Thrift is an interface definition language and binary communication protocol used at Facebook for building scalable cross-language services. It works by defining data structures and service interfaces in an IDL file, then using a code generation engine to create client and server code in various languages like C++, Java, Python and PHP. Some key services at Facebook that use Thrift include Cassandra for database access, Scribe for log aggregation, and HipHop for optimizing PHP code.
A framework designed to ease the development effort of chatbots. An effort to give a platform to new developers to build their own chatbot with easy steps.
TECHNOLOGY FOR BACK-END WEB DEVELOPMENT: SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING PamRobert
Back-End Web Development: The internet is quite thrilling. When you, the user, request a URL, a lot of code is in action to provide the page you requested.
What exactly links the browser and database in your app?
That application was created using server-side scripts; server-side language created your website invisibly.
A seamless user experience is what the server-side language aims to provide.
Many server-side scripting languages help achieve the desired result.
The server-side programming language you choose will rely on your development team’s tastes and the project’s needs, such as your operating system and database configuration.
Knowing the specific benefits that each server-side scripting language may provide will help you choose your back-end technology and who to employ to do these duties.
The ideal option for you searching for Technology for Back-End Web Development is Yugasa Software Labs.
A framework designed to ease the development effort of chatbots. An effort to give a platform to new developers to build their own chatbot with easy steps.
TECHNOLOGY FOR BACK-END WEB DEVELOPMENT: SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING PamRobert
Back-End Web Development: The internet is quite thrilling. When you, the user, request a URL, a lot of code is in action to provide the page you requested.
What exactly links the browser and database in your app?
That application was created using server-side scripts; server-side language created your website invisibly.
A seamless user experience is what the server-side language aims to provide.
Many server-side scripting languages help achieve the desired result.
The server-side programming language you choose will rely on your development team’s tastes and the project’s needs, such as your operating system and database configuration.
Knowing the specific benefits that each server-side scripting language may provide will help you choose your back-end technology and who to employ to do these duties.
The ideal option for you searching for Technology for Back-End Web Development is Yugasa Software Labs.
Every application is created with a background to run, from a simple registration app development though a larger communication app development. If a user enters some data such as login id etc, it must be stored somewhere and once the user comes back and enter the login id app must retrieve the user data to make this process every application either may be a mobile app development or web development
Flutter seeks to offer a consistent experience across all modern devices and platforms. Read the blog to find out all the web-specific features Flutter brings to the forefront. https://webguruinfosystems.blogspot.com/2021/07/flutter-for-web-comprehensive-outline.html
“SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING IS A WEB SERVER TECHNOLOGY IN WHICH A USER'S REQUEST IS FULFILLED BY RUNNING A SCRIPT DIRECTLY ON THE WEB SERVER TO GENERATE DYNAMIC HTML PAGES.”
It is usually used to provide interactive web sites that interface to databases or other data stores. This is different from client-side scripting where scripts are run by the viewing web browser, usually in JavaScript. The primary advantage to server-side scripting is the ability to highly customize the response based on the user's requirements, access rights, or queries into data stores.
A few weeks ago Microsoft Chief Technical Officer Ray Ozzie unveiled a concept called Live Clipboard, at the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference. The main idea behind the concept is to provide for the web what the clipboard does today for desktop applications.
Presention on Facebook in f Distributed systemsAhmad Yar
Facebook is a social networking website where users can post comments, share photographs and post links to news or other interesting content on the web, chat live, and watch short-form video. You can even order food on Facebook if that's what you want to do. Shared content can be made publicly accessible, or it can be shared only among a select group of friends or family, or with a single person
A mashup is a Web page or application that uses and combines data, presentation or functionality from two or more sources to create new services. The term implies easy, fast integration, frequently using open API (Application Programming Interface) and data sources to produce enriched results that were not necessarily the original reason for producing the raw source data.
We know that having a website is not only thing that you need to shine on the internet.
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Every application is created with a background to run, from a simple registration app development though a larger communication app development. If a user enters some data such as login id etc, it must be stored somewhere and once the user comes back and enter the login id app must retrieve the user data to make this process every application either may be a mobile app development or web development
Flutter seeks to offer a consistent experience across all modern devices and platforms. Read the blog to find out all the web-specific features Flutter brings to the forefront. https://webguruinfosystems.blogspot.com/2021/07/flutter-for-web-comprehensive-outline.html
“SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING IS A WEB SERVER TECHNOLOGY IN WHICH A USER'S REQUEST IS FULFILLED BY RUNNING A SCRIPT DIRECTLY ON THE WEB SERVER TO GENERATE DYNAMIC HTML PAGES.”
