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The document discusses the importance of sustainability in engineering, outlining its benefits and the roles engineers can play as change agents in creating a sustainable future. It provides a framework for approaching sustainability, emphasizing the need for integrated strategies that address environmental challenges while enhancing business value. Key points include the business opportunities presented by sustainability, examples of best practices from leading companies, and the necessary steps for organizations to begin their sustainability journey.

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Engineering Success Through Sustainability John Harrington May 9, 2011
Today is about.. • Understanding Sustainability • Discussing the key issues • A framework to structure your approach • What it means for your and your business • Getting started - 4 steps, 3 questions, 7 derailers • Examples of best practice / products • Leadership
Engineering graduates are ideally perceived to have technical expertise …. and who, as change-agents, provide the creativity and impetus to shape industry and public- services for a successful and sustainable future. Professional Progression Programme 2011 – 2013 PARTICIPANT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
Objectives… • Overview of sustainability • Define in technical, measurable terms • Describe a framework and why it’s useful • Outline first order principles of sustainability • Review key tools • Explore business case • Illustrate why engineers well placed to lead • Interactive participation and practical exercises • Explore link between sustainability and innovation
Introductions… Name Job Title Why you’re here
Benefits of Sustainability: Competitive Advantage, Innovation and new sources of income
Mainstream Renewable, Siemens, Nokia, Toyota, Tesco, McDonalds, Diageo, Intel, Adidas
RealEyes Sustainability Ltd. • Help organisations benefit from sustainability • Training, Auditing, Facilitation, Consultancy • The Real voyage of discovery lies not in finding new lands, but in seeing with fresh Eyes. Marcel Proust
The Natural Step (TNS) Not for profit organisation established in 1988 by oncologist Karl Henrik Robert Now global with partners in 30 countries Nike, Ikea, Panasonic, ICI, Interface, Scandic Hotels 100’s municipalities in Sweden, US, Japan, Italy, France, Canada, and Ireland To develop and share a common framework which centres on easily understood, scientifically based principles that can service as a compass to guide society toward a sustainable future
Leading Companies
What is Sustainability ?
Success Strategic Action Tools
Engineering… • The application of science and mathematics by which the properties of matter and the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people • www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/engineering • Scale? • Time period ?
Sustainable Development • .. development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs • Meet human needs within environmental limits
The concepts and principles of sustainable development place a burden on the engineer, a burden to change the way we do business Jose Medem Sanjuan, president of WFEO World Federation of Engineering Organisations
Business as Usual Model
Take, Make, Waste 6% Product Raw Materials 94% Waste 80% of products discarded after a single use Therefore, 99% of the original materials used in the production of, or contained in, the goods made in the US become waste within 6 weeks Source: NAE / Factor 4
Sustainability is… Think about… • Key issues - for your business and you personally • Risks and opportunities • Hard and soft stuff
Slide 24
Fourth Assessment Report……. a summary CO2 levels at their highest for 650,000 years. Climate change “unequivocally” happening, and 90% certain that it’s due to man- made emissions. “Best guess” indicates global temperature will rise by 1.8°c to 4°c by 2100. Worst case “up to 6.4°c”. Policy responses geared to hold temperature increase below 2°c. 450 ppm CO2 emerging as new consensus figure. 386.80 ppm in September 2010 10-15 years to put in place serious measures to start reducing emissions of CO2. Slide 25
Stern Review
Slide 63
Nine Fundamental Human Needs
Energy Use in Ireland • Fossil Fuel accounted for 96% of all energy use in Ireland in 2007 • 60 million barrels of oil equivalent • We import almost 90% of our primary energy demands • €6B on energy imports
Sunday April 11 2010 US military warns oil output may dip causing massive shortages by 2015 Slide 33
The Times March 7, 2008 ‘Rush for biofuels threatens starvation on a global scale’ In 2007 1/3 of US corn acreage was earmarked for bioethanol Slide 1
Slide 36
Resource scarcity
One kg of grain-fed beef needs at least 23,000 litres of water Slide 38
Undervalued Biodiversity
Philippe Rekacewicz, UNEP/GRID-Arenda
Percent Increase in Nitrogen Flows in Rivers Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Slide 42
Hurricane Katrina •$110 Billion •15 million people affected in 7 states •1,836 people killed • Category 4 and 5 hurricanes have almost doubled in the last 30 years •Key natural defences destroyed - mangroves
8,194,797 Tons of toxic chemicals released by • 310 Kg of toxic chemicals released every second • 10 million tons released into our environment each year • Of these, over 2 million tons are recognized carcinogens • 65 Kg or carcinogens each second
Fisheries peaking Pre-peak Harvest peak Slide 46 Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and Sea Around Us project
Why Sustainability ?
“Sustainability is the single biggest business opportunity of the 21st century”. Lee Scott – CEO Walmart
Change in Organisational Value Drivers 1981 2007 Tangibles Financials 80% 20% Intangibles 20% 80% Non-financials Brand image/Reputation Stake holder relationships (investors, media, public, customers, banks, govern- ments, insurers, scientists employees) Arthur D. Little, The Business Case for Corporate Citizenship , 2002
CEO Study • 93% of CEOs believe that sustainability issues will be critical to the future success of their business. • 88% of CEOs believe that they should be integrating sustainability through their supply chain.
Sustainability Continuum 5. Purpose/Passion Values-driven founder / CEO 4. Integrated Strategy Enhanced business value 3. Beyond Compliance Eco-efficiencies PR crisis / Opportunity Regulatory threat 2. Compliance Regulatory enforcement 1. Pre-Compliance Source: Adapted from Bob Willard’s Sustainability Advantage
Sustainability = Profitability • Potential profit increases from integrated sustainability strategies: • Large organisations potential for +38% increase • Small to medium organisation +66% increase – source Bob Willard, The Business case for sustainability, 2008)
Sustainable Organisation Benefits • Operational efficiencies • Efficient use of resources Cost Savings • Supply chain optimisation • Reputation • Value for money • Trust, quality, respect Pricing Power Margin • Credibility • Employee engagement Attract and Retain • First choice for top talent Talent • Employee productivity • Low rates of attrition • Customer loyalty Market Share • Lower churn • Attract new customers Revenue Growth • Easier to enter new markets New Market Entry • More sources of funding Source: Business Case for Sustainability, Boston Consulting Group
Exposure
Source: MIT Sloan Management Review ‘The Business of Sustainability, findings and insights from the first annual business of sustainability survey and global thought leaders report’ 2009
Strategies, Policies and Plans • National Climate Change Strategy, 2007-2012 • National Energy Efficiency Plan 2009 - improve energy efficiency by 33% • National Heritage Plan - 2002 • National Biodiversity Plan - 2002 • EU voluntary target of 50% GPP • National Action Plan on Green Public Procurement • Framework for Climate Change bill - 80% reduction in net emissions on 1990 levels, 3% per annum until 2020 • Carbon Tax • Smarter Travel - A Sustainable Transport Future - A new transport policy for Ireland 2009 - 2020
Which Tool? Which Tool?
