This document appears to be a quiz covering topics related to European history and cities. It contains multiple choice questions about the following:
- Tallinn, Estonia (number of harbors, original economy)
- Stockholm protests in the 1960s (against US involvement in Vietnam)
- Founding date of the city of Malaka
- Main source of income in Spain (tourism)
- Location of the first headquarters of the Italian state mint
- Goods sold at Piazza Navona market in Rome
- When Nazzareno Noro began his career
- Illegally sold cigarette brand
- Current uses of the Funkturm tower in Berlin
- Past products of the B
The document discusses the political repression and mass deportations that occurred in Estonia during the Soviet occupation. It notes that 7,000 people were arrested annually, with 6,350 dying, and over 10,000 being arrested and deported during the first major deportation. The document includes photos of families being deported from Estonia and living in exile in Siberia, where over 20,000 Estonians were deported over two days as part of the mass deportations from the Baltic states that affected nearly 95,000 people total.
This document summarizes the history of food markets in Paris from the 5th century to present day. It discusses the earliest markets located on the Ile de la Cité and Place de Grève. In the 12th century, King Louis VI established lands for a market outside the city walls. Over subsequent centuries the markets grew and relocated several times, with Les Halles markets constructed in the mid-19th century. By the 1960s it was decided that Les Halles should move outside the city, and the new Rungis market was opened in 1969. Today, Rungis International Market just outside Paris is the largest wholesale food market in the world, supplying over 1.5 million tons of food to the city
The document summarizes the roles of men and women in Estonian society and culture from the 13th century to present day. It describes how in the 13th century, patriarchal families were common and gender roles were clearly defined, with men having power over wives. It then discusses several important cultural figures and stories in Estonian history like Kalevipoeg and the love story of Hermann and Margareeta. The document also notes that during the Soviet occupation from 1940-1991, there were still less men than women and mothers had to work outside the home. Traditional gender stereotypes are said to have persisted into the modern day in Estonia.
This document discusses early Estonian explorers and their contributions to geographic discovery in the 18th and 19th centuries. It mentions several prominent Estonian explorers like Ferdinand von Wrangell who led early Russian circumnavigations and discovered islands in the Arctic and Antarctica. It also notes that two Estonians, Jakob Kukk and Hermann Regastik, were passengers on the Titanic, with Kukk perishing and Regastik surviving the sinking. Overall, the document highlights how early Estonian explorers played a role in increasing geographic knowledge and participated in notable expeditions in the 18th-19th century Russian Empire and aboard the Titanic.
Trajan's Market, built in the 2nd century, was originally thought to be the world's oldest shopping mall but is now believed to have housed administrative offices. During World War II, Rome had a black market where people sold goods like silverware and antiques to buy food. Porta Portese is a famous flea market that takes place every Saturday in Rome, where vendors sell a variety of new and antique goods.
Kadriorg Palace and Park in Tallinn, Estonia was built in 1718 at the command of Tsar Peter I of Russia as a summer residence. It was designed by Italian architect Niccolò Michetti in the Baroque style. The palace and surrounding park have since served as a symbol of Russian power and influence in Estonia. They remain important historical and cultural sites, with Kadriorg Palace now housing an art museum. The grounds have also hosted the Tallinn Song Festival, a large choral event started in 1869 that was influential during Estonia's Singing Revolution independence movement in the late 1980s.
This document appears to be a quiz covering topics related to European history and cities. It contains multiple choice questions about the following:
- Tallinn, Estonia (number of harbors, original economy)
- Stockholm protests in the 1960s (against US involvement in Vietnam)
- Founding date of the city of Malaka
- Main source of income in Spain (tourism)
- Location of the first headquarters of the Italian state mint
- Goods sold at Piazza Navona market in Rome
- When Nazzareno Noro began his career
- Illegally sold cigarette brand
- Current uses of the Funkturm tower in Berlin
- Past products of the B
The document discusses the political repression and mass deportations that occurred in Estonia during the Soviet occupation. It notes that 7,000 people were arrested annually, with 6,350 dying, and over 10,000 being arrested and deported during the first major deportation. The document includes photos of families being deported from Estonia and living in exile in Siberia, where over 20,000 Estonians were deported over two days as part of the mass deportations from the Baltic states that affected nearly 95,000 people total.
