachik
Ña hawapi nishkata hapishpa -kuna shimikumi shutikanchapi 4.1.4.3 Shutikanchapa shimikukuna
llutarishpaka tawkata rikuchin.
Kutin, -nchik shimikuka shukniki tawkayachik shutirantipillami
llutarishpa tawkachin.
Shina:
runakuna paykuna ankakuna
mashikuna wawakuna ñukanchik
4.1.4.2 Urmayachik shimikukuna58
Shutikancha shimiwan tinkirishpaka chikan chikan shimi unanchatami
kun. Kaykunashina:
Patarik shimikukuna = morfemas flexivos
57
Urmayachik shimikukuna morfemas de caso
58
68 69
36. 4.2. Imachikpa shimikukuna59 Shina:
Mishkitaka mikurayanimi.
Kay shimikukunaka imachikpimi llutarin. Shinaka surkuk, patarik, Palantataka tarpurayanimi.
kuyurik shimikukunami tiyan. Mishki murutami mikurayani.
Ñukanchikka saratami rikurayani.
4.2.1. Imachikmanta surkuk shimikukuna
-ykacha
Kay shimikukunaka imachikllapimi llutarin. Shinaka surkuk, patarik,
kuyurik shimikukunapimi rakirin.
Kay -ykacha shimikuka, maypipash rurak, kaypi, chaypi, imatapash
yankalla ruraktami rikuchin. Maypipash rurak ninchikmi.
4.2.1.1. Imachikmanta imachikyachik
Shina:
Imachikmanta llukshichik shimikukunaka mushuk imachikkunatami Maykan karikunaka upyaykachanllami.
llukshichin. Kayshina: Misika ukupi puriykachanmi.
Unkukka puñuykachanmi.
-naya
-chi
Kay -naya shimikuka ima munayyachikmi kan. Shinallatak shutitapash
imachikpimi tikrachin. Kay -chi shimikuka imatapash shuktakman rurachiymi kan.
Shina: Shina:
Wamramanka hampi yakuta upyachinki.
Mishki muyutami mikunayan.
Payka sumak wawatami armachikun.
Ñukataka puñunayanmi.
Ñukataka wasinayanmi -naku
-raya Kay -naku shimikuka rantin rantin ruraktami rikuchin.
Kay -raya shimikuka imatapash katirurayachikmi kan. Katirurachik
nishpami shutichinchik.
Imachikpa shimikukuna = morfemas del verbo
59
70 71
37. Shina: -wa
Yayakunaka tantanakuypimi rimanakun.
Wawakunaka rumpawan pukllanakun. Kay –wa shimikuka llakiwan ima rurayta, rimayta pi chayachiktami
Paykunaka papata pallanakun. rikuchin.
Shina:
-ku
Makinchuta karaway.
Kay -ku shimikuka ima ruraytapash unay yachinkapakmi kan. Chay pankata rikuchiway.
Shina: Ñukapa shunkuta rikuway.
Yayaka wawatami kuyakurka. -pay
Warmi wakraka kiwatami mikukun.
Mamaka sarata tarpukun. Kay -pay shimikuka kuyaywan yupaychashpa rimankapakmi kan.
–ri Shina:
Kay –ri shimikuka rurashkata kikinllapitak kaktami rikuchin. Yaykupay. mikupay, karapay, killkapay
Shina: Wawaman chuchuchipay.
Rirpupimi rikurini. 4.2.1.2 Shutimanta imachikyachik60
Kuchapimi ñawita mayllarikuni.
Ñukaka akchata ñakcharini. Shutimanta imachikyachik shimikukunaka shutipi llutarishpaka
imachiktami surkun. Chayta rurankapakka –ya, -lli, -chi shimikukunami
-mu tiyan. Imachikpi tikrachishpaka ña imatapash huninata ushanllami.
Shina:
Kay -mu shimikuka payllatatak ima rurashka shamuywanpash
rikuchikmi kan.
Shina:
Chakrapi chiwillata tarpumuni.
Kucha manyata purimusha.
Uramanta tikramuni.