Sustainable Procurement
Changing Consumer Trends 1996 - 2006: • 70-80% of consumers said they were are switching to “green” companies, but only 10% actually did 2006: • 20% buy green (Sustainable brand study by egg, March 07) 2008: • 33% buy green (Globescan and McKinsey Study, 2008)
“For years, the statistics have registered an increasingly strong economic growth as victory over shortage, until it emerged that this growth was destroying more than it was Nicolas Sarkozy, 14/9/09
Economic Growth Climate Change Energy Loss of Biodiversity Toxicity Obesity Water Scarcity Poverty Waste Flooding Food Security
Conclusions so far Sustainability is.. • complex • good for business • not where we are now • requires a different approach
Sustainability is not about addressing climate change, water shortage, energy transport or any other single issue. It's about solving these challenges using an integrated approach from strategy development to technical consulting to project implementation - Lee McIntire, Chairman and CEO, CH2M HILL
Integrated Approach
Systems Decline
Dec linin g re sou rce Threats s&  Increasing Costs life sup  Forests por ting sys  Agriculture tem s  Fisheries  Ground water  Climate  Metals  POP’s  Eutrophy ion  Hormones su mpt con  Social trap so urce & re  Segregation n latio  Corruption p opu ing  Epidemias cr eas In  Poverty Time
Some Basic Science • Matter is constant - closed system to matter • Matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed • Everything breaks down / disperses - Law of entropy • Open system to energy • Photosynthesis pays the bills
4 3 2 1
In a sustainable society, nature is not subject to systematically increasing of.. 1 • Concentrations of substances extracted from the earth’s crust 2 • Concentrations of substances produced by society 3 • Degradation by physical means And in that society.. 4 • People are not subject to conditions that undermine their capacity to meet their needs
“Success is a science, if you have the conditions you get the results” Oscar Wilde
ABC Ltd will.... The build-up of materials extracted from the earths crust including fossil fuels, heavy metals and associated wastes The build-up of synthetic substances produced by society (flame redardants, biophenols, fertilisers etc.
ABC Ltd will....
ABC Ltd will....
ABC Ltd will....
These principles are.. • Necessary • Sufficient (to cover all aspects of success), • General (to make sense for all stakeholders), • Concrete (to guide problem solving and actions), • Non-overlapping (to enable comprehension as well as development of indicators for monitoring).
Success Strategic Action Tools
Getting Practical Embed Get Credible, Stay Credible and Align Dialogue Mobilize Commitment Collaborate, Educate, Network Build Case(s) for Change Meet Them Where They Are Develop Piggyback Existing Initiatives Strategies Assess Current Influence the Influencers Realities Practice “Planful Opportunism” Inspire Shared Vision(s) Wake Up and Decide
•Buy-in, Awareness •Snr Commitment •Training •Green Team •Events •Tours •Support
•Sustainability Analysis •Practice and performance •Business Case
Practice and Performance Practice versus Performance Text 100 WORLD CLASS 90 Performance Index 80 VULNERABLE Won’t go CONTENDERS 70 the distance En route 60 50 40 PROMISING 30 COULD DO BETTER Untapped Risk and opportunity potential 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Practice Index
•Sustainable Org. •Visioning Workshop •Innovations / investments / actions •Combine with culture, values etc.
•Action planning •Prioritisation •3 strategic Q’s •Right direction ? •Flexible? •Return on investment ?
Dec linin g re sou rce s & li fe s uppo r ting syst ems tion ump cons urce & reso lation Incr easi ng p opu Step in right direction? Is it a flexible platform? Return on investment?
Which Tool? Which Tool?
