The document compares Linux and Windows operating systems, highlighting key aspects such as their functionalities, user interfaces, and application availability. Linux is presented as an open-source, Unix-like system that is more secure and stable, while Windows is a proprietary, GUI-based system with a larger user base and more available applications. The comparison also covers technical differences, financial implications, and the inherent reliability and security features of both operating systems.

1. LINUX WINDOWSLINUX WINDOWS
Vs.Vs.

2. CONTENTSCONTENTS
What is an Operating System..???What is an Operating System..???
Introducing Linux..Introducing Linux..
Introducing Windows..Introducing Windows..
Comparison between Linux and WindowsComparison between Linux and Windows
ConclusionConclusion

3. What is an operating system?What is an operating system?
A program that controls the execution ofA program that controls the execution of
application programsapplication programs
An interface between applications andAn interface between applications and
hardware.hardware.
Makes the computer more convenient to useMakes the computer more convenient to use
Manages the resources of the computerManages the resources of the computer
Allows resources to be used in an efficientAllows resources to be used in an efficient
mannermanner
Examples of OS??Examples of OS??

4. Services Provided by the OSServices Provided by the OS
Program executionProgram execution
Access to Input/Output (I/O) devicesAccess to Input/Output (I/O) devices
Disks, screens, keyboards, miceDisks, screens, keyboards, mice
Printers, cameras, speakers, etc.Printers, cameras, speakers, etc.
Controlled access to filesControlled access to files
System accessSystem access
Sometimes: Program developmentSometimes: Program development
Compilers, editors and debuggersCompilers, editors and debuggers

5. Introducing LinuxIntroducing Linux
Linux was originally built by Linus Torvalds atLinux was originally built by Linus Torvalds at
the University of Helsinki in 1991.the University of Helsinki in 1991.
Linux is a Unix-like, Kernal-based, fully memory-Linux is a Unix-like, Kernal-based, fully memory-
protected, multitasking operating system .protected, multitasking operating system .
Open Source Operating System.Open Source Operating System.
Free SoftwareFree Software
Source Code AvailableSource Code Available
It runs on a wide range of hardware from PCs toIt runs on a wide range of hardware from PCs to
Macs.Macs.

6. Introducing WindowsIntroducing Windows
First version of Windows – Windows 3.1First version of Windows – Windows 3.1
released in 1992 by Microsoft.released in 1992 by Microsoft.
Windows is a GUI based operating systemWindows is a GUI based operating system
It has powerful networking capabilities, isIt has powerful networking capabilities, is
multitasking, and extremely user friendlymultitasking, and extremely user friendly

7. FlavorsFlavors
WINDOWS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows 2000
Windows 2003
Windows XP
Windows vista
WINDOW 7
WINDOW 8
LINUX
Suse
Fedora
Redhat
Debian
Ubuntu
Knoppix
Slackware
Lycoris
Linspire (Lindows)

8. Graphical User Interface
(GUI)

9. Text Mode Interface

10. OfficeOffice

11. BrowserBrowser

12. Computer UsersComputer Users

13. Fundamental Difference betweenFundamental Difference between
Linux & WindowsLinux & Windows
One fundamental difference between theOne fundamental difference between the
two systems is the fact that Linux is "opentwo systems is the fact that Linux is "open
source".source".

14. Comparing ApplicationsComparing Applications
Linux falls short in the number of differentLinux falls short in the number of different
applications available for it.applications available for it.
There are much more various applicationsThere are much more various applications
available for Microsoft since the populationavailable for Microsoft since the population
of Window’s users is greater than Linux’sof Window’s users is greater than Linux’s
Since Microsoft is more popular, theSince Microsoft is more popular, the
Hardware products are aimed at theHardware products are aimed at the
biggest market – Windows, such that thebiggest market – Windows, such that the
product would be sold and used widelyproduct would be sold and used widely

15. Comparing Applications Cont.Comparing Applications Cont.
Linux programs distributes freely sinceLinux programs distributes freely since
they are not developed by commercialthey are not developed by commercial
software companies, but instead aresoftware companies, but instead are
created under the GNU Public License,created under the GNU Public License,
which makes the software freewhich makes the software free
Linux software lacks the GUI and isLinux software lacks the GUI and is
therefore not “liked” by many userstherefore not “liked” by many users

16. Comparing Applications Cont.Comparing Applications Cont.
Windows has its own share of problems –Windows has its own share of problems –
the fact that some software is notthe fact that some software is not
compliant for different versions of windowscompliant for different versions of windows
(i.e. Windows 95/98) and many times the(i.e. Windows 95/98) and many times the
GUI concept is overused such thatGUI concept is overused such that
command arguments cannot be passed tocommand arguments cannot be passed to
the programthe program