It is usually used to provide interactive web sites that interface to databases or other data stores. This is different from client-side scripting where scripts are run by the viewing web browser, usually in JavaScript. The primary advantage to server-side scripting is the ability to highly customize the response based on the user's requirements, access rights, or queries into data stores.
A few weeks ago Microsoft Chief Technical Officer Ray Ozzie unveiled a concept called Live Clipboard, at the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference. The main idea behind the concept is to provide for the web what the clipboard does today for desktop applications.
Presention on Facebook in f Distributed systemsAhmad Yar
Facebook is a social networking website where users can post comments, share photographs and post links to news or other interesting content on the web, chat live, and watch short-form video. You can even order food on Facebook if that's what you want to do. Shared content can be made publicly accessible, or it can be shared only among a select group of friends or family, or with a single person
A mashup is a Web page or application that uses and combines data, presentation or functionality from two or more sources to create new services. The term implies easy, fast integration, frequently using open API (Application Programming Interface) and data sources to produce enriched results that were not necessarily the original reason for producing the raw source data.
We know that having a website is not only thing that you need to shine on the internet.
you need efficient SEO and SMO services. as you may also need some local marketing along with some digital marketing.
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
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KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
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Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
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2. Facebook is the “social networking “ People have been
“facebooking” each other for about 7 years now, making
Facebook the most used social network with over 500 million
users worldwide.50% of our active users log on to Facebook in
any given day Average user has 130 friends .People spend over
700 billion minutes per month on Facebook.There are over
900 million objects that people interact with (pages, groups,
events and community pages).
INTRODUCTION
3. Thrift is an interface definition language and binary
communication protocol
It is used as a remote procedure call (RPC) framework and was
developed at Facebook for "scalable cross-language services
development".
It combines a software stack with a code generation engine to
build services that work efficiently on
C#, C++ , Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby and Smalltalk.
it is now an open source project in the ApacheSoftware
Foundation, now hosted onApache.
THRIFT
4. Scribe (log server) is aserver for aggregating log data
streamed in real-time from many other servers. Useful for
logging a wide array of data. It is built on top of Thrift.
Cassandra is adatabase management system designed to
handle large amounts of data spread out across many servers.
It powers Facebook’s Inbox Search feature and provides a
structured key-value store with eventual consistency.
HipHop for PHPis asource code transformer for PHPscript
code and was created to save server resources. HipHop
transforms PHPsource code into optimized C++.After doing
this, it uses g++ to compile it to machine code.
The BackEnd
5.
6. The primary idea behind Thrift is that it consists of alanguage
neutral stack which is implemented across various programming
languages and an associated code generation engine which
transforms asimple interface and data definition language into
client and server remote procedure call libraries.
Thrift is designed to be assimple aspossible for the developers
who can define all the necessarydata structures and interfaces
for acomplex service in asingle short file.
This file is called asThrift Interface Definition Logic File or Thrift
IDLFile.
The developers identified some important features while
evaluating the technical challenges of cross language interactions
in anetworked environment.
Thrift DesignFeatures
7.
8. Transport:
Eachlanguage must have acommon interface to bidirectional raw
data transport. Consider ascenario where there are 2servers in which, one
is deployed in Java and the other one is deployed in Python. Soatypical
service written in Java should be able to send the raw data from that service
to acommon interface which will be understood by the other server which
is running on Python and vice-versa. TheTransport Layer should be able to
transport the raw data file across the two ends.The specifics about how this
transport is implemented shouldn’t matter to the service developer. The
same application code should be able to run against TCPStream Sockets,
raw data in memory or files on disk.
Protocol:
In order to transport the raw data, they have to be encoded into a
particular format like binary, XMLetc. Therefore the Transport Layer uses
some particular protocol to encode or decode the data. Again the
application developer will not be bothered about this. He is only worried
whether the data can be read or written in some deterministic manner.
Types
9. Versioning:
For the services to be robust they must evolve from their
present version. They should incorporate new features and in
order to do this the data types involved in the service should
provide a mechanism to add or delete fields of an object or alter
the arguments list of afunction without any interruption in
service. This is calledVersioning.
Processors:
Processors are the ones which process the data streams
and accomplish Remote ProcedureCalls.
Cont..
10. Thrift has been employed in alarge number of applications at
Facebook, including search, logging, mobile, ads and the
developer platform. Two specific usages are discussed below.
Search
logging
Facebook ThriftServices
11. Facebook serves 570 billion page views per month
There are more photos on Facebook than all other photo sites
combined
More than 3 billion photos are uploaded every month.
Facebook’s systems serve 1.2 million photos per second.
More than 25 billion pieces of content (status updates,
comments, etc) are shared every month.
Facebook has more than 30,000 servers (and this number is
from last year!)
Facebook’s scaling challenge
12. Linux &Apache
PHP
Memcache
Haystack
BigPipe
How Does Facebook Work?