Practice and Performance Practice versus Performance Text 100 WORLD CLASS 90 Performance Index 80 VULNERABLE Won’t go CONTENDERS 70 the distance En route 60 50 40 PROMISING 30 COULD DO BETTER Untapped Risk and opportunity potential 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Practice Index
4 Steps to Sustainability • 4 steps that automate systems thinking and ‘backcasting’ • Move away from ‘fixing’ problems and lunging from one crisis to another to the next • Establish a sustainability gap • Develop actions that bridge the gap • Set up creative tension between future success and where we are today • More creative, collaborative and innovative
Case Studies
• $1.3billion turnover, Fortune 1000 company. • Worlds largest producer of contract commercial carpets. • Sold in over 100 countries with factories in 29 locations globally (inc NI, Thailand, China and Australia) • Manufactures and sell more the 40% of the carpet tiles used worldwide in commercial buildings • Employs more then 7,400 people worldwide, • Fortune magazine rated it one of top 100 employers and one of the 10 most admired companies
• Vision: To be the first company that, by its deeds, shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is in all its dimensions: People, process, product, place and profits — by 2020 — and in doing so we will become restorative through the power of influence • Strategy: Mission Zero - Our promise to eliminate any negative impact our company may have on the environment by the year 2020
Interface “As we climb mount Sustainability, with the four TNS system conditions at the top, we are doing better than ever on bottom line business. This is not at the cost of social or ecological systems, but at the cost of our competitors who still havenʼt got Blekinge Inst. of Tech. SE-371 79 Karlskrona it”. +46 455 38 50 00 Portland US, October 2007, Ray Andersson, President, Founder and CEO, Interface. Inc. www.bth.se/eng
Stewarts Care Palmerstown Campus, Dublin 20 15-Year Energy Services Contract with Dalkia March 2012
Who are Stewarts Charitable Foundation 140 year tradition in the provision of care for people with intellectual disability They work in the community and on their own sites Services provided regardless of age, religion, socio- economic background and encompassing every degree of intellectual disability They have facilities such as equestrian centres, leisure centres, educational centres and medical centres for use by our clients March 2012
Who are Dalkia Dalkia’s Business: Producing energy efficiency 53,457 employees in 42 countries, 71% outside of France Revenue: €8.6 billion 119,600 energy facilities managed 114.7 TWh energy managed capacity Reduction of 7.1 million metric tones of CO2 in 2010 March 2012
Initial context Inefficient energy plant High energy costs High dependency on oil High maintenance costs March 2012
Results: Energy Costs March 2012
GGBS - Environmental Savings • GGBS / OPC - 970 kg / 60 kg Co2 tonne • 1000 m3 of concrete - (50/50 OPC/GGBS) • 1425 kg’s of cement • 577.1 tonnes of Co2 saved (185.3 cars, 181 years of electricity in average home) • 1781 kg’s of Sox, 2493 kg’s of (NOx) saved • 1781kg’s of CO, 310kg’s fine particulate matter (PM10) saved • 40% reduction in embodied energy (50/50 - GGBS/OPC) • No limestone / shale required (1.6 tonne per tonne of OPC)http:// www.ecocem.ie/index.php?p=environmental&q=calculator
BubbleDeck • 1kg of recycled plastic replaces 100kg of concrete • Fewer building elements compared to steel frame and metal decking • Cost saving between 2.5% to 10% of total construction costs • Combination GGBS / Bubbledeck - 70% reduction in CO2
SolarPrint • DSSC is a third generation photovoltaic (PV) technology • Ability to harness diffuse light • Higher power output over the course of an average day • Lower cost (under high volume manufacturing) • Printable on metal or plastic • Different colours and opacities • Collaboration with Fiat (CRF) • Smart sunroof integrating DSSC technology
Accoya • Made from cheap pine • Properties that match tropical hardwood • Treated with acetic anhydride, from acetic acid (vinegar, in dilute form) • Vastly reduces woods ability to absorb water • No toxic preservatives • No maintenance • Designed to last over 60 years in wet environment • Source: http://www.accoya.com/accoya.html
Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better Vision: – To be supplied 100% by renewable energy; – To create zero waste; – To sell products that sustain people and the environment Strategy: – Wamart Suppliers Sustainability Index – Employee Personal Sustainability Project (PSP) – From “Always Lower Prices” to “Save Money. Live better”
Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better • 7,873 stores: Biggest US consumer of electricity; Target to reduce GHGs by 20% by 2012 • Invest $500M annually in efficient energy; 30% less energy; then 100% renewable energy. • Waste: Reduce waste by 25% in 3 years, then 0. • 7,200 trucks: Increase fuel efficiency by 25% in 3 years; double it in 10 years; save $300M/yr. • 2.1M “associates:” Largest employer in the world - Personal Sustainability Plan • 200M shoppers/week - influence
Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better • 100,000 suppliers: • Reduce packaging by 5% by 2013; $3.4M savings in 5 years • Goal to remove non-renewable energy from all its product. • Partnership with the Carbon Discloser Project to measure and improve energy use and emissions of the entire supply chain • Working with suppliers to develop a worldwide sustainability index. • 100,000 global suppliers complete a survey of 15 questions to evaluate their sustainability
Vision: Whistler To be the premier mountain resort community in North America as we move towards a sustainable future Strategy: Whistler 2020 - moving toward a sustainable future
About Whistler  Canadian leader in community planning  2.3 million visitors annually  10,000 population, 60,000 at full capacity  # 1 North American Ski Resort 15 years  # 1 Mountain Bike Park  10% of BC’s tourism economy
Why Whistler 2020? • RAMPANT TO MANAGED GROWTH • MOVE TO EMBRACE STEWARDSHIP • INCREASING COMPETITION • PREPARE FOR DOWN CYCLE • BUILD COMMUNITY • MANAGE COMING PRESSURES (OLYMPICS!)
Whistlers Path toward an ICSP ‘97-’04
Accountability &Transparency
Whistler Sustainable Procurement Guidelines
30 LEED PROJECTS
Awards
Design Brief Description: A reputable runner company is thinking of setting up a manufacturing base in Ireland. They’ve expressed a desire to be the most sustainable running shoe company in the world. They want to be completely transparent about how they work so they’ve asked you to identify the sustainability issues/risks associated with setting up and producing their product Scope: Consider the full life cycle of the runner including suppliers, transport, energy, water and human needs
Current Reality for Running Shoe Company Key Sustainability Aspects Inputs What we depend on Land Offices Outputs Factory What we deliver Transport Chemicals Products Water Services Building Materials Employment Operations Taxes People Innovation Skills Waste Community Energy What’s left over Support landfill waste, recyclables, organic waste, liquid waste, electronic waste, chemical waste, emissions, wasted ideas
Compare against 4 principles Systematically reduce dependence on mined materials - fossil fuels, heavy metals esp, those rare in nature. Systematically reduce dependence on man-made substances, particulalry the toxic and persistent ones Systematically reduce activities that damage nature physically Help people meet their needs
