This document discusses emetics, which are drugs that induce vomiting. It defines emetics and describes the vomiting reflex and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) that emetics target. Emetics work by stimulating the CTZ and gastric mucosa. The document lists indications, contraindications, adverse effects, drug interactions, and classifications of emetics. It provides details on commonly used emetics like ipecacuanha, apomorphine, mustard, and their mechanisms of action, dosages, and side effects. Nursing responsibilities are outlined when administering emetics to induce vomiting.

2. DEFINITION
“Drugs that produce or induce vomiting are called
emetics”
VOMITING-
 It is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the
stomach via mouth or sometimes nose.
 Vomiting reflex is stimulated by two centers in the
medulla-
– Vomiting center
– Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

3. CTZ stimulated by-
• Excessive stomach distention.
• Increasing ICP by direct stimulation.
• Stimulation of the vestibular receptors in the inner ear.
• Direct stimulation by various chemicals including
fumes, certain drugs, and debris from cellular death.
• CTZ stimulated by several different process and
initiates a complex series of responses like first prepare
for vomiting and then cause strong backward
peristalsis to rid the stomach of it’s content.

4. MODE OF ACTION OF EMETICS
• They stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone and
gastric mucosa to induce vomiting.
• To treat poisoning.
• To induce vomiting
• Over dose treatment of drugs.
INDICATION

5. • Hernia
• Severe heart disease
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pulmonary TB
• Unconscious patient
• Kerosine (petroleum product) poisoning.
• History of seizures
CONRAINDICATION

6. • Arrhythmias
• Diarrhoea.
• Cardiotoxicity.
• Drowsiness.
• Emetics reduced their effects when used with
activated charcoal.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTION

7. CLASSIFICATION OF EMETICS
1) Stimulants of CTZ-
a) Apomorphine
b) Morphine
2) Irritants of gastric mucosa-
a) Mustard
b) Sodium chloride
3) Both stimulant and irritant effect-
a) Ipecacuanha
b) Digitalis

8. APOMORPHINE
• Morphine derivative
• Dose 5-6 mg (IM/SC)
• Acts within 5 min.
• Volatile oil.
• It is household remedy to induce vomiting.
• Safe and easily available.
• Dose 1 teaspoon with water
MUSTARD

9. • Homeopathic medicine , dried root of cephaelais
ipecacuanha( grass)
• Syrup ipeca 15-30 ml (Adult), 10-15 ml (child)
• Acts within 15 minutes.
IPECACUANHA

10. NURSING RESSPONSIBILITY
• Assess the consciousness level of drug before
administration of drug.
• Obtain history to find out cause of poisoning,
ingested substance and to determine possible
antidotes.
• Ipecac syrp may produce cardiac toxicity.
• Gastric lavage is necessary if second dose doesn’t
produce vomiting.