This document discusses different types of forgery including: 1. Free hand forgery which involves copying a model signature without direct tracing. 2. Transplantation forgery which is transferring a signature or image from one document to another, often using computers or photocopying to commit fraud. 3. Forgery over a genuine signature which alters an original document signed legitimately to deceive the signer, such as changing amounts on a check. Detection methods include examining paper fibers, ink, handwriting style, and instrument marks to determine if a signature or document has been tampered with or forged. Forensic analysis plays an important role in uncovering forgery attempts.

1. Group Members :-
Ishan Tiwari –A5905916020
Archita - A5905916019
Mohit Kumar –A5905916002
Prateek Rathi-A5905916007
Astha Nanda-A5905916060
Mansie Sharma-A5905916044

2. Defining Forgery
 The Crime Of Forgery Generally Refers To The Making Of
A Fake Document, The Modification Of An Existing
Document, Or The Unauthorized Signing Of A Signature
Without Authorization.
 Forgery Involves A False Document, Signature, Or Other
Imitation Of An Object Of Value Used With The Intent To
Deceive Another. Those Who Commit Forgery Are Often
Charged With The Crime Of Fraud.
 Documents That Can Be The Object Of Forgery Include
Contracts, Identification Cards, And Legal Certificates.
Most States Require That Forgery Be Done With The
Intent To Commit Fraud Or Larceny.

3. Introduction
• Forging Money Or Currency Is More Often Called Counterfeiting.
• A Sense Of "To Counterfeit" Is Already In The Anglo-french Verb Forger,
Meaning "Falsify".
• Punishment For Forgery In India. (Sec.465)
• Whoever Commits Forgery Shall Be Punished With Imprisonment Of
Either Description For A Term Which May Extend To Two Years Or With
Fine Or With Both.
• Punishment For Forgery Of Valuable Security, Will, Etc. (Section 467)
• Imprisonment Of Either Description For A Term Which May Extend To Ten
Years And Shall Also Be Liable To Fine

4. Types Of Forgery
Types
Free Hand
Forgery
Impersonation
Forgery By Memory
Forgery By
Transplantation
Traced Forgery
Forgery Over
Genuine Signature

5. Forgery By Memory
Forgery Is Defined As "The Creation Of A False Written Or
Alteration Of A Genuine One, With The Intent To Defraud".
Forgery Consist Of Filing In Blanks On A Document Containing A
Genuine Signatures Or Altering Or Erasing Any Existing Piece Of
Writing, These May Include Promissory Notes, Wills, Cheques,
Receipts, Mortgage Deeds, Agreements Etc.

6. Forgery By Memory
An Handwriting Analysis With Forensic Training Can
Determine By Comparing A Document With Samples Of The
Same Handwriting If It Is Real Or Forgery
Ie., Forensic Handwriting Analysis Is About Comparing Two
Or More Documents And Determining Within A Reasonable
Degree Of Certainty Whether The Same Person Wrote Them
Or Different People Wrote Them.
Forgery May Be Committed By Writing With Pencil Or A Pen
Or On A Typewritten Matter, By Printing Or Engraving, By
Erasing Or Altering The Contents Of The Document Or By
Obliterating The Original Writing Etc.

7. Detection And Examination Of Traced Forgery
• Use Light Box To Trace Genuine
Signature Onto Document.
• If Fraud Is Done With The Help
Of Carbon Paper Than It Might
Contains Some Of The Traces Of
Carbon Paper

8. Detection And Examination Of Traced Forgery
• Individual Marking :-
Presence Of Intendations.
Presence Of Tremors
Gooping Of Ink
Formation Of Incomplete Words
• Microscopic Examination:
Steriomicroscope
Compound Microscope

9. FREE HAND FORGERY
• IN THIS TYPE OF FORGERY , THE FORGER SELECTS
A MODEL SIGNATURE OR WRITING AND HE TRIES
TO COPY THE DESIGN OF LETTERS AND OTHER
BROAD FEATURES DEPENDING UPON HIS SKILL,
PRACTICE, AND COMPETENCY.

11. Transplantation Forgery
• In this transplantation refers to a document could be in form of
signature or image when it is transferred from some genuine source
to a fraudulent document either by using computer or by
photocopying.
• This is also called as copy paste document.
• This kind of transplantation is done for the purpose of financial status,
job application, admissions etc.
• Divided into two types :
1. Soft copy transplantation
2. Hard copy transplantation

12. Examination And Detection Of Transplantation
Documents
• Various Techniques Which Help In Examination And
Detection Of Transplantation Documents Are –
VSC – 2000
Vsc – 5000
DOCUBOX Digital, Etc
• Forgery Techniques In Digital Image Are
• Copy Paste Forgery
Image Retouching

13. Impersonation
According to the Oxford dictionary Impersonation is an act of
pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment
or fraud.
Allograph Writings.
Common in Situations like:
Exam papers
Receiving someone’s else belongings.
Recent case of Police Constable Recruitment Exam

14. Examination And Detection Impersonation
Observation and Competence of the Examiner.
Instruments- Hand Lens, projectina (rarely).
Questioned Sample and the admitted writings are compared.
Observing the master pattern.

15. Forgery over genuine signature
A Document Is Said To Be Forged With A
Genuine Signature When The Content Is
Made At A Different Time And With An
Intent To Defraud The Author Of The
Signature.
It Is Of 2 Types Broadly-
• Where Signature Is Taken On A Blank
Paper
• Where Original Body Is Changed Or
Removed
• Types Of Cases-receipts, Contracts, Wills,
Acknowledgements, Permissory
Documents, Money Gifts, Records, Etc.

16. Detection and Examination
• Magnification With Grazing Light
• UV Fluorescence
• Stereomicroscope
• IR Photography
• Microscopic Examination

17. Detection and Examination
• VSC
• Fuming Method
• Condition Of Signature In Terms Of Any Unusuality
In Or Around It
• Type Technology Of Content And Signature Is
Matched In Case Of Typewriters
• Pen Pressure, Alignment, Size, Spacing And Relation
To Margins Of Signature And Content Is Checked
Along with Other Writing Characteristics
• Age Of Ink And Strokes Of Content And Signature Is
Compared.

18. CASE STUDY