A Vision for a Sustainable Running Company Headlines What date / publication? Describe what has been achieved Characteristics Innovations Warm and comfortable Eco cement Zero anti-social Community Designed Service Hub Local materials Solar Powered SuperBike racks Award winning No waste in construction Secure Innovative maintenance contracts Fully integrated Supplier commitment Edible landscape Space for solar panel hook up Great place to work Long term funding instruments input on design
3 minute presentation • Describe future success for your service • Use headlines, characteristics and innovations • Present 5 key actions to move toward vision • Refer to problems / Challenges along the way
Warnings from Economists Stern Review Report (Oct 2006) Former World Bank chief economist, Nicholas Stern Quantified warnings in the 1997 Economists’ Statement on Climate Change 1. Cost of climate change mitigation: 1% of annual global GDP by 2050 if we act now; 5-20% if we act later 2. Benefits of $2.5T if we act now; global depression if we do nothing 3. Must stabilize GHGs: Use carbon taxes and / or a cap-and-trade system; deploy low-carbon technologies; 80-90% below 1990 levels by 2050 in developed countries
Green Retrofits Job Creation “Every $1B capital investment in energy and efficiency would create approximately 9,500 building-retrofit jobs. Such an investment would also create 1,200 jobs from building and installing solar photovoltaic panels and about 900 wind-energy jobs” "In the jobs-creation sweepstakes, retrofitting buildings runs away with it. That's about 10-to-1 over any other investment." ~ Lester Brown, Earth Policy Institute founder (Nov 08) ~ http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/09/green_recovery.html
EU Pollution Regulations Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, flame retardants; in force July 2006 Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Take-back & disassembly of products & components; in force January 2007; End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELVD) Car manufacturers pay for scrapping all models and makes 80% recycled now, 85% by 2015 Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) burden of proof on manufacturers to prove chemicals are safe; in force April 2007
UK Retailers Going Green • Tesco: UK’s biggest retailer; 10-point Community Plan (May 06); £100M ‘revolution in green consumption’ fund; carbon footprint labeling; cut 50% of energy / sq ft by 2010; reduce CO2 / case by 30% by 2009 • Marks & Spencer: UK’s 3rd biggest retailer; £200m over 5 yrs on 100-point 'eco-plan' to cut waste, sell fair trade, energy from composting unsold food, biodegradable packaging, labeling food sources; carbon neutral stores; reduced energy / sq ft by 30% • ASDA: Cut packaging by 10% by 2007; no packaging on fresh produce; 0 waste to landfill by 2010; 1,000 organic lines (June 07 vs. 325 in 2005)
Solar Power Solar thermal Solar wall Parabolic collectors - collectors - collectors – water air steam Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels - electricity
Nike’s “Nike Considered Design” More efficient design patterns use less material, easier to recycle, adhesives made from water Considered instead of toxic chemicals, and sustainable Pegasus materials like cork and organic cotton e.g Air Jordan XX3 (unveiled Jan 08) Made from recycled plastic and scrap materials with no toxic adhesives (more stitching) Considered Air Jordan XX3 Targets All footwear by 2011, all apparel by 2015, and all equipment and backpacks by 2020 This will reduce waste in Nike’s supply chain by 17% and increase use of environmentally preferred materials by 20% Nike press release, Oct 2008
True Dialogue High Telling DIALOGUE Asserting Exploring each Advocacy Explaining other’s assumptions to generate meaning Observing Asking Bystanding Clarifying Sensing Interviewing Low Low Inquiry High Based on Peter M. Senge et al., The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook, Doubleday, 1994
Practice “Planful Opportunism” "Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity.” ― Oprah Winfrey Alan AtKisson, The ISIS Agreement, Earthscan, 2008, pp. 213-214
Embed Get Credible, Stay Credible and Align Dialogue Mobilize Commitment Collaborate, Educate, Network Build Case(s) for Change Meet Them Where They Are Develop Piggyback Existing Initiatives Strategies Assess Current Influence the Influencers Realities Practice “Planful Opportunism” Inspire Shared Vision(s) Wake Up and Decide 355
Go Slow to Go Fast Fast, Significant Decision Leader’s Leader’s Others’ Idea Decision Buy-In X X X Sell / Communicate Faster Buy-In Leader’s Collective Decision Idea and Buy-In X X Dialogue / Engagement
Fisher’s Personal Transition Curve This can What Denial work and impact will be good Can I At last Change? this have? cope ? something’s What Change? How will it going to affect me? change ! I can see This is bigger myself in than I thought! Disillusionment the future I’m off!! … this isn’t for me! Moving Did I really do Forward that Who am I? Anxiety Happiness Gradual Acceptance Fear I’ll make this work © J M Fisher Threat Guilt Depression if it kills Hostility me!! Graphic by J.M. Fisher, Preston, Lancashire, England; www.businessballs.com
Sustainability “Pincer Strategy” 9 AM – 5 PM 24/7 “CEO” “Daddy” / “Mommy” Besieged by Besieged by important stakeholders their kids
7 Worries 1. UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 15 of 24 ecosystems (60%) are being degraded or used unsustainably; GEO-4 2. Climate crisis: Urgency; IPCC Report re dire consequences 3. BRIC growth: Brazil, Russia, India & China; pollution & GHGs 4. Energy crisis: Transformation to renewable sources; disconnecting GDP growth from energy growth; peak oil? 5. Growing chasm between the rich & poor: Developed vs. developing counties; In developed countries 6. Population Explosion: Level off at 9B+? Why? 7. Need for holistic solutions: Strength of national / international governments? Political courage?
10 Signs of Hope 1. Investor Activism: Carbon Disclosure Project; US Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR); Bank of America, Citigroup, JP Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs; Equator Principles 2. Economist Warnings: Stern Review; urge cap-and-trade 3. Public Awakening: Hurricane Katrina; “An Inconvenient Truth” and the “Goracle Factor;” “carbon neutral” word of the year in 2006; mainstream press coverage 4. Values-driven consumers: “green is the new black;” LOHAS ($209B U.S. market); organics; hybrids; thrift vs. consumption 5. High Energy Prices: Eco-efficiency savings; explosion of renewable energy; clean tech magnet for venture capital cont’d …
10 Signs of Hope 6. Clean Tech Explosion: Venture capital focus on wind, solar, biofuels, hydrogen; battery breakthoughs; CCS for coal 7. Carbon Trading Carrot: EU; US states; Corporate pressure 8. EU Market Leadership: WEEE, REACH, RoHS, EUP, Climate Change Policy; UK / London GHG reduction goals 9. Corporate Leadership in the supply chain: Wal-Mart, GE, DuPont … 10. Nature’s Resilience

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Eng irlmay9.2012

  • 1.
    Engineering Success Through Sustainability John Harrington May 9, 2011
  • 2.
    Today is about.. • Understanding Sustainability • Discussing the key issues • A framework to structure your approach • What it means for your and your business • Getting started - 4 steps, 3 questions, 7 derailers • Examples of best practice / products • Leadership
  • 3.
    Engineering graduates are ideallyperceived to have technical expertise …. and who, as change-agents, provide the creativity and impetus to shape industry and public- services for a successful and sustainable future. Professional Progression Programme 2011 – 2013 PARTICIPANT GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
  • 4.
    Objectives… • Overview of sustainability • Define in technical, measurable terms • Describe a framework and why it’s useful • Outline first order principles of sustainability • Review key tools • Explore business case • Illustrate why engineers well placed to lead • Interactive participation and practical exercises • Explore link between sustainability and innovation
  • 5.
    Introductions… Name JobTitle Why you’re here
  • 6.
    Benefits of Sustainability:Competitive Advantage, Innovation and new sources of income
  • 7.
    Mainstream Renewable, Siemens,Nokia, Toyota, Tesco, McDonalds, Diageo, Intel, Adidas
  • 11.
    RealEyes Sustainability Ltd. •Help organisations benefit from sustainability • Training, Auditing, Facilitation, Consultancy • The Real voyage of discovery lies not in finding new lands, but in seeing with fresh Eyes. Marcel Proust
  • 12.
    The Natural Step(TNS) Not for profit organisation established in 1988 by oncologist Karl Henrik Robert Now global with partners in 30 countries Nike, Ikea, Panasonic, ICI, Interface, Scandic Hotels 100’s municipalities in Sweden, US, Japan, Italy, France, Canada, and Ireland To develop and share a common framework which centres on easily understood, scientifically based principles that can service as a compass to guide society toward a sustainable future
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
    Engineering… • The applicationof science and mathematics by which the properties of matter and the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people • www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/engineering • Scale? • Time period ?
  • 17.
    Sustainable Development • ..development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs • Meet human needs within environmental limits
  • 18.
    The concepts andprinciples of sustainable development place a burden on the engineer, a burden to change the way we do business Jose Medem Sanjuan, president of WFEO World Federation of Engineering Organisations
  • 19.
  • 20.
    Take, Make, Waste 6% Product Raw Materials 94% Waste 80% of products discarded after a single use Therefore, 99% of the original materials used in the production of, or contained in, the goods made in the US become waste within 6 weeks Source: NAE / Factor 4
  • 21.
    Sustainability is… Think about… • Key issues - for your business and you personally • Risks and opportunities • Hard and soft stuff
  • 22.
  • 23.
    Fourth Assessment Report…….a summary CO2 levels at their highest for 650,000 years. Climate change “unequivocally” happening, and 90% certain that it’s due to man- made emissions. “Best guess” indicates global temperature will rise by 1.8°c to 4°c by 2100. Worst case “up to 6.4°c”. Policy responses geared to hold temperature increase below 2°c. 450 ppm CO2 emerging as new consensus figure. 386.80 ppm in September 2010 10-15 years to put in place serious measures to start reducing emissions of CO2. Slide 25
  • 24.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 30.
    Energy Use inIreland • Fossil Fuel accounted for 96% of all energy use in Ireland in 2007 • 60 million barrels of oil equivalent • We import almost 90% of our primary energy demands • €6B on energy imports
  • 31.
    Sunday April 112010 US military warns oil output may dip causing massive shortages by 2015 Slide 33
  • 33.
    The Times March 7, 2008 ‘Rush for biofuels threatens starvation on a global scale’ In 2007 1/3 of US corn acreage was earmarked for bioethanol Slide 1
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37.
    One kg ofgrain-fed beef needs at least 23,000 litres of water Slide 38
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
    Percent Increase inNitrogen Flows in Rivers Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Slide 42
  • 42.
    Hurricane Katrina •$110 Billion •15 million people affected in 7 states •1,836 people killed • Category 4 and 5 hurricanes have almost doubled in the last 30 years •Key natural defences destroyed - mangroves
  • 43.
    8,194,797 Tons oftoxic chemicals released by • 310 Kg of toxic chemicals released every second • 10 million tons released into our environment each year • Of these, over 2 million tons are recognized carcinogens • 65 Kg or carcinogens each second
  • 45.
    Fisheries peaking Pre-peak Harvest peak Slide 46 Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and Sea Around Us project
  • 46.
  • 47.
    “Sustainability is thesingle biggest business opportunity of the 21st century”. Lee Scott – CEO Walmart
  • 48.
    Change in OrganisationalValue Drivers 1981 2007 Tangibles Financials 80% 20% Intangibles 20% 80% Non-financials Brand image/Reputation Stake holder relationships (investors, media, public, customers, banks, govern- ments, insurers, scientists employees) Arthur D. Little, The Business Case for Corporate Citizenship , 2002
  • 49.
    CEO Study • 93% of CEOs believe that sustainability issues will be critical to the future success of their business. • 88% of CEOs believe that they should be integrating sustainability through their supply chain.
  • 50.
    Sustainability Continuum 5. Purpose/Passion Values-driven founder / CEO 4. Integrated Strategy Enhanced business value 3. Beyond Compliance Eco-efficiencies PR crisis / Opportunity Regulatory threat 2. Compliance Regulatory enforcement 1. Pre-Compliance Source: Adapted from Bob Willard’s Sustainability Advantage
  • 51.
    Sustainability = Profitability •Potential profit increases from integrated sustainability strategies: • Large organisations potential for +38% increase • Small to medium organisation +66% increase – source Bob Willard, The Business case for sustainability, 2008)
  • 52.
    Sustainable Organisation Benefits •Operational efficiencies • Efficient use of resources Cost Savings • Supply chain optimisation • Reputation • Value for money • Trust, quality, respect Pricing Power Margin • Credibility • Employee engagement Attract and Retain • First choice for top talent Talent • Employee productivity • Low rates of attrition • Customer loyalty Market Share • Lower churn • Attract new customers Revenue Growth • Easier to enter new markets New Market Entry • More sources of funding Source: Business Case for Sustainability, Boston Consulting Group
  • 53.
  • 54.
    Source: MIT SloanManagement Review ‘The Business of Sustainability, findings and insights from the first annual business of sustainability survey and global thought leaders report’ 2009
  • 55.