This document summarizes the history of food markets in Paris from the 5th century to present day. It discusses the earliest markets located on the Ile de la Cité and Place de Grève. In the 12th century, King Louis VI established lands for a market outside the city walls. Over subsequent centuries the markets grew and relocated several times, with Les Halles markets constructed in the mid-19th century. By the 1960s it was decided that Les Halles should move outside the city, and the new Rungis market was opened in 1969. Today, Rungis International Market just outside Paris is the largest wholesale food market in the world, supplying over 1.5 million tons of food to the city
The document summarizes the roles of men and women in Estonian society and culture from the 13th century to present day. It describes how in the 13th century, patriarchal families were common and gender roles were clearly defined, with men having power over wives. It then discusses several important cultural figures and stories in Estonian history like Kalevipoeg and the love story of Hermann and Margareeta. The document also notes that during the Soviet occupation from 1940-1991, there were still less men than women and mothers had to work outside the home. Traditional gender stereotypes are said to have persisted into the modern day in Estonia.
This document discusses early Estonian explorers and their contributions to geographic discovery in the 18th and 19th centuries. It mentions several prominent Estonian explorers like Ferdinand von Wrangell who led early Russian circumnavigations and discovered islands in the Arctic and Antarctica. It also notes that two Estonians, Jakob Kukk and Hermann Regastik, were passengers on the Titanic, with Kukk perishing and Regastik surviving the sinking. Overall, the document highlights how early Estonian explorers played a role in increasing geographic knowledge and participated in notable expeditions in the 18th-19th century Russian Empire and aboard the Titanic.
Trajan's Market, built in the 2nd century, was originally thought to be the world's oldest shopping mall but is now believed to have housed administrative offices. During World War II, Rome had a black market where people sold goods like silverware and antiques to buy food. Porta Portese is a famous flea market that takes place every Saturday in Rome, where vendors sell a variety of new and antique goods.
Kadriorg Palace and Park in Tallinn, Estonia was built in 1718 at the command of Tsar Peter I of Russia as a summer residence. It was designed by Italian architect Niccolò Michetti in the Baroque style. The palace and surrounding park have since served as a symbol of Russian power and influence in Estonia. They remain important historical and cultural sites, with Kadriorg Palace now housing an art museum. The grounds have also hosted the Tallinn Song Festival, a large choral event started in 1869 that was influential during Estonia's Singing Revolution independence movement in the late 1980s.
The document discusses the period of history in Estonia known as the "Generation '68". It describes how after Nikita Khrushchev initiated de-Stalinization in 1956, repression and censorship were loosened in the Soviet Union. This led to a more optimistic period in Estonian culture until 1968, when the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia ended hopes for reform. Some key events from this period in Estonia included the 1960 Song Festival, new housing developments, the first jazz festival in 1964, and the opening of the Tallinn-Helsinki seaway in 1965. However, the Soviet grip tightened again after Czechoslovakia. The youth were generally aware of the outside world and skeptical of communism, but protests mainly took the form of writings and
Toompea is a limestone plateau located in Tallinn, Estonia. It is the site of the historic upper town and home to the Estonian parliament building and Toompea Castle. The hill rises about 35 meters above sea level and provides scenic views across the lower town and Tallinn Bay.
The document summarizes key aspects of Estonian amusement and culture from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how Estonia's culture began flourishing in the Era of Awakening from 1860-1880. This led to the founding of the Estonian National Opera society in 1870 and the opening of its grand theatre building, Theatre Estonia, in 1913. The theatre was bombed in 1944 but rebuilt and now produces world-class opera and ballet. The document also briefly outlines the Linnahall concert venue built for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, and notes Estonia's strong theatre culture where students regularly attend performances.
The document lists various streets and landmarks in Tallinn, Estonia such as the former Weighing House, Teenri Street, the Old Market, and the Hay Market. It also names several streets like Harju Street, Viru Street, and Oleviste Str. The document further mentions the Gallows, the house of the executioner, and medieval forms of execution like hanging, death on the wheel, and burning or boiling. Finally, it references an instrument called "The Shrew's Fiddle".
The Tallinn Town Wall was a UNESCO World Heritage Site that formed one of the most powerful defense systems in Northern Europe. Constructed between 1265-1355, the nearly 2.4 km long wall with 46 towers and 8 gates surrounded the 29 hectare medieval town. Over a meter thick and up to 16 meters high, the limestone wall was surrounded by a 2.25 km moat with bridges. Today, around 1.9 km of the wall and 26 towers remain intact as a well-preserved example of medieval fortification architecture.
The document discusses the impact of the 1968 student protests, known as May 68, in Spain under Francisco Franco's fascist dictatorship. While May 68 had little direct impact in Spain due to the authoritarian regime, it influenced growing student and labor movements in the country. The student movement in Spain was already growing since 1968 and protested the dictatorship through demonstrations and concerts. May 68 ideals of social change and liberating oppressed groups helped radicalize these Spanish protest movements and accelerate demands for democratic reforms after Franco's death.
In the 1920s, Berlin established itself as a cultural center with many new opera houses, museums, concert halls and libraries opening. People sought entertainment and fun after World War 1 and economic turmoil. Popular venues like the Wintergarten, Skala and Clarchens Ballhaus hosted dancing, variety acts, and performances that came to define the era. Hotels like the Adlon also rose to prominence, attracting famous international guests like Albert Einstein, the Mann family, and Josephine Baker, becoming symbols of the cultural vibrancy and decadence of the "Roaring 20s" in Berlin.
Italy's economy has seen steady growth since 2011, with its public debt reaching over 2 trillion euros. While inflation has remained below the 2% target, unemployment remained high at 12.2% in 2013. Both Italy's and Rome's GDP decreased in 2012 and 2013, though unemployment in Rome has been falling compared to national rates. The Bank of Italy was established in 1893 and has since taken on central banking responsibilities like currency issuance, banking supervision, and helping stabilize the lira. It works to maintain price stability and protect savings. The State Mint produces euro coins for Italy as well as Vatican City and San Marino.
The economy of Málaga has historically centered around its port and agriculture. The Phoenicians first established the port of Málaga over 2000 years ago and used it for trade. Agriculture, especially wine production, was damaged in the late 1800s by a phylloxera plague but has since recovered. Today, the economy relies heavily on tourism, with the city serving as a gateway to the Costa del Sol coastline and attracting cruise ships and cultural visitors. Other key industries include citrus and olive farming, fishing from the port, and retail trade supported by the large number of shops in the city.
This document provides summaries of several inventions from Berlin, Germany including:
- Ohropax earplugs, invented in 1907 to protect soldiers' hearing during artillery fire and now used for snoring partners or traffic noise.
- The Knirps collapsible umbrella invented in 1928 after the inventor struggled to carry an umbrella and cane, fitting perfectly in his pocket.
- Perlon stockings invented in 1938 from a synthetic fiber that became very popular after World War 2.
- The Z3 computer built in 1941, the first freely programmable functional computer, though it was primitive compared to modern PCs.
- The "Grillwalker" invented in 1998, where a man wore a small grill
The document discusses three important revolutions that took place in German history on November 9th - in 1848, 1918, and 1989. It provides a brief overview of each revolution and maps out some of the key locations in Berlin where revolutionary events occurred, including the Berlin Castle, Unter den Linden, Alexanderplatz, and the Brandenburg Gate.
1. Women in Estonia gained the right to vote in 1918. A heroic mother in Soviet Estonia was one who had more than 10 children.
2. In Sweden, homosexuality became accepted and encouraged. Elsie Ottensen was an informer for contraceptives. "Hen" is a genderless saying that can refer to both he and she.
3. In Spain, Clara Campoamor was the first female lawyer at the Spanish Supreme Court. Women in Spain gained the right to vote in 1931.
The document discusses migration patterns and immigrant populations in several European countries from the 17th century to present day. It asks multiple choice questions about the largest minority group in 17th century Poland, the oldest synagogue in Krakow, the biggest center of foreigners after the Middle Ages in Poland, where Estonians emigrated in the 19th century and why, the meaning of the term "Talendid koju", the largest Estonian communities worldwide, the biggest religion in Sweden after Christianity, the most common affiliation in Sweden, the number of Swedes belonging to the Swedish church, how immigrants influence Malaga, the reasons immigrants come to Malaga, the most abundant population in Malaga, the dominant immigrant nationality in Italy, why
The document outlines Estonia's efforts to enforce social coherency through its welfare state programs and development plans. It discusses how Estonia provides free education and helps those in need to protect human rights and ensure a good life. However, it has failed to reduce waiting times for medical care and the gender pay gap. Its development plan aims to make people financially independent and promote equal opportunities and gender equality.
Estonia regained independence in 1991 and joined the European Union in 2004 after a referendum and negotiations. In 2011, Estonia adopted the euro as its currency. Estonia actively participates in EU affairs through its representatives and presidency term, and promotes digital solutions and e-governance across Europe. Estonia contributes to EU military operations and will hold the presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2018.
The document appears to be a quiz about events in various European countries in the 1960s. It includes questions about the role of the FU-University in protests in Germany in 1968, reasons for student anger against a German publishing company, and ideas of the Commune 1 students. It also includes questions about the beginning of de-Stalinization in the USSR, a famous song in Estonia, and events in Hungary that affected Estonia. Further questions cover protests in Sweden against the Vietnam War, feminist and anti-nuclear movements, as well as events in Spain, Italy, France, and Poland during this time period.
The year 1968 saw widespread protests and social movements across Europe as young people called for change. Students protested against authoritarian political and education systems, the Vietnam War, and for increased freedom and equality. While the goals were similar, seeking changes like independence and human rights, the government responses differed by country. In Spain, Poland and Estonia, governments suppressed protests more aggressively due to tighter control, while in Italy and France the government struggled more to control the unrest. Each country's protests also had their own unique origins and aims, from independence in Estonia and Poland to fighting racism in Germany. Music helped spread the movement in different nations. By the end, some countries like Italy, France and Germany saw gradual progress on goals,
Estonia has become a leader in digital government services, allowing citizens to access services like filing taxes, viewing medical records, and checking children's grades online using digital IDs. Estonia's e-government initiatives began in the early 2000s and have expanded to include e-voting, e-prescriptions, and e-school, contributing to Estonia's nickname as "e-Estonia". These digital transformations were aided by Estonian tech companies like Skype, whose founders were contributors to e-Estonia and had offices in Tallinn.
The document promotes communist ideals and Soviet values through slogans encouraging youth to work hard and be loyal to the Communist Party and its leaders like Stalin. It warns of enemies who must be stopped and stresses the importance of vigilance and restricting speech that could help opponents while promoting Soviet culture and achievements as the only truth.
The Generation 68' Movement was characterized by radicalism and a desire for quick social changes. It was inspired by student uprisings in Paris in 1968 and the Cultural Revolution in China. Young people had greater access to wealth and influence as a result. The movement criticized higher education systems and resulted in the formation of new liberal social trends and subcultures around ideas like feminism, anarchism, and freer views of drugs and sex.
This document summarizes the 1968 student protest movement in Italy. It began as a reaction to economic inequality but grew into a broader revolt against authority. In May 1968, students occupied the architecture faculty at Valle Giulia in Rome, leading to violent clashes with police. This event marked a turning point and inspired students to continue protesting throughout the following decade to gain more political power within the university and challenge traditional power structures. The document also describes specific student protests and occupations at the Liceo Mamiani high school in Rome.