Shutimanta imachikyachik = deverbalizadores
60
72 73
38. Atukta hapisha nishpami tutayani. 4.2.2.2. Tawkayachik shimiku
Kushilluka chinkarishpami punchayan.
Chay wirami intiwan yakuyan. Mashnayachik shimikukunaka imachikkunapi llutarishpaka
mashnapura ruraktami rikuchin, kaykunami kan: -nchik, -chik, -kuna
Kuri chumpiwanmi chumpillini.
Chirikpika kaywan kunkallinki.
Kay tupuwan pachalliy.
Inti taytami wasichikun.
Killa mamaka wawatami chumpichin.
4.3. Kuyurik shimikukuna
Taytaka hawa pampapimi yantachikun
Kuyurik shimikukunaka shimi puchukaypi, yuyay puchukaypi,
4.2.2. Patarik shimikukuna
chawpipipash llutarishpaka ari ninkapak, mana ninkapak, tapunkapak,
arimana ninkapak, kaychu mana kaychu ninkapakmi kan.
Patarik shimikukunaka charikta, rikuchikkunata, mashna kakta, shuti
ima tukushkata rikuchikmi kan
4.3.1. Chanichik shimikukuna.
4.2.2.1. Runayachik shimikukuna
-mi
Kay shimikuka imatapash ari, shina kakta ninkapakmi kan:
Shina:
Shinaka kaykunami kan: Ñukanchikmi kichwa shimitaka sumakta yachakunchik
-ni Shukniki sapalla runata rikuchik. Ñukanchikka kichwa shimitami sumakta yachakunchik
-nki Ishkayniki sapalla runata rikuchik. Ñukanchikka kichwa shimita sumaktami yachakunchik
-n Kimsaniki sapalla runata rikuchik. Ñukanchikka kichwa shimita sumakta yachakunchikmi
-nchik Shukniki tawkayachik runata rikuchik.
-nkichik Ishkayniki tawkayachik runata rikuchik.
-nkuna Kimsaniki tawkayachik runata rikuchik.
74 75
39. -shi. 4.3.2. Tinkichik shimikukuna
Kay -shi shimikuka imatapash mana iñishpa, pukllashpa -ka
rimankapakmi kan. Kay –ka shimikuka ima nishkata chayllapi sakinkapak, yuyaytapash
Shina: chaypi kuchunkapakmi kan.
Shina:
Payka kayman shamunkashi.
Rasu taytaka Maria kuytsawan sawarinkashi. Rikunkapakka paymi shamurka.
Sisa mamashi Sucumbios markaman rishka. Wiwakunaka pampapimi purikun.
Paykunashi mamallaktata allichinka. Shuktakkunaka kullkitami kurka.
-cha: -pash
Kay –cha shimikuka icha yuyaytami kun. Kay –pash / -pish shimikuka shimikunata, yuyaykunatapash
Shina:
tinkichikmi kan.
Chayta rirkacha. Shina:
Wiwakunaka unkushkacha.
Papatapash, saratapashmi tarpunchik.
Sachamantacha shamunki.
Rumiñawi mashipash, Nina mamapash wasimanmi
Sawarinkapak rirkacha.
rinkuna.
-chu: Riobamba kitimanpash, Cañar kitimanpash
rishkamari.
Kay –chu shimikuka tapunkapak mana nik yuyaykunata rurankapakmi
kan. -tak
Shina:
Kay –tak shimikuka tapunkapak, ukta kutichinkapak, sinchita
Mana ñukaka kichwata yachanichu rimankapak, shuktak shuktak ruraykunatapashmi kun.
Mana Laura yachachikchu kayman shamun Shina:
Mana mamachu Puyo kitiman rin
Maymantatak shamurkakuna.
Imamantatak mana mikurkankichik.
Maykantak rimankacha.
76 77
40. Kayaka ñukatakmi shamusha. -pacha:
Ñuka munashka muchikutatak apamunki.
Paykunaka yapuntak,tarpuntak. Kay -pacha shimikuka ima shimitapash, ima yuyaytapash shina
Kanka puñunkitak mikunkitak. kakpachatami rikuchin.
Shina:
Warmika yanuntak awantak.
Achik mashika sumaymanapachatami shuyanka.
