In yeast room where preparing and storing yeast which is probably used for as raw material to making edible food. the infestation of red flour beetle occurred in the same room when yeast gone to open from there tight packing.
This presentation gives a little details about 5th generation of cephalosporins and their usage.
it was done as a university presentation for Microbiology class.
This document provides an overview of cephalosporin antibiotics, including their history, classification, mechanisms of action and resistance, uses, and adverse reactions. Some key points:
- Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. They were first discovered from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium in 1948.
- They are classified into generations based on spectrum of activity. Newer generations have activity against a broader range of bacteria, including some resistant to earlier generations.
- They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis via binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Resistance can occur via beta-lactamase production or target modification.
-
Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibiotics derived from cephalosporin-C obtained from a fungus. They are chemically related to penicillins and consist of a β-lactum ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring. Cephalosporins are classified into four generations based on their antibacterial spectrum, with later generations having greater activity against gram-negative bacteria and resistance to β-lactamases. They work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis and resistance can develop through alterations in target proteins or β-lactamase production. Common uses include respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
This document summarizes different generations of cephalosporin and penem group of antibiotics. It discusses their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, beta-lactamase stability, and uses. First, second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporins have increasing spectrum and stability against gram-negative bacteria. Specific antibiotics mentioned include cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ceftiofur.
The invention relates to a molecular diagnostic method for detecting the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina in infected soil, seed and plant samples.
Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis. They are classified into four generations based on their spectrum of activity and resistance to beta-lactamases. First generation cephalosporins are narrow spectrum and sensitive to beta-lactamases. Second generation have intermediate spectrum and sensitivity. Third generation are broad spectrum and highly resistant. Fourth generation are also broad spectrum and highly resistant. Cephalosporins vary in their ability to cross the blood brain barrier and are excreted primarily through renal or biliary pathways. They are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
This presentation gives a little details about 5th generation of cephalosporins and their usage.
it was done as a university presentation for Microbiology class.
This document provides an overview of cephalosporin antibiotics, including their history, classification, mechanisms of action and resistance, uses, and adverse reactions. Some key points:
- Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. They were first discovered from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium in 1948.
- They are classified into generations based on spectrum of activity. Newer generations have activity against a broader range of bacteria, including some resistant to earlier generations.
- They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis via binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Resistance can occur via beta-lactamase production or target modification.
-
Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibiotics derived from cephalosporin-C obtained from a fungus. They are chemically related to penicillins and consist of a β-lactum ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring. Cephalosporins are classified into four generations based on their antibacterial spectrum, with later generations having greater activity against gram-negative bacteria and resistance to β-lactamases. They work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis and resistance can develop through alterations in target proteins or β-lactamase production. Common uses include respiratory, urinary, and soft tissue infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
This document summarizes different generations of cephalosporin and penem group of antibiotics. It discusses their mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, beta-lactamase stability, and uses. First, second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporins have increasing spectrum and stability against gram-negative bacteria. Specific antibiotics mentioned include cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ceftiofur.
The invention relates to a molecular diagnostic method for detecting the presence of the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina in infected soil, seed and plant samples.
Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis. They are classified into four generations based on their spectrum of activity and resistance to beta-lactamases. First generation cephalosporins are narrow spectrum and sensitive to beta-lactamases. Second generation have intermediate spectrum and sensitivity. Third generation are broad spectrum and highly resistant. Fourth generation are also broad spectrum and highly resistant. Cephalosporins vary in their ability to cross the blood brain barrier and are excreted primarily through renal or biliary pathways. They are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium. They are divided into generations based on their spectrum of activity. First generation cephalosporins such as cephazolin are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Second generation cephalosporins like cefuroxime have increased activity against Haemophilus influenzae and are used to treat respiratory tract infections. Third generation cephalosporins demonstrate better activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to prior generations and some like ceftriaxone have activity against Neisseria meningitidis making them useful for treating bacterial meningitis. Fourth generation cephalospor
This document discusses a comparative study conducted by Ranbaxy to analyze the market potential of its antibiotic product Cefpodoxime. It provides details on Cefpodoxime's microbiology profile and effectiveness against various bacteria. The document also lists several other Ranbaxy products that are being considered for the product portfolio. It then outlines the objectives of a market research study conducted among retailers in South Delhi to understand the market share and sales of Ranbaxy products compared to competitors. Key findings from the analysis of 100 retailers are presented in the form of graphs showing weekly sales of Ranbaxy products across different locations. Factors affecting sales like cost, advertisements, profit schemes, and doctor visits are also mentioned.
In a workshop on micropipetting and aseptic techniques, students practiced precise micropipetting and isolating bacteria colonies from Petri dishes. They conducted an experiment where mixing different substances at different volumes produced different colors, showing the importance of accurate volumes. In the aseptic techniques section, students learned how agar prevents bacteria contamination and how to isolate colonies without contaminating plates, crucial for identifying specific bacteria types.
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics related to penicillin that are bactericidal. They work by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis through their beta-lactam ring structure. Cephalosporins are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and are used to treat various infections. Newer generations of cephalosporins have greater activity against gram-negative bacteria with decreased activity against gram-positive organisms. Ceftobiprole and ceftaroline are fourth generation cephalosporins effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through binding to resistant penicillin-binding proteins PBP2a and PBP2x.
The cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are structurally similar to penicillins. They were first isolated from the fungus Cephalosporium and are now produced semisynthetically. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their antimicrobial spectra and resistance to β-lactamases. They are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. First generation cephalosporins are used for skin infections while third generation agents treat serious infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and other pathogens. Fourth generation cephalosporins like cefepime are reserved for nosocomial infections with antibiotic resistance.
This document discusses cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics similar to penicillins. It covers the classifications of first, second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporins and describes their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. The key points are:
- Cephalosporins act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis and are bactericidal. They are ineffective against certain bacteria like MRSA.
- Classifications are based on spectra of activity, with later generations having broader spectra. Uses include respiratory, skin, urinary infections and surgical prophylaxis.
- They are excreted renally and have varying protein binding
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Generations of cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria. Resistance develops through beta-lactamase production and alterations of penicillin-binding proteins. Carbapenems are beta-lactam antibiotics with a 5-member ring that are resistant to most beta-lactamases. Monobactams like aztreonam also resist beta-lactamases and have activity similar to aminoglycosides without the toxicity.
- Antibiotics selectively target microbial processes without harming human host cells. Proper antibiotic use and hand hygiene have improved patient outcomes.
- Many antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi to inhibit competition. Major classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
- Antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged through various mechanisms and poses a growing challenge.
Biology of vertebrate and there managementMANISH JADHAV
The vertebrates of greatest pest importance to humans are the bats, bird, commercial mice and rats and squirrel which either roost or nest on or within human structures or nearby. These animals are not only a nuisance, but they may damage or destroy the property, eat and contaminate stored food. For example, bats may transmit rabies; bat and bird droppings are a common source of the respiratory fungal diseases histoplasmosis; rat and mice are vectors of the food poisoning, rat-bite fever, murine typhus.
This document summarizes a technical training on types of termites and their attributes. It discusses 5 main types of termites - dampwood termites, southeastern drywood termites, western drywood termites, desert subterranean termites. For each type, it describes their habitat, recognition (of workers, soldiers, swarmers), and some unique attributes. The document also discusses pre-construction and post-construction termite management strategies like physical and chemical barriers, baiting systems, inspection and localized treatment options.
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Types of Cockroaches and there AttributesMANISH JADHAV
Cockroaches are among the most important pest of households and
commercial establishments.
2) Cockroaches are oval in outline, body usually flattened, head partially or entirely concealed beneath pronotal shield. Front wings lathery with veins, although veins may be reduced. Antennae long and threadlike. Abdominal cerci usually long, not forceps-like. Tarsi 5-segmented. Mouth part chewing.
Fumigation is a method of pest control using toxic gas. It involves sealing an area and introducing gas to kill pests within. Common fumigants include phosphine and methyl bromide. Fumigation is used for bulk storage of grains and other commodities. Effective fumigation requires integrated pest management including inspection, sealing, application of fumigant at the right dosage, aeration, and monitoring. Stored product pests that can be controlled include grain beetles, moths, mites and other insects.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium. They are divided into generations based on their spectrum of activity. First generation cephalosporins such as cephazolin are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Second generation cephalosporins like cefuroxime have increased activity against Haemophilus influenzae and are used to treat respiratory tract infections. Third generation cephalosporins demonstrate better activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to prior generations and some like ceftriaxone have activity against Neisseria meningitidis making them useful for treating bacterial meningitis. Fourth generation cephalospor
This document discusses a comparative study conducted by Ranbaxy to analyze the market potential of its antibiotic product Cefpodoxime. It provides details on Cefpodoxime's microbiology profile and effectiveness against various bacteria. The document also lists several other Ranbaxy products that are being considered for the product portfolio. It then outlines the objectives of a market research study conducted among retailers in South Delhi to understand the market share and sales of Ranbaxy products compared to competitors. Key findings from the analysis of 100 retailers are presented in the form of graphs showing weekly sales of Ranbaxy products across different locations. Factors affecting sales like cost, advertisements, profit schemes, and doctor visits are also mentioned.
In a workshop on micropipetting and aseptic techniques, students practiced precise micropipetting and isolating bacteria colonies from Petri dishes. They conducted an experiment where mixing different substances at different volumes produced different colors, showing the importance of accurate volumes. In the aseptic techniques section, students learned how agar prevents bacteria contamination and how to isolate colonies without contaminating plates, crucial for identifying specific bacteria types.
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics related to penicillin that are bactericidal. They work by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis through their beta-lactam ring structure. Cephalosporins are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and are used to treat various infections. Newer generations of cephalosporins have greater activity against gram-negative bacteria with decreased activity against gram-positive organisms. Ceftobiprole and ceftaroline are fourth generation cephalosporins effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through binding to resistant penicillin-binding proteins PBP2a and PBP2x.
The cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics that are structurally similar to penicillins. They were first isolated from the fungus Cephalosporium and are now produced semisynthetically. Cephalosporins are classified into generations based on their antimicrobial spectra and resistance to β-lactamases. They are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. First generation cephalosporins are used for skin infections while third generation agents treat serious infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and other pathogens. Fourth generation cephalosporins like cefepime are reserved for nosocomial infections with antibiotic resistance.
This document discusses cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics similar to penicillins. It covers the classifications of first, second, third, and fourth generation cephalosporins and describes their mechanisms of action, spectra of activity, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. The key points are:
- Cephalosporins act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis and are bactericidal. They are ineffective against certain bacteria like MRSA.
- Classifications are based on spectra of activity, with later generations having broader spectra. Uses include respiratory, skin, urinary infections and surgical prophylaxis.
- They are excreted renally and have varying protein binding
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics derived from the fungus Cephalosporium. They work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis through binding to penicillin-binding proteins. Generations of cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria. Resistance develops through beta-lactamase production and alterations of penicillin-binding proteins. Carbapenems are beta-lactam antibiotics with a 5-member ring that are resistant to most beta-lactamases. Monobactams like aztreonam also resist beta-lactamases and have activity similar to aminoglycosides without the toxicity.
- Antibiotics selectively target microbial processes without harming human host cells. Proper antibiotic use and hand hygiene have improved patient outcomes.
- Many antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi to inhibit competition. Major classes include penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
- Antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall, protein, or nucleic acid synthesis. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged through various mechanisms and poses a growing challenge.
Biology of vertebrate and there managementMANISH JADHAV
The vertebrates of greatest pest importance to humans are the bats, bird, commercial mice and rats and squirrel which either roost or nest on or within human structures or nearby. These animals are not only a nuisance, but they may damage or destroy the property, eat and contaminate stored food. For example, bats may transmit rabies; bat and bird droppings are a common source of the respiratory fungal diseases histoplasmosis; rat and mice are vectors of the food poisoning, rat-bite fever, murine typhus.
This document summarizes a technical training on types of termites and their attributes. It discusses 5 main types of termites - dampwood termites, southeastern drywood termites, western drywood termites, desert subterranean termites. For each type, it describes their habitat, recognition (of workers, soldiers, swarmers), and some unique attributes. The document also discusses pre-construction and post-construction termite management strategies like physical and chemical barriers, baiting systems, inspection and localized treatment options.
The non-biting flies are one of the most important pest group because they are not only nuisance pests, but many are also important in disease transmission.
2) Flies feed on a variety of food materials but most of those of structural importance develop in either fermenting or decaying organic matter, although a few are parasitic on other animals. Fly control is often quite challenging because their larval developmental sites must usually be located and eliminated for success, and these sites may be some distance from where the adults are nuisance. Also, flies may invade the walls and attics of structures in large numbers to overwinter, presenting winter-time control challenge.
Types of Cockroaches and there AttributesMANISH JADHAV
Cockroaches are among the most important pest of households and
commercial establishments.
2) Cockroaches are oval in outline, body usually flattened, head partially or entirely concealed beneath pronotal shield. Front wings lathery with veins, although veins may be reduced. Antennae long and threadlike. Abdominal cerci usually long, not forceps-like. Tarsi 5-segmented. Mouth part chewing.
Fumigation is a method of pest control using toxic gas. It involves sealing an area and introducing gas to kill pests within. Common fumigants include phosphine and methyl bromide. Fumigation is used for bulk storage of grains and other commodities. Effective fumigation requires integrated pest management including inspection, sealing, application of fumigant at the right dosage, aeration, and monitoring. Stored product pests that can be controlled include grain beetles, moths, mites and other insects.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
1. ENTOMOLOGIST REPORT FOR RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium
castaneum) INSIDE YEAST ROOM FIRST FLOOR
DATE OF INSPECTION -: 16/04/2017
A) FINDINGS -:
The FMG inside yeast room first floorwas noted significant
population of dead and live Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium
castaneum) inside machineries and pellets containing raw
material food products. (According to pest control
coordinator of FMG)
The FMG inside old stored product warehouse have noted
significant population of dead and live Red Flour Beetle
(Tribolium castaneum) inside pellets containing raw
material food products. (According my inspection)
B) OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE -:
2. DEAD AND LIVE INFESTATION OF RED FLOUR BEETLE INSIDE OLD
WAREHOUSE PELLETS CONTAINING FLOUR PRODUCTS
C) RECOMMENDATIONS -:
a) CURATIVE MEASURES -:
Initial pest control service team has sprayed recommended
insecticide inside the first floor yeast room including interior
perimeter and inside ceiling area as short term curative
action but for the long term curative action is warehouse
fumigation.
b) PREVENTIVE MEASURES -:
Below are preventive actions needs to be taken against this
issue.
1) The raw materials to be received from the supplier
should be fumigated before coming to FMG warehouse
if possible.
2) All incoming consignments should be inspected
thoroughly before beingtransferred from the warehouse
to the factory. This is in order to minimize spread of pest
from warehouse to factory.
3. 3) The main shutter door of warehouse noted open during
non-operations. So, always keep close entrance shutter
door close during non-operation to avoid pest entry.
4) Regular deep cleaning would be advisable inside and
outside warehouse on the daily basis.