Student groups organized demonstrations in Berlin in 1968 to protest politics, the Vietnam War, and discrimination against women. They also demonstrated against the Axel Springer publishing company. A commune was founded in 1967 by students to oppose fascism and traditional family structures. They lived without hierarchy based on the principles of love, sex, drugs and rock music.
The document discusses the period of history in Estonia known as the "Generation '68". It describes how after Nikita Khrushchev initiated de-Stalinization in 1956, repression and censorship were loosened in the Soviet Union. This led to a more optimistic period in Estonian culture until 1968, when the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia ended hopes for reform. Some key events from this period in Estonia included the 1960 Song Festival, new housing developments, the first jazz festival in 1964, and the opening of the Tallinn-Helsinki seaway in 1965. However, the Soviet grip tightened again after Czechoslovakia. The youth were generally aware of the outside world and skeptical of communism, but protests mainly took the form of writings and
Toompea is a limestone plateau located in Tallinn, Estonia. It is the site of the historic upper town and home to the Estonian parliament building and Toompea Castle. The hill rises about 35 meters above sea level and provides scenic views across the lower town and Tallinn Bay.
The document summarizes key aspects of Estonian amusement and culture from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how Estonia's culture began flourishing in the Era of Awakening from 1860-1880. This led to the founding of the Estonian National Opera society in 1870 and the opening of its grand theatre building, Theatre Estonia, in 1913. The theatre was bombed in 1944 but rebuilt and now produces world-class opera and ballet. The document also briefly outlines the Linnahall concert venue built for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, and notes Estonia's strong theatre culture where students regularly attend performances.
The document lists various streets and landmarks in Tallinn, Estonia such as the former Weighing House, Teenri Street, the Old Market, and the Hay Market. It also names several streets like Harju Street, Viru Street, and Oleviste Str. The document further mentions the Gallows, the house of the executioner, and medieval forms of execution like hanging, death on the wheel, and burning or boiling. Finally, it references an instrument called "The Shrew's Fiddle".
The Tallinn Town Wall was a UNESCO World Heritage Site that formed one of the most powerful defense systems in Northern Europe. Constructed between 1265-1355, the nearly 2.4 km long wall with 46 towers and 8 gates surrounded the 29 hectare medieval town. Over a meter thick and up to 16 meters high, the limestone wall was surrounded by a 2.25 km moat with bridges. Today, around 1.9 km of the wall and 26 towers remain intact as a well-preserved example of medieval fortification architecture.
The document discusses the impact of the 1968 student protests, known as May 68, in Spain under Francisco Franco's fascist dictatorship. While May 68 had little direct impact in Spain due to the authoritarian regime, it influenced growing student and labor movements in the country. The student movement in Spain was already growing since 1968 and protested the dictatorship through demonstrations and concerts. May 68 ideals of social change and liberating oppressed groups helped radicalize these Spanish protest movements and accelerate demands for democratic reforms after Franco's death.
In the 1920s, Berlin established itself as a cultural center with many new opera houses, museums, concert halls and libraries opening. People sought entertainment and fun after World War 1 and economic turmoil. Popular venues like the Wintergarten, Skala and Clarchens Ballhaus hosted dancing, variety acts, and performances that came to define the era. Hotels like the Adlon also rose to prominence, attracting famous international guests like Albert Einstein, the Mann family, and Josephine Baker, becoming symbols of the cultural vibrancy and decadence of the "Roaring 20s" in Berlin.
Italy's economy has seen steady growth since 2011, with its public debt reaching over 2 trillion euros. While inflation has remained below the 2% target, unemployment remained high at 12.2% in 2013. Both Italy's and Rome's GDP decreased in 2012 and 2013, though unemployment in Rome has been falling compared to national rates. The Bank of Italy was established in 1893 and has since taken on central banking responsibilities like currency issuance, banking supervision, and helping stabilize the lira. It works to maintain price stability and protect savings. The State Mint produces euro coins for Italy as well as Vatican City and San Marino.