13. There are more than 20 billion uploaded photos on Facebook, and
each one is saved in four different resolutions, resulting in more
than 80 billion photos.
And it’s not just about being able to handle billions of photos,
performance is critical. Facebook serves around 1.2 million
photos per second.
Haystack is Facebook’s high-performance photo storage/retrieval
system, a highly scalable object store used to serve Facebook’s
immense amount of photos.
Strictly speaking, Haystack is an object store, so it doesn’t
necessarily have to store photos.
Haystack stores photo data inside 10 GB bucket with 1 MB of
metadata for every GB stored.
Haystack
14. Pipelining web pages for high performance
BigPipe -dynamic web page serving system, Facebook has
developed.
Facebook uses it to serve each web page in sections (called
“pagelets”) for optimal performance.
BigPipe is a fundamental redesign of the dynamic web page
serving system. The general idea is to pipeline pagelets through
several execution stages inside web servers and browsers.
BigPipe breaks the page generation process into several stages
The first three stages are executed by the web server, and the last
four stages are executed by the browser.
BIGPIPE
15.
16. Free & open source, high-performance, distributed
memory object caching system
Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks
of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls,
API calls, or page rendering.
The system uses a client–server architecture. the clients
populate this array and query it.
The servers keep the values in RAM; if a server runs out of
RAM, it discards the oldest values.
Clients can read each other's cached data.
MEMCACHE
17. Facebook has a system, Gatekeeper that lets run different
code for different sets of users.
This lets Facebook do gradual releases of new features,
activate certain features only for Facebook employees, etc.
Gatekeeper also lets Facebook do something called “dark
launches”, which is to activate elements of acertain
feature behind the scenes before it goes live
Gradual releases and darklaunches
18. The Facebook Platform provides a set of APIs and tools
which enable 3rd party developers to integrate with the
"open graph“.
Graph API is the core of Facebook Platform, enabling
developers to read and write data to Facebook
Facebook Platform
19. The GraphAPI presents asimple, consistent view of the
Facebook social graph, uniformly representing objects in the
graph (e.g.,people, photos, events, and pages) and the
connections between them (e.g., friend relationships,
shared content, and phototags).
RestfulAPI for accessing data on the Facebook graph.
Every object in the social graph has a unique ID. You can
access the properties of an object by requesting -
https://graph.facebook.com/ID
Alternatively, people and pages with usernames can be
accessed using their username asan ID.All responses are
JSONobjects.
The GraphAPI
20. FBMLis avariant-evolved subset of HTMLwith some elements
removed.
It allows FacebookApplication developers to customize the "look
and feel" of their applications, to alimited extent.
It is the specification of how to encode content so that
Facebook's servers can read and publish it.
FBMLplays an important role in building applications. FBMLis used
to tap in to various Facebook elements when building applications.
It operates alot like HTMLand it gives the ability to do various tasks
with ease suchas:
sending ausere-mail
embedding flashvideo
creating adashboard
posting on awall
Facebook Markup Language
21. Facebook also allows the use of regular HTMLtags, such as<a
href=”#”></a>, which is used to generate ahyperlink. Facebook alsoallows
the use of many more HTMLtags for building applications
FBML
22. The new Messages interweaves your chats, texts and emails.
It’s acentral place to control all of your private
communication, both on and off Facebook.
Simply put, it can be a single inbox for all of your messages,
no matter how you choose to send them.
A facebook.com EmailAddress
SMS FromFacebook
Chat History
Facebook’s New Messages
23. Facebook Connect is a set of APIs from Facebook that enable
Facebook members to log onto third-party websites,
applications, mobile devices and gaming systems with their
Facebook identity.
Facebook Connect
24. Unlike other social networks like Friendster, MySpace,
and Twitter – all of whom have run into serious scalability issues
at different points during their growth. Facebook has been mostly
reliable throughout its rise.
In actuality, Facebook uses JavaScript heavily, relies on their own
in-house PHP wrapper called XHP, HipHop (which optimizes
PHP), and many more technologies.
A lot of technologies have been developed by Facebookin-house
to serve their own needs, for example Cassandra
RELIABILITY
25. Thrift generates both the server and client interfaces for a given
service, and in a consistent manner. Client calls will be more
consistent
Related to above: Thrift's RPC-like behavior means that you get
type safety
Thrift supports various protocols, not just HTTP. If you are
dealing with large volumes of service calls, or have bandwidth
requirements, the client/server can transparently switch to more
efficient transports
Thrift is a mature piece of software; well tested and used.
Advantages of Thrift:
26. Thrift is poorly documented.
It is more work to get started on the client side, when the
clients are directly building the calling code. It's less work for
the service owner if they are building libraries for clientsYet
another dependency.
Disadvantages: