Introduction to Anatomy and Embryology www.freelivedoctor.com
Embryology Review Week 1 Fertilized Egg Day 1.25: Two Cells Cleavage Compaction Day 3: Morula Inner Cell Mass Trophoblasts Day 5: Blastocyst Cavitation Hatching Day 6: Implantation www.freelivedoctor.com
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Cleavage, Compaction,  and Cavitation www.freelivedoctor.com
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Week 2: Rule of Twos Implantation: Two Cell Types Embryonic Extraembryonic Extraembryonic Structures: Two Cell Types Cytotrophoblasts Syncytiotrophoblasts www.freelivedoctor.com
Implantation Attachment to endometrium Cytotrophoblasts and Synctiotrophoblast Trophoblastic Lacunae Extraembryonic Reticulum www.freelivedoctor.com
Implantation www.freelivedoctor.com
Embryonic Structures Two Layers at Two weeks Epiblast  Hypoblast Two Cavities at Two weeks Amnion becomes Amniotic Cavity Blastocoel becomes Primative Yolk Sac www.freelivedoctor.com
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Week 3: Rule of Threes Gastrulation and Neurulation Gastrulation  Three Cell Layers Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Three Cavities Amnion Chorion Yolk Sac www.freelivedoctor.com
Cell Movements in Gastrulation www.freelivedoctor.com
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Weeks Four to Eight Formation of the Body Axis Rostral - Caudal Dorsal - Ventral Right - Left Formation of the Body Plan Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Trilaminar Embryo www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Ectoderm Neurulation Neural Crest, Neural Tube Somites, Brachial Arches Formation of Surface Ectoderm Epidermis Epidermal Appendages www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Ectoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Ectoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Ectoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Ectoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm Head, Tail Body Folding Lateral Body Folding Development of the Gut Foregut Midgut Hindgut Development of Gut Appendages GI accessory organs Respiratory Tract www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Endoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Mesoderm Paraxial Dermis Musculoskeletal System Intermediate Genitourinary Ridge Lateral Blood Islands / Dorsal Aorta Embryonic Coelom Pericardium, Pleura, Peritoneum www.freelivedoctor.com
Development of the Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Paraxial Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Paraxial Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Intermediate Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Intermediate Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Intermediate Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Intermediate Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Lateral Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Lateral Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Lateral Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Lateral Mesoderm www.freelivedoctor.com
Muscle, Bone, and Connective Tissue www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal System Muscle Tissue Bone and Cartilage Connective Tissue Nerve Tissue Vascular Tissue www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development But how does it get there? www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development I www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development II www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development III www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development IV www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development V www.freelivedoctor.com
Musculoskeletal Development VI www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Axial Skeleton Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Vertebral Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Limb Development www.freelivedoctor.com
Embryonic Tissue The earliest embryonic mesenchyme is very loose connective tissue As it “builds,” it becomes more organized and even starts to identify areas where the skeleton will form www.freelivedoctor.com
Embryonic Tissue From the scleromyodermatome arise “muscles” sandwiched between Bone (sclero-) Skin (derma-) This is the “origin” of the muscle. It then grows to another bone, the “insertion” www.freelivedoctor.com
Embryonic Tissue There are two ways to get “skeleton” Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Intramembranous Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral  Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Long Bone www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification www.freelivedoctor.com
Endochondral Ossification at the Epiphyseal Plate www.freelivedoctor.com
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes www.freelivedoctor.com
Osteoclast Function www.freelivedoctor.com
Anatomy Review Regional Anatomy Head, Neck, Back, Thorax, Abdomen,  Pelvis, Upper and Lower Extremities Cavities: Cranial, Spinal, Thoracic,  Abdominal, Pelvic Systemic Anatomy Integumentary, Skeletal, Articular, Muscular, Nervous, Circulatory, Alimentary, Respiratory, Urinary, Reproductive, Endocrine Anatomic Variation www.freelivedoctor.com
Anatomic Planes and Position www.freelivedoctor.com
Terms of Comparison Posterior, Anterior Dorsal, Ventral Dorsum, Palm, Sole Superior, Inferior Rostral, Caudal Left, Right www.freelivedoctor.com
Terms of Comparison Superficial, Intermediate, Deep External, Internal  Medial, Lateral Proximal, Distal www.freelivedoctor.com
Terms of Movement Flexion, Extension,  Hyperflexion, Hyperextension Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion Abduction, Adduction Rotation, Circumduction Internal, External, Medial, Lateral www.freelivedoctor.com
Terms of Movement Protrusion, Retrusion Protraction, Retraction Elevation, Depression Eversion, Inversion Pronation, Supination www.freelivedoctor.com
Thank You !! www.freelivedoctor.com

Embryology