The economy of Málaga has historically centered around its port and agriculture. The Phoenicians first established the port of Málaga over 2000 years ago and used it for trade. Agriculture, especially wine production, was damaged in the late 1800s by a phylloxera plague but has since recovered. Today, the economy relies heavily on tourism, with the city serving as a gateway to the Costa del Sol coastline and attracting cruise ships and cultural visitors. Other key industries include citrus and olive farming, fishing from the port, and retail trade supported by the large number of shops in the city.
This document provides summaries of several inventions from Berlin, Germany including:
- Ohropax earplugs, invented in 1907 to protect soldiers' hearing during artillery fire and now used for snoring partners or traffic noise.
- The Knirps collapsible umbrella invented in 1928 after the inventor struggled to carry an umbrella and cane, fitting perfectly in his pocket.
- Perlon stockings invented in 1938 from a synthetic fiber that became very popular after World War 2.
- The Z3 computer built in 1941, the first freely programmable functional computer, though it was primitive compared to modern PCs.
- The "Grillwalker" invented in 1998, where a man wore a small grill
The document discusses three important revolutions that took place in German history on November 9th - in 1848, 1918, and 1989. It provides a brief overview of each revolution and maps out some of the key locations in Berlin where revolutionary events occurred, including the Berlin Castle, Unter den Linden, Alexanderplatz, and the Brandenburg Gate.
1. Women in Estonia gained the right to vote in 1918. A heroic mother in Soviet Estonia was one who had more than 10 children.
2. In Sweden, homosexuality became accepted and encouraged. Elsie Ottensen was an informer for contraceptives. "Hen" is a genderless saying that can refer to both he and she.
3. In Spain, Clara Campoamor was the first female lawyer at the Spanish Supreme Court. Women in Spain gained the right to vote in 1931.
The document discusses migration patterns and immigrant populations in several European countries from the 17th century to present day. It asks multiple choice questions about the largest minority group in 17th century Poland, the oldest synagogue in Krakow, the biggest center of foreigners after the Middle Ages in Poland, where Estonians emigrated in the 19th century and why, the meaning of the term "Talendid koju", the largest Estonian communities worldwide, the biggest religion in Sweden after Christianity, the most common affiliation in Sweden, the number of Swedes belonging to the Swedish church, how immigrants influence Malaga, the reasons immigrants come to Malaga, the most abundant population in Malaga, the dominant immigrant nationality in Italy, why
The document outlines Estonia's efforts to enforce social coherency through its welfare state programs and development plans. It discusses how Estonia provides free education and helps those in need to protect human rights and ensure a good life. However, it has failed to reduce waiting times for medical care and the gender pay gap. Its development plan aims to make people financially independent and promote equal opportunities and gender equality.
Estonia regained independence in 1991 and joined the European Union in 2004 after a referendum and negotiations. In 2011, Estonia adopted the euro as its currency. Estonia actively participates in EU affairs through its representatives and presidency term, and promotes digital solutions and e-governance across Europe. Estonia contributes to EU military operations and will hold the presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2018.
The document appears to be a quiz about events in various European countries in the 1960s. It includes questions about the role of the FU-University in protests in Germany in 1968, reasons for student anger against a German publishing company, and ideas of the Commune 1 students. It also includes questions about the beginning of de-Stalinization in the USSR, a famous song in Estonia, and events in Hungary that affected Estonia. Further questions cover protests in Sweden against the Vietnam War, feminist and anti-nuclear movements, as well as events in Spain, Italy, France, and Poland during this time period.