    Strategies, Policies andPlans • National Climate Change Strategy, 2007-2012 • National Energy Efficiency Plan 2009 - improve energy efficiency by 33% • National Heritage Plan - 2002 • National Biodiversity Plan - 2002 • EU voluntary target of 50% GPP • National Action Plan on Green Public Procurement • Framework for Climate Change bill - 80% reduction in net emissions on 1990 levels, 3% per annum until 2020 • Carbon Tax • Smarter Travel - A Sustainable Transport Future - A new transport policy for Ireland 2009 - 2020
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
    Changing Consumer Trends 1996 - 2006: • 70-80% of consumers said they were are switching to “green” companies, but only 10% actually did 2006: • 20% buy green (Sustainable brand study by egg, March 07) 2008: • 33% buy green (Globescan and McKinsey Study, 2008)
  • 59.
    “For years, thestatistics have registered an increasingly strong economic growth as victory over shortage, until it emerged that this growth was destroying more than it was Nicolas Sarkozy, 14/9/09
  • 60.
    Economic Growth Climate Change Energy Loss of Biodiversity Toxicity Obesity Water Scarcity Poverty Waste Flooding Food Security
  • 61.
    Conclusions so far Sustainabilityis.. • complex • good for business • not where we are now • requires a different approach
  • 62.
    Sustainability is notabout addressing climate change, water shortage, energy transport or any other single issue. It's about solving these challenges using an integrated approach from strategy development to technical consulting to project implementation - Lee McIntire, Chairman and CEO, CH2M HILL
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
    Dec linin g re sou rce Threats s&  Increasing Costs life sup  Forests por ting sys  Agriculture tem s  Fisheries  Ground water  Climate  Metals  POP’s  Eutrophy ion  Hormones su mpt con  Social trap so urce & re  Segregation n latio  Corruption p opu ing  Epidemias cr eas In  Poverty Time
  • 67.
    Some Basic Science •Matter is constant - closed system to matter • Matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed • Everything breaks down / disperses - Law of entropy • Open system to energy • Photosynthesis pays the bills
  • 68.
    4 3 2 1
  • 69.
    In a sustainablesociety, nature is not subject to systematically increasing of.. 1 • Concentrations of substances extracted from the earth’s crust 2 • Concentrations of substances produced by society 3 • Degradation by physical means And in that society.. 4 • People are not subject to conditions that undermine their capacity to meet their needs
  • 70.
    “Success is ascience, if you have the conditions you get the results” Oscar Wilde
  • 71.
    ABC Ltd will.... The build-up of materials extracted from the earths crust including fossil fuels, heavy metals and associated wastes The build-up of synthetic substances produced by society (flame redardants, biophenols, fertilisers etc.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
    These principles are.. • Necessary • Sufficient (to cover all aspects of success), • General (to make sense for all stakeholders), • Concrete (to guide problem solving and actions), • Non-overlapping (to enable comprehension as well as development of indicators for monitoring).
  • 76.
  • 77.
    Getting Practical Embed Get Credible, Stay Credible and Align Dialogue Mobilize Commitment Collaborate, Educate, Network Build Case(s) for Change Meet Them Where They Are Develop Piggyback Existing Initiatives Strategies Assess Current Influence the Influencers Realities Practice “Planful Opportunism” Inspire Shared Vision(s) Wake Up and Decide
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 80.
    Practice and Performance Practice versus Performance Text 100 WORLD CLASS 90 Performance Index 80 VULNERABLE Won’t go CONTENDERS 70 the distance En route 60 50 40 PROMISING 30 COULD DO BETTER Untapped Risk and opportunity potential 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Practice Index
  • 82.
    •Sustainable Org. •Visioning Workshop •Innovations/ investments / actions •Combine with culture, values etc.
  • 83.
    •Action planning •Prioritisation •3 strategicQ’s •Right direction ? •Flexible? •Return on investment ?
  • 84.
    Dec linin g re sou rce s & li fe s uppo r ting syst ems tion ump cons urce & reso lation Incr easi ng p opu Step in right direction? Is it a flexible platform? Return on investment?
  • 85.
  • 87.
    Practice and Performance Practice versus Performance Text 100 WORLD CLASS 90 Performance Index 80 VULNERABLE Won’t go CONTENDERS 70 the distance En route 60 50 40 PROMISING 30 COULD DO BETTER Untapped Risk and opportunity potential 20 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Practice Index
  • 88.
    4 Steps toSustainability • 4 steps that automate systems thinking and ‘backcasting’ • Move away from ‘fixing’ problems and lunging from one crisis to another to the next • Establish a sustainability gap • Develop actions that bridge the gap • Set up creative tension between future success and where we are today • More creative, collaborative and innovative
  • 89.
  • 90.
    • $1.3billion turnover,Fortune 1000 company. • Worlds largest producer of contract commercial carpets. • Sold in over 100 countries with factories in 29 locations globally (inc NI, Thailand, China and Australia) • Manufactures and sell more the 40% of the carpet tiles used worldwide in commercial buildings • Employs more then 7,400 people worldwide, • Fortune magazine rated it one of top 100 employers and one of the 10 most admired companies
  • 91.
    • Vision: Tobe the first company that, by its deeds, shows the entire industrial world what sustainability is in all its dimensions: People, process, product, place and profits — by 2020 — and in doing so we will become restorative through the power of influence • Strategy: Mission Zero - Our promise to eliminate any negative impact our company may have on the environment by the year 2020
  • 92.
    Interface “As we climb mount Sustainability, with the four TNS system conditions at the top, we are doing better than ever on bottom line business. This is not at the cost of social or ecological systems, but at the cost of our competitors who still havenʼt got Blekinge Inst. of Tech. SE-371 79 Karlskrona it”. +46 455 38 50 00 Portland US, October 2007, Ray Andersson, President, Founder and CEO, Interface. Inc. www.bth.se/eng
  • 101.
    Stewarts Care Palmerstown Campus,Dublin 20 15-Year Energy Services Contract with Dalkia March 2012
  • 102.
    Who are Stewarts Charitable Foundation 140 year tradition in the provision of care for people with intellectual disability They work in the community and on their own sites Services provided regardless of age, religion, socio- economic background and encompassing every degree of intellectual disability They have facilities such as equestrian centres, leisure centres, educational centres and medical centres for use by our clients March 2012
  • 103.