Payka wiwakunawan cebada yurata pallantak
Rumi mashika achkapachapimi yachanka
saruntak.
Waskar yachakukka yachakpachami kan
-rak Tutamantapacha chaparkani
Kay –rak shimikuka ruraytami ñawpachishpa rikuchin. 4.3.4. Harkachik shimiku
Shina:
-lla
Waskar wawaka killkanrakmi.
Atawalpa runarakmi yachachikun Kay -lla shimikuka imapash chaylla kashkatami rikuchin.
Apyutarakmi watakuni. Shina:
Kanrak mashikunata alli yachachinki.
Chayllatami ruranki.
4.3.3. Sinchiyachik shimiku Quito llaktamanllami purinchik.
Latacunga llaktamanllami rirkani.
-mari
Mana tamyakpika sarallatami pallan.
Kay –mari shimikuka ashtawan sinchiyachishpa, aripacha ninkapakmi Ñuka shamunkakama shuyakunkilla.
kan. Shina:
Kay –lla shimikuka chayllata rurashpa kawsaktami riksichin.
Sisa yachachikmari rirka.
Karumantamari shamuni. Pukllayllami kawsan.
Chay takiyka sumakmari uyarin. Puñuyllami tiyan.
Quito llaktaka hatunmari rikurin. Mikuyllami purin.
Wakayllami purin.
78 79
41. -lla 4.3.5. Imachikpa shimiku61
Kay –lla shimikuka sapallayachishpa rimankapakmi kan.
Ñukallami tukuy yuyaykunataka rurarkani.
Kanllami wasimanka rirkanki.
Sapallami kawsakuni.
-lla
Kay -lla shimikuka maykan ayllupakpash rikchak kaktami riksichin.
Shina:
Wawaka yayallami purin.
Kanka mamallami purikunki.
Kanpa churika kanlla umayukmi kan.
Wawaka yayallami kan.
Kanka mamalla purikunki.
Kanpa churika kanlla umayukmi kan.
Imachikpa shimiku = morfemas del verbo
61
80 81
42. 5.1. Killkay unancha.
Yuyayta alli killkankapak, ashtawanka alli yuyayta shuktakman
kunkapakka kay iñukanchawanmi kichwa shimipipash killkana kan:
/./ iñu
/./ chikan iñu
/./ katik iñu
/,/ chupa
62
/;/ iñu chupa
/:/ ishkay iñu
/ .- / iñu aspi
/-/ aspi
/¡!/ manchariy
( ) winku
Shina:
“Mikunkapak yakuta, tukuy shuktak mikunakunatapash allpa
mamamantami surkunchik. Tukuy runakunami allpamanta mikunchik.
Allpa mamapimi: runa, wiwa, yurakuna kawsayta kun. Shinaka;
ashtawanka, tukuy mashna tiyashkakunapash allpamantami kawsayta
charinchik. Allpa mama wakllirishpa tukurikpika mikunapash tukuy
mamapachapimi chinkarinka. Runakunapash yarikaywanmi tukuylla
wañushpa tukurinchikman”. ¡Ayayay!
Yuyay awari = morfosintaxis
62
82 83
43. 5.2. Yuyaykiyachay63 Shina:
Yuyaykikunaka uchilla yuyayshinami kan, chaymantaka yuyaypa
shunku, shukyachikkunapashmi tukun. Kichwapa yuyaykikunaka
kaykunami kan.
• Shuti yuyayki64 Sumak wasi
• Imachikyuyayki65 Tantatami mikun
5.2.1. Shuti yuyayki
Shuti yuyaykika shunkuta, shukyachikpashmi charin; shinallatak
shimikukunapashmi chaypika rikurin. Shutipa yuyaykikunapika
shutillikunami ashtawan tiyan.
Shina:
Kichwa yuyaypika shutillikunami shukyachik tukun. Shinaka, mashna 5.2.2. Imachik yuyayki66
shutilli kashpapash shutipak ñawpapi rishpami shukyachin tukun.
Shuti yuyayki ukupi shutilli rikurikpika, paypa shunkumi tukun.