The year 1968 saw widespread protests and social movements across Europe as young people called for change. Students protested against authoritarian political and education systems, the Vietnam War, and for increased freedom and equality. While the goals were similar, seeking changes like independence and human rights, the government responses differed by country. In Spain, Poland and Estonia, governments suppressed protests more aggressively due to tighter control, while in Italy and France the government struggled more to control the unrest. Each country's protests also had their own unique origins and aims, from independence in Estonia and Poland to fighting racism in Germany. Music helped spread the movement in different nations. By the end, some countries like Italy, France and Germany saw gradual progress on goals,
Estonia has become a leader in digital government services, allowing citizens to access services like filing taxes, viewing medical records, and checking children's grades online using digital IDs. Estonia's e-government initiatives began in the early 2000s and have expanded to include e-voting, e-prescriptions, and e-school, contributing to Estonia's nickname as "e-Estonia". These digital transformations were aided by Estonian tech companies like Skype, whose founders were contributors to e-Estonia and had offices in Tallinn.
The document promotes communist ideals and Soviet values through slogans encouraging youth to work hard and be loyal to the Communist Party and its leaders like Stalin. It warns of enemies who must be stopped and stresses the importance of vigilance and restricting speech that could help opponents while promoting Soviet culture and achievements as the only truth.
The Generation 68' Movement was characterized by radicalism and a desire for quick social changes. It was inspired by student uprisings in Paris in 1968 and the Cultural Revolution in China. Young people had greater access to wealth and influence as a result. The movement criticized higher education systems and resulted in the formation of new liberal social trends and subcultures around ideas like feminism, anarchism, and freer views of drugs and sex.
This document summarizes the 1968 student protest movement in Italy. It began as a reaction to economic inequality but grew into a broader revolt against authority. In May 1968, students occupied the architecture faculty at Valle Giulia in Rome, leading to violent clashes with police. This event marked a turning point and inspired students to continue protesting throughout the following decade to gain more political power within the university and challenge traditional power structures. The document also describes specific student protests and occupations at the Liceo Mamiani high school in Rome.
Student groups organized demonstrations in Berlin in 1968 to protest politics, the Vietnam War, and discrimination against women. They also demonstrated against the Axel Springer publishing company. A commune was founded in 1967 by students to oppose fascism and traditional family structures. They lived without hierarchy based on the principles of love, sex, drugs and rock music.
Tallinn has a long history as a trade hub dating back to the 8th century BC due to its strategic geographical placement on the Baltic Sea. As a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century, Tallinn developed ports and guilds that helped defend the city and promote trade. Today, Tallinn remains an important center of trade and economy for Estonia through its airport, harbors, and information technology industry.
The document summarizes medieval craft guilds. Craft guilds were organizations that set standards for professions and protected members' interests. To become a member, one had to progress through apprenticeship, journeyman, and master levels. Craft guilds regulated competition between members by fixing prices and banning advertising. They also provided benefits like caring for sick or orphaned members. The two main types of medieval guilds were merchant guilds and craft guilds.
7. ALEXANDER NEVSKY
CATHEDRAL BUILT IN
TIME OF
RUSSIFICATION,
LOCATED IN FRONT OF
THE PRESENT
ESTONIA GOVERMENT
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander-Newski-Kathedrale.JPG
8. 1918 – THE FIRST REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
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g/wiki/Pilt:EstFlagT
allHrmn.jpg
http://et.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Pilt:Estonia-
bandera.jpg
9. THE GOLDEN BOOK OF THE JEWS
http://www.202.org.il/Pictures/Foo
ter/luach/kkl_full.jpg
10. ESTONIANS AROUND THE WORLD
http://rahvuskaaslased.hm.ee/index.php?id=116
http://rahvuskaaslased.hm.ee/index.php?id=116
http://rahvuskaaslased.hm.ee/index.php?id=116
11. ESTONIAN VILLAGE THIRLMERE IN AUSTRALIA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:E
stonian_Village_Thirlmere.jpg
22. CAMPAIGN “TALENDID KOJU”
(“BRINGING TALENT HOME”) WAS HELD
TO BRING BACK YOUNG PEOPLE WHO
HAD GONE TO STUDY ABROAD
http://www.koda.ee/public/.thumbnails/Talendid_Koju_logo_520x128.jp
g