Final Cotton By Dr. Awais simail.ppt About cotton varieties you can click on link for visit these sites

1. Production technology of Cotton
By
Dr. Awais Ismail

2. Cotton
 This is called as COTTON (English), KAPAS
(Urdu), PHUTTI (Punjabi), COTON
(French), and ALGODON (Spanish)

3. Cotton belongs to the ….
Kingdom
Sub-kingdom
Super Division
Division
Class
Sub-class
Order
Family
Genus
Plantae
Tracheobionta
Spermetophyta
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dilleniidae
Malvales
Malvaceae
Gossypium L.
Vascular plants
Seed plants
Flowering plants
Dicotyledons

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Origin and species
 Cotton belongs to genus
gossypium and faimly
Malvacaeae
 This genus consist of 20
species included wild and
domestic
There are four domestic
species
(AMERICAN)
 G. hirsutum
 G. barbadence

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Origin and species
(Asian)
 G.herbacium
 G.arborium

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Leading Countries
1. China
2. USA
3. India
4. Pakistan
5. Uzbekistan

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PRODUCTION
 2014-15 production?
 The most important constraint for cotton
production now a day is CLVC burevalla strain
 Now PAKISTAN Is also included in those
countries which grown b.t cotton comercially

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PRODUCTION
 There are 30% increase in cotton yield due to
introdction of b.t varities
 B.T cotton is developed by genetic engineering it
contain the gene Bacillus thrugensis
 These B.T varities are resistant to chewing insects
but not for sucking pests like mealy bug

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Economic importance
 Cotton is our most important cash crop
 Pakistan ranks fifth biggest producer of cotton
 Textile is the largest industry of Pakistan and
cotton is the basic raw material of that industry
 At present 521 textile mills ,8000 power looms
working in our country which totally depend
upon cotton

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Economic importance
 Cotton is a none true oil seed crop cotton is the
major raw material for ghee mills it contribute to
70% of our totall oil production

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Botany
A perennial
Coldest temps.
650F
Height = 2-5 feet
Deep tap root
Bolls

12. Branches

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Adaptation
Cotton is a crop of tropical and sub
tropical region grown in summer
Cotton require frost free growing season
for 180 to 200 days
The optimum soil ph for cotton is 5-8.5
Cotton need soil with maximum water
holding capacity

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Cultural practices
 Cotton require smooth seed bed
 Cotton require at least four ploughing and one
planking
 Also on some clayey soils deep tillage
implements can also be use
 The tillage implements most commonly used are
as

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Cultural Practices
Tillage
Disc plough
Disc harrow
Cultivator
Planker
Chisel plough

16. Varieties
 CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499,
BH-160,NIAB-111,CIM-534,
CIM-707,CIM-446,FH-901,
 CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499,
NIAB-111,CIM-534, FH-
901,

17. Seed rate Per Acre
Germination% Delinted seed Kg /acre
>75% 6
60% 8
50% 10

18. Delinting
Commercial Sulfuric Acid 1 liter for 10
Kg fuzzy seed is used for delinting

19. Planting Geometry
For Core Zone Areas
Plant To Plant= 6-9 Inches
Row To Row= 30 Inches
For Non Core Zone Areas
Plant To Plant= 9-12 Inches
Row To Row= 30 Inches

20. Sowing Date
For Core Zone Areas
1st may to 7 june
For Non Core Zone Areas
16 april to 31 may

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Method of sowing
Mostly cotton is sown in our country by
two methods
Flat sowing
Raise bed sowing
Flat sowing
flat sowing is done by two methods

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Method of sowing
 Broad casting
 Drill sowing
in drill sowing row to row distance is
maintained 30 inches
2- raised seed bed
in this method raise seed beds are
drawn in the field via cotton planter or bed
planter seed may be directly sown by planter

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Method of sowing
Or in some cases bed are drawn in field
and seed in sown by manual labour
The seed rate for this method is 5kg per
acer

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Method of sowing

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Benefits of bed sowing
Cotton grown via this method mature
15-20 days earlier
Loss due to rainfall is reduced
It gives more soil for root development
Saves water up to 40%

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Fertilization
• N, 27.kg./ac
• P, 30. kg./ac
• K, 30.kg./ac
• Also amounts will depend on the soil type.
• In addition, 60% of the mineral nutrients are
taken up between squares and boll
formation.