Kay yuyaykika, imachik washapi llutarishpaka yuyaytami
Shinallatak, shutipimi shimikukunaka llutarin; shutillikunapika mana
ima yaparik shimikukunachu yaykun. Shuti yuyaykipika shutimi paktachishpami ashtawan achikyachin; shinaka: yallipaktachik67,
paypa shunku tukun. katikpaktachik68, taririklla paktachikkunami69 kan.
Yuyaykiyachay = las frases
63 65
Imachikyuyayki = frase verbal 66
Imachik yuyayki = frase verbal katikpaktachik = complemento indirecto
68
Shuti yuyayki = frase nominal
64 67
yallipaktachik = complemento directo taririklla paktachikkunami = complemento
69
circunstancial
84 85
44. Shina: Shina:
5.2.2.3 Taririklla paktachiy:
Kay paktachikka, willakpi maypi, imakak, imashina imachikpi
rurashkata paktachikmi kan. Kaykunaka -pi, -manta, -kama (an)
shimikuwanmi ruranchik.
Shina:
5.2.2.1 Yallik paktachiy
Kay paktachikka, willakpi pankalla, utkalla imachik rurayta paktachikmi
kan. Kay paktachikkunataka –ta shimikuwanmi ruranchik.
Wakinpika, shuk yuyayllapi kimsantin paktachiykunata churashpami
rimanchik.
5.2.2.2 Katiy paktachiy.
Kay paktachikka, willakpi shuktak imachikpi rurashkata paktachikmi
kan. Kay paktachikkunaka -man shimikuwanmi ruranchik. 5.2.2.4 Imashinayachik:
Kay paktachikka imashina kakta, imashina ruraktapashmi rikuchin.
Kaykunaka –lla shimikuwanmi killkanchik.
Imak = sujeto
70
Imanik = predicado
71
86 87
45. Shina: 5.3.2 Sasa yuyaykuna
Allimantallami shamusha. Kay yuyaykunaka tawka imachiktami charin. Chay imachikkunaka,
Achka llakillami kawsanki. wakinpika pakta pakta, wakinpika kimirishkallami rikurin. Kutin imakpi
Killallami yanun.
willakpipash, paktachikkunaka rikurinllami.
Shina:
5.2.2.5 Pachayachik:
Kay paktachikka imatapash ima pachapi ruraktapashmi rikuchin. Misika ukuchawanmi pukllan puñunpash
im ink
Kay yuyaykunaka pachata rikuchik shimikunawanmi ruranchik.
Shina:
Yachachikka mashikunawanmi llamkan yachachinpash.
Wayra chishi pachapimi pukllani. im ink
Tamya tutapimi puñuni.
Chakishka pachapimi tarpuni 5.3.3 Tinkirishka yuyaykuna
5.3 Shuktak Yuyaykunamanta Yachay Kay yuyaykunaka, shuk, shuk yuyaykunatami charin. Shina
yuyaykunata wallpankapakka, -man, -pash, -tak, -rak shimikuwanmi
Yuyay imashina awarishkata rikukpika yuyaylla, sasa, tinkirishka, killkanchik rimanchikpash.
kimirishka yuyaykunatami charinchik.
Shina:
5.3.1 Yuyaylla yuyaykuna72
Rumiñawiman mashika wasiman rin, paypa churika yachanawasiman
Kay yuyaykunaka, shuklla imak, shuklla paktachikta charikpimi kallpan.
shina shutichinchik. Mamaka yakuta aparinaman rin, hatun ushushika churanata takshan.
Sisa kuytsaka suruwan ashankata awan, turika allpapi payrak
Shina: llamkan.
Wasiman rishun. Allkuka wakanpash, kallpanpash.
im ink Ayllukunaka llamkanpash, kipaka mikunpash.
Kanka warmita charinkirak llakinkirak.
Tawka runami shamurka.
im ink Sisa warmika llamata kuchita katuntak rantintak.
72
Yuyaylla yuyaykuna = oración simple
88 89
46. 5.3.4 Kimirishka yuyaykuna Wawata sakinaman rishpami ashata kipayamuni.
Kullkita hapishpaka mushuk muchikutami rantimusha.