17. Linux advantages in Kernel and theLinux advantages in Kernel and the
OS environmentOS environment
Linux requires 386 architecture to run.Linux requires 386 architecture to run.
Thus, it is compatible with any improvedThus, it is compatible with any improved
architecture such as 486, Pentium,architecture such as 486, Pentium,
Pentium Pro, etcPentium Pro, etc
There are drivers available for much manyThere are drivers available for much many
types of hardware devicestypes of hardware devices

18. Contd…Contd…
Linux program installation seems to beLinux program installation seems to be
easier since it only requires a restart wheneasier since it only requires a restart when
hardware device has been changedhardware device has been changed
Linux supports multiple copies of theLinux supports multiple copies of the
Kernel on the system such that if an errorKernel on the system such that if an error
is encountered and the Kernel becomesis encountered and the Kernel becomes
corrupted, a different copy of the Kernelcorrupted, a different copy of the Kernel
can be used to boot up the systemcan be used to boot up the system

19. ReliabilityReliability
OS it must not crash, even under extremeOS it must not crash, even under extreme
loads. OS should process requests even ifloads. OS should process requests even if
the operating system or hardware failsthe operating system or hardware fails
Windows seems to be less stable evenWindows seems to be less stable even
though the latest versions of Windows –though the latest versions of Windows –
2000 and XP are far more improved than2000 and XP are far more improved than
the incredibly buggy Windows 95the incredibly buggy Windows 95

20. SecuritySecurity
Linux seems to be more prepared forLinux seems to be more prepared for
protecting itself because of the beginningprotecting itself because of the beginning
developments of Linux, UNIX, anddevelopments of Linux, UNIX, and
FreeBSD which were aimed at top notchFreeBSD which were aimed at top notch
securitysecurity
Linux allows does not create registry keysLinux allows does not create registry keys
in a way Windows does allowing a user toin a way Windows does allowing a user to
browse installed components registrybrowse installed components registry
keys, which contain important informationkeys, which contain important information

21. Security contd…Security contd…
Linux is more virus proof since viruses –Linux is more virus proof since viruses –
malicious programs either cannot be runmalicious programs either cannot be run
automatically on the Linux machine, orautomatically on the Linux machine, or
simply are not capable of being executedsimply are not capable of being executed
on a 386 architectureon a 386 architecture
Windows is often known for a largeWindows is often known for a large
amount of loop holesamount of loop holes

22. Information Protection and
Security
Access control
regulate user access to the system
Information flow control
regulate flow of data within the system and
its delivery to users
Certification
proving that access and flow control
perform according to specifications

23. Financial DifferencesFinancial Differences
COSTCOST
LINUXLINUX WINDOWSWINDOWS
Online DownloadsOnline Downloads FreeFree Not AvailableNot Available
Retail Price, CDRetail Price, CD $50$50 $300$300

24. Financial DifferencesFinancial Differences
Companies have to spend millions forCompanies have to spend millions for
licenses for ever individual windowslicenses for ever individual windows
computercomputer
For Linux companies don’t have to spendFor Linux companies don’t have to spend
anythinganything

25. Technical DifferencesTechnical Differences
Keeping up to date: Linux upgrades fasterKeeping up to date: Linux upgrades faster
than Windowsthan Windows
Compatibility: Linux is BackwardCompatibility: Linux is Backward
Compatible unlike Windows.Compatible unlike Windows.

26. Technical DifferencesTechnical Differences
Features Provided:Features Provided:
Both support Dynamic CachingBoth support Dynamic Caching
Both have Multi-user SupportBoth have Multi-user Support
Application differencesApplication differences
No commercial word processor for Linux,No commercial word processor for Linux,
which matches the quality for Windowswhich matches the quality for Windows

27. End-User DifferencesEnd-User Differences
Proprietary vs. Open sourceProprietary vs. Open source

Windows is a Proprietary TechnologyWindows is a Proprietary Technology
Applications will only work on WindowsApplications will only work on Windows

Linux – Open SourceLinux – Open Source

28. FILE SYSTEMFILE SYSTEM
Implements long-term store
Information stored in named objects
called files
OS typically offers the following file
operations:
creating, deleting, renaming
reading, writing
locking, unlocking

29. FILE SYSTEM Contd…FILE SYSTEM Contd…
NTFS v EXT3
We have used EXT2 and EXT3 as the
Linux FS due to their popularity
NTFS is the primary XP FS
– Not backwards compatible with Win2k