    Who are Dalkia Dalkia’sBusiness: Producing energy efficiency 53,457 employees in 42 countries, 71% outside of France Revenue: €8.6 billion 119,600 energy facilities managed 114.7 TWh energy managed capacity Reduction of 7.1 million metric tones of CO2 in 2010 March 2012
  • 104.
    Initial context Inefficientenergy plant High energy costs High dependency on oil High maintenance costs March 2012
  • 105.
  • 106.
    GGBS - EnvironmentalSavings • GGBS / OPC - 970 kg / 60 kg Co2 tonne • 1000 m3 of concrete - (50/50 OPC/GGBS) • 1425 kg’s of cement • 577.1 tonnes of Co2 saved (185.3 cars, 181 years of electricity in average home) • 1781 kg’s of Sox, 2493 kg’s of (NOx) saved • 1781kg’s of CO, 310kg’s fine particulate matter (PM10) saved • 40% reduction in embodied energy (50/50 - GGBS/OPC) • No limestone / shale required (1.6 tonne per tonne of OPC)http:// www.ecocem.ie/index.php?p=environmental&q=calculator
  • 108.
    BubbleDeck • 1kg of recycled plastic replaces 100kg of concrete • Fewer building elements compared to steel frame and metal decking • Cost saving between 2.5% to 10% of total construction costs • Combination GGBS / Bubbledeck - 70% reduction in CO2
  • 109.
    SolarPrint • DSSC is a third generation photovoltaic (PV) technology • Ability to harness diffuse light • Higher power output over the course of an average day • Lower cost (under high volume manufacturing) • Printable on metal or plastic • Different colours and opacities • Collaboration with Fiat (CRF) • Smart sunroof integrating DSSC technology
  • 110.
    Accoya • Made from cheap pine • Properties that match tropical hardwood • Treated with acetic anhydride, from acetic acid (vinegar, in dilute form) • Vastly reduces woods ability to absorb water • No toxic preservatives • No maintenance • Designed to last over 60 years in wet environment • Source: http://www.accoya.com/accoya.html
  • 111.
    Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better Vision: – To be supplied 100% by renewable energy; – To create zero waste; – To sell products that sustain people and the environment Strategy: – Wamart Suppliers Sustainability Index – Employee Personal Sustainability Project (PSP) – From “Always Lower Prices” to “Save Money. Live better”
  • 112.
    Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better • 7,873 stores: Biggest US consumer of electricity; Target to reduce GHGs by 20% by 2012 • Invest $500M annually in efficient energy; 30% less energy; then 100% renewable energy. • Waste: Reduce waste by 25% in 3 years, then 0. • 7,200 trucks: Increase fuel efficiency by 25% in 3 years; double it in 10 years; save $300M/yr. • 2.1M “associates:” Largest employer in the world - Personal Sustainability Plan • 200M shoppers/week - influence
  • 113.
    Walmart Save People Money So They can Live Better • 100,000 suppliers: • Reduce packaging by 5% by 2013; $3.4M savings in 5 years • Goal to remove non-renewable energy from all its product. • Partnership with the Carbon Discloser Project to measure and improve energy use and emissions of the entire supply chain • Working with suppliers to develop a worldwide sustainability index. • 100,000 global suppliers complete a survey of 15 questions to evaluate their sustainability
  • 115.
    Vision: Whistler To be the premier mountain resort community in North America as we move towards a sustainable future Strategy: Whistler 2020 - moving toward a sustainable future
  • 116.
    About Whistler  Canadian leader in community planning  2.3 million visitors annually  10,000 population, 60,000 at full capacity  # 1 North American Ski Resort 15 years  # 1 Mountain Bike Park  10% of BC’s tourism economy
  • 117.
    Why Whistler 2020? •RAMPANT TO MANAGED GROWTH • MOVE TO EMBRACE STEWARDSHIP • INCREASING COMPETITION • PREPARE FOR DOWN CYCLE • BUILD COMMUNITY • MANAGE COMING PRESSURES (OLYMPICS!)
  • 118.
    Whistlers Path towardan ICSP ‘97-’04
  • 121.
  • 122.
  • 123.
  • 124.
  • 125.
    Design Brief Description: Areputable runner company is thinking of setting up a manufacturing base in Ireland. They’ve expressed a desire to be the most sustainable running shoe company in the world. They want to be completely transparent about how they work so they’ve asked you to identify the sustainability issues/risks associated with setting up and producing their product Scope: Consider the full life cycle of the runner including suppliers, transport, energy, water and human needs
  • 126.
    Current Reality forRunning Shoe Company Key Sustainability Aspects Inputs What we depend on Land Offices Outputs Factory What we deliver Transport Chemicals Products Water Services Building Materials Employment Operations Taxes People Innovation Skills Waste Community Energy What’s left over Support landfill waste, recyclables, organic waste, liquid waste, electronic waste, chemical waste, emissions, wasted ideas
  • 127.
    Compare against 4principles Systematically reduce dependence on mined materials - fossil fuels, heavy metals esp, those rare in nature. Systematically reduce dependence on man-made substances, particulalry the toxic and persistent ones Systematically reduce activities that damage nature physically Help people meet their needs
  • 128.
    A Vision fora Sustainable Running Company Headlines What date / publication? Describe what has been achieved Characteristics Innovations Warm and comfortable Eco cement Zero anti-social Community Designed Service Hub Local materials Solar Powered SuperBike racks Award winning No waste in construction Secure Innovative maintenance contracts Fully integrated Supplier commitment Edible landscape Space for solar panel hook up Great place to work Long term funding instruments input on design
  • 129.
    3 minute presentation • Describe future success for your service • Use headlines, characteristics and innovations • Present 5 key actions to move toward vision • Refer to problems / Challenges along the way
  • 130.
    Warnings from Economists Stern Review Report (Oct 2006) Former World Bank chief economist, Nicholas Stern Quantified warnings in the 1997 Economists’ Statement on Climate Change 1. Cost of climate change mitigation: 1% of annual global GDP by 2050 if we act now; 5-20% if we act later 2. Benefits of $2.5T if we act now; global depression if we do nothing 3. Must stabilize GHGs: Use carbon taxes and / or a cap-and-trade system; deploy low-carbon technologies; 80-90% below 1990 levels by 2050 in developed countries
  • 131.