Kay yuyaykunaka hatun yuyay ukupi chayshinalla shuktak
yuyaykunami rikurin, shinaka ishkay imachikmi tiyan, shuk imachikka .Kay -kpi shimikuka kallariy munay yuyayta kushpa shuktak paktachik
pakta yuyaytami kun, shuktak imachikka katik yuyaytami rikuchin. munay yuyaytami karan. Shinallatak -shpa shimikuka imatapash
Shina: chay shinallatak yuyayta ruraktami rikuchin.
Kichwa shimita alli yachakpika maypipash alli rimashami. 5.3.6 Paktachinayachik kimirishka yuyay
Kunuk yaku tiyakpika punchantami armasha.
Kan kullkita kukpimi mishki murukunatami rantisha. Kay yuyaykunaka, -k, -nka, -pak, -chun shimikukunawanmi
Achka kullki charishpaka, watanta purinaman rishami. rimanchik killkanchikpash.
Tawka murukunata tarpushpaka, alli kawasyta charishami.
Shina:
Shuktak yuyaykunapika yallik paktachikshinami kay -y, -na, -shka,
Tushuk shamushka.
-k, -chun shimikukunawan rikurin.
Pukllak kallpashka.
Shina:
Mikuk rini.
Takik risha.
Killkana yachayta munanki.
Puñuk shamusha.
Antawata rantinata munani.
Killkak rini.
Kikin tushushkata yachasha nini.
Tushunkapak shamunki.
Kanta makakukta rikurkani.
Tarpunkapak muyuta apamunki.
Quito llaktaman richun munani.
Wawa pukllachun rumpata mañanki.
5.3.5 Munayachik harkachik yuyaykuna Pay shamuchun munani.
Kay -k, shimikuka rina, shamuna imachikwanllami kimirishpa shina
Kay yuyaykunaka –shpa, -kpi shimikukunawanmi awarishka kan. yuyaykunata kun.
Shina: Kay -nka, -pak shimikukunaka shina ruranallatami rikuchin.
Kay -chun shimikuka shuktak imata paktachichunmi rikuchin.
Yaku tiyakpika upyashami.
Yachachik pukllashpa yachachikpika yachashunmi.
90 91
47. 5.3.7 Kuskayachik kimirishka yuyaykuna Shina:
Kay yuyaykunaka may kuskapi ima tukushkatami rikuchin. Kankuna yachashkamantami ñukanchikta yallik yachak
Shina: tukushkankichik.
Inti mashika Rumiñawi mashishinallatakmi pukllan.
Ismushka yuramantami kaspita pitini. Kutinpuka sacha kuchita yallikmi allan.
Payka mayumantami shamun.
Ismushka panka kashkamantami pitirin. 5.4 Yuyay kakyachay
5.3.8 Rantichik kimirishka yuyaykuna Kay yuyaykunaka imashina yuyayta kuktami yachachin.
Kay yuyaykunaka pipash imatapash paypa ranti rurashkatami 5.4.1 Ari nik yuyaykuna
rikuchin. Shinapash yuyaykunata rimankapak killkankpakpash –
rayku shimikutami churana kan. Kay yuyakunaka ari nishkata rikuchinkapakmi kan, shinaka
Shina: -mi shimikikutami yuyaypa imakpi, paktachikpi imachikpipash
kimichishpa churana kanchik. Shinapash, maypi chay shimiku
Allpa chukchuchuyraykumi wasika urmarka. rishkatami ashtawan achikyachin.
Puñuyraykumi kipayani. Shina:
Tushuyraykumi raymiman rini.
Mikunaraykumantallami kichwashimi kamuta killkakunchik. Rumi mashika Puyu kitimantami shamun.
Rumi mashimi Puyu kitimanta shamun.
5.3.9 Chimpapurachik kimirishka yuyaykuna Rumi mashika Puyu kitimanta shamunmi.
Inti taytaka alli pushakmi kan.
Kay yuyaykunaka ishkay shutitami chimpapuran. Chayta rurankapakka Kay mashikunaka ishkay shimitami riman.
shinallatak yallik shimikunawan ruranchik. Shuktakkunatapash manta Kayaka ñukapa wasiman rishami.
shimikuwan ruranchik.
92 93