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Fertilization
Before last cultivation
1 bag of urea
1bag ofTSP
1bag of SOP
Should be added in soil as basal dose
On the basis of soil deficiency zinc
sulphate 5kg and borax 3kg per acer

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Thinning
 In order to keep normal
plant to plant distance
the extra seedlings
should be removed this
should be done after
first irrigation
 It should be noted that
delay in thinning
considerably reduce the
yield

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Irrigation
• The goal is to
keep 50% field
capacity or
higher through
out the growing
season.

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Irrigation
The rough schedule for irrigation is
first irrigation 30-40 DAS
Subsequent irrigation 15-18DAS.

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Weed in cotton
 The most common weed of cotton are
 IT-SIT
 Madahana grass
 Aak
 Hazar dani
 Bhakra
 Jangli chauli

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Weed management
There are three weed control methods
which are commonly used to control
weeds in cotton these are as follow
1. Stale seed bed
2. Mechanical weed control
3. Chemical weed control method

33. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
Stale seed bed method
• InThis method first we give irrigation
to field when field come in wattar
condition we plough the field and
plank it after that weed emerge we
again cultivate the field in this way
weed control is satisfactory

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Mechanical weed control
 Early season weeds reduce yields due to the
competition for nutrients and light.
 So in cotton area mosty in early season
mechanical weed control is done
 The benefits of this method is that it not only
uproot the weeds but also soften the soil so this
method gives proper aeration to soil for better
root growth

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Mechanical weed control
 The figure 1 show the mechanical weed control
 The figure 2 show the stale seed bed method

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Chemical weed control
• In cotton only pre emergence herbicedes
are available like DIVALD GOLD, stomp
• Common herbicides;Gramoxyone, Glyfosat
which is used with sheild as post
emergence but not recommended by
agriculture dept..
• Round-up in Round-up ready varities.

37. Chemical weed control
• Common herbicides;Gramoxyone,
Glyfosat which is used with sheild as post
emergence but not recommended by
agriculture dept..

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Diseases
 Fursaruim Wilt
 Bacterial blight
 Cotton-boll rots
 Root-knot nematode
 Root rot
 CLVC

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Insects
 Army bollworm
 White fly
 jassid

40. Insects
 PINK bollworm
 American bollworm
 White fly
 Aphid
 Mites

41. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
Insect control method
 Insects are mostly control through chemical
pesticides but in some areas some insects are
control by there natural predators Most
common pesticides used in our country against
chewing insects are
 Lefuron
 Match

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Insect control method
The most common pesticides used for sucking
insects are
 Ameida chloproide
 Bepru fresian
 Tracker

43. Integrated Pest Management
 Control of sucking insect pests at early
stage of the crop through seed treatment.
 Delay first spray as far as possible for the
conservation of beneficials but start spraying
at ETL.
 Use pheromone baited traps
 Use of pheromone traps around village near
cotton heaps for pink bollworm control.

44. Precautions
 Pest scouting should be done twice a week.
 Spray at right stage of the pest and at ETL.
 Do not repeat the same chemical more than
twice a season, instead rotate different
insecticide groups for spray..
 Select only recommended pesticides and
use proper dose.

45. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
Pesticide spraying equipment
 On small scale hand sprayer is used in our country
 On large scale tractor drawn boon sprayers are user
in our country

46. Pesticide spraying equipment

47. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
Harvesting
Harvesting in cotton done manually by human
labor or by mechanical cotton pickers
 Picking
 Mechanical cotton picker
 In cotton 2 to 3 pickings are done because all
bolls do not open at one time

48. NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
COTTON PICKERS
 In Pakistan cotton is mostly picked by manual
labor which mostly composed of village women's
mechanical pickers are also introduced in our
country but the draw back is that they can pick un
ripe bolls also

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Harvesting

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Ginning
 The cotton fibers are
removed from the
seed.
There are two different
methods used
 Ginning
 pressing

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Processing of cotton bales
 Cotton bale are first converted into fiber in
spinning mills
 After that these fibers are used in textile mill for
the production of textile products

52. Yield
 The average yield at farmer level is 2.5 tonns per
hac
 But peoples are getting up to 20-30 monds per
acer for normal sowing
 In early sowing peoples are getting up to 55-67
monds per

53. THANKS
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