    Green Retrofits Job Creation “Every $1B capital investment in energy and efficiency would create approximately 9,500 building-retrofit jobs. Such an investment would also create 1,200 jobs from building and installing solar photovoltaic panels and about 900 wind-energy jobs” "In the jobs-creation sweepstakes, retrofitting buildings runs away with it. That's about 10-to-1 over any other investment." ~ Lester Brown, Earth Policy Institute founder (Nov 08) ~ http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/09/green_recovery.html
  • 132.
    EU Pollution Regulations Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, flame retardants; in force July 2006 Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Take-back & disassembly of products & components; in force January 2007; End of Life Vehicles Directive (ELVD) Car manufacturers pay for scrapping all models and makes 80% recycled now, 85% by 2015 Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) burden of proof on manufacturers to prove chemicals are safe; in force April 2007
  • 133.
    UK Retailers GoingGreen • Tesco: UK’s biggest retailer; 10-point Community Plan (May 06); £100M ‘revolution in green consumption’ fund; carbon footprint labeling; cut 50% of energy / sq ft by 2010; reduce CO2 / case by 30% by 2009 • Marks & Spencer: UK’s 3rd biggest retailer; £200m over 5 yrs on 100-point 'eco-plan' to cut waste, sell fair trade, energy from composting unsold food, biodegradable packaging, labeling food sources; carbon neutral stores; reduced energy / sq ft by 30% • ASDA: Cut packaging by 10% by 2007; no packaging on fresh produce; 0 waste to landfill by 2010; 1,000 organic lines (June 07 vs. 325 in 2005)
  • 134.
    Solar Power Solar thermal Solar wall Parabolic collectors - collectors - collectors – water air steam Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels - electricity
  • 135.
    Nike’s “Nike ConsideredDesign” More efficient design patterns use less material, easier to recycle, adhesives made from water Considered instead of toxic chemicals, and sustainable Pegasus materials like cork and organic cotton e.g Air Jordan XX3 (unveiled Jan 08) Made from recycled plastic and scrap materials with no toxic adhesives (more stitching) Considered Air Jordan XX3 Targets All footwear by 2011, all apparel by 2015, and all equipment and backpacks by 2020 This will reduce waste in Nike’s supply chain by 17% and increase use of environmentally preferred materials by 20% Nike press release, Oct 2008
  • 136.
    True Dialogue High Telling DIALOGUE Asserting Exploring each Advocacy Explaining other’s assumptions to generate meaning Observing Asking Bystanding Clarifying Sensing Interviewing Low Low Inquiry High Based on Peter M. Senge et al., The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook, Doubleday, 1994
  • 137.
    Practice “Planful Opportunism” "Luckis a matter of preparation meeting opportunity.” ― Oprah Winfrey Alan AtKisson, The ISIS Agreement, Earthscan, 2008, pp. 213-214
  • 138.
    Embed Get Credible,Stay Credible and Align Dialogue Mobilize Commitment Collaborate, Educate, Network Build Case(s) for Change Meet Them Where They Are Develop Piggyback Existing Initiatives Strategies Assess Current Influence the Influencers Realities Practice “Planful Opportunism” Inspire Shared Vision(s) Wake Up and Decide 355
  • 139.
    Go Slow toGo Fast Fast, Significant Decision Leader’s Leader’s Others’ Idea Decision Buy-In X X X Sell / Communicate Faster Buy-In Leader’s Collective Decision Idea and Buy-In X X Dialogue / Engagement
  • 140.
    Fisher’s Personal TransitionCurve This can What Denial work and impact will be good Can I At last Change? this have? cope ? something’s What Change? How will it going to affect me? change ! I can see This is bigger myself in than I thought! Disillusionment the future I’m off!! … this isn’t for me! Moving Did I really do Forward that Who am I? Anxiety Happiness Gradual Acceptance Fear I’ll make this work © J M Fisher Threat Guilt Depression if it kills Hostility me!! Graphic by J.M. Fisher, Preston, Lancashire, England; www.businessballs.com
  • 141.
    Sustainability “Pincer Strategy” 9 AM – 5 PM 24/7 “CEO” “Daddy” / “Mommy” Besieged by Besieged by important stakeholders their kids
  • 142.
    7 Worries 1. UNMillennium Ecosystem Assessment: 15 of 24 ecosystems (60%) are being degraded or used unsustainably; GEO-4 2. Climate crisis: Urgency; IPCC Report re dire consequences 3. BRIC growth: Brazil, Russia, India & China; pollution & GHGs 4. Energy crisis: Transformation to renewable sources; disconnecting GDP growth from energy growth; peak oil? 5. Growing chasm between the rich & poor: Developed vs. developing counties; In developed countries 6. Population Explosion: Level off at 9B+? Why? 7. Need for holistic solutions: Strength of national / international governments? Political courage?
  • 143.
    10 Signs ofHope 1. Investor Activism: Carbon Disclosure Project; US Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR); Bank of America, Citigroup, JP Morgan Chase, Goldman Sachs; Equator Principles 2. Economist Warnings: Stern Review; urge cap-and-trade 3. Public Awakening: Hurricane Katrina; “An Inconvenient Truth” and the “Goracle Factor;” “carbon neutral” word of the year in 2006; mainstream press coverage 4. Values-driven consumers: “green is the new black;” LOHAS ($209B U.S. market); organics; hybrids; thrift vs. consumption 5. High Energy Prices: Eco-efficiency savings; explosion of renewable energy; clean tech magnet for venture capital cont’d …
  • 144.
    10 Signs ofHope 6. Clean Tech Explosion: Venture capital focus on wind, solar, biofuels, hydrogen; battery breakthoughs; CCS for coal 7. Carbon Trading Carrot: EU; US states; Corporate pressure 8. EU Market Leadership: WEEE, REACH, RoHS, EUP, Climate Change Policy; UK / London GHG reduction goals 9. Corporate Leadership in the supply chain: Wal-Mart, GE, DuPont … 10. Nature’s Resilience