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Machiavelli ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
Quentin Skinner ‫ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻳﻨﺘﻦ‬
‫٤١٠٢م‬ ‫اﻷوﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬
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‫وﺳﺄﻇﻞ‬ ‫١٨٩١؛‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ «‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻮن‬ ‫»أﺳﺎﻃني‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫املﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫إﺻﺪار‬ ‫ﴩ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬
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‫وراﺳﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻳﻨﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،«‫»اﻷﻣري‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﻳﺲ‬ ‫راﺳﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬ ُ‫ﺖ‬ْ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣ‬
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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ٍّﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺰال‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻋﺎم‬ ٥٠٠ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﺎملﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ َ‫ﻞ‬َ‫رﺣ‬
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‫اﻷﻓﻜﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ؟‬ٍّ‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ؟‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
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‫أﺧﺒﺎره‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أول‬ .١٤٦٩ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ...

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‫اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﺑﻔﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﴫ‬ :1-1 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
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‫اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﳼ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺗﺬة‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺪءوا‬ ،‫املﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻮرﻧﺴﻴني‬ ِ‫اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب‬ ‫ُﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺗﺰا‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬
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‫ﻣﻤﺘﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺎس‬ ‫اﺑﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﱢد‬‫و‬‫ﻳﺰ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫ﺣﺮﻳﺼ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎردو‬ «‫»ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ِ...

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‫ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﺑﻬﺬه‬ ،‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮﺗﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ًا‬‫ﺪ‬‫واﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫أﻳﻀ‬
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‫اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫املﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫أي‬ — «‫اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬ ‫»اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫واﺿﺤ‬ َ‫ﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل‬
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‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫املﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ُ‫َﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫»ﻟﻢ‬ (‫اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻜﻰ‬ ‫)ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ،‫ﻗﺼري‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮه‬...

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،‫ﺳﻨﺮى‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ .‫اﻟﺠﱪي‬ ‫ِه‬‫ﺪ‬ُ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮات‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺬ‬‫وﻫ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻪ‬ َ‫ﺢ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧﻘ‬...

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‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮرت‬ ،‫ﻛﺜﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮرﺟﺎ‬ ِ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﻣﺮاﻗ‬ َ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ً‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺎل‬ ،‫روﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺛ...

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‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺰ‬‫ﻋﺎﺟ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﱟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮرﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻜ...

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‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮس‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻼت‬ ‫ﻘﻪ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺮاﻗﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ،١٥٠٦ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﱠ‬‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﺛ...

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‫اﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬َ‫ﻘ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ورﻏﻢ‬ .‫ﱡره‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺎل‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻄﺮ‬ ‫...

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‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻛﺒري‬ ‫ﱟ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻜﺲ‬ «‫»اﻷﻣري‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﱪاﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ،...

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‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻟﺘريا‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎردﻳﻨﺎل‬ ،‫ﺳﻮدﻳﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻧﺸﻴﺴﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻮار‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻣﻨﺴﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
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،‫وﻗﻮاﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوق‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻣﺎن‬ ِ‫ﻳﻜﺘﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ،‫وﻋﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱠﻣﻪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫أﺧﻠ...

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.‫ﺿﺪه‬ ‫ﺮون‬َ‫ﻳﺘﺂﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻏري‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ — ‫ِﻠﲇ‬‫ﺘ‬‫وﻓﻴ‬ ‫أورﺳﻴ...

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‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدﻳﻨﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ «‫املﻘﺪس‬ ‫»اﻟﺤﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ َ‫ﻊ‬‫ﱠ‬‫وﻗ‬ ١٥١١ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ‫إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ؛‬
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‫اﻟﻔﻠﻮرﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ .‫اﻹﻃﻼق‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺼﺎراﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫أروع‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺘﴚ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ْ‫ﺖ‬َ‫ﻠ‬‫...

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‫أوﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ — ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ ،‫إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫واﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫املﱰﺗﺒﺔ‬
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‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌﻤﱠ‬ ،«‫»اﻹﻣﺎرة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ًا‬‫ري‬‫ﺻﻐ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫أ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﺛﻤ...

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‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﱢﻣﻪ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻴﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜري‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ «‫»اﻷﻣري‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءﺗﻪ‬
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‫وﻧﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫أﺟﺮاﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﴫﻳﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬا‬
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ً‫ة‬‫ﻗﻮ‬ «‫ﱠ‬‫ﻆ‬‫»اﻟﺤ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﱪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬
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‫ﺑﺎت‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﺖ‬ «‫»اﻟﺤﻆ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮة‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬
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— ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜري‬ ً‫ﺗﻔﺎؤﻻ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺮأي‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪأ‬ ،‫ﻗﺼري‬
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‫ﺟﺬوره‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺼريه‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ َ‫أوﺿﺢ‬ ‫إن‬
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‫»أوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻻزدراء‬ ‫ﺑﻌني‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﱪه‬ «‫؟‬ ِ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ً‫ﻗﺒﻮﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻴﺎء‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ‬َ‫»...

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‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﱢر‬‫ﱪ‬‫ﻳ‬ — ‫َﻫﻢ‬ َ‫ﻋﺎﴏ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑني‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﱰاﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬َ...

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‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻮال؛‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﺗﺤﺴ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺗﻮﻗ‬ ‫املﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ .(٤٧) «‫ﺑﺎزدراء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮﻳﴪﻳﻮن‬ ‫ﻪ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫وﻋﺎﻣ‬
‫ﻣ...

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‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫أرﻗﻰ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ُﻌﺘﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫»ﻫﺬا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ َ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺳﺠﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ،‫ﻻﻧﺪوﺗﴚ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻛﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻛ...

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‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫أﻣري‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﳼ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮرﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪح‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺮط‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫أ...

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‫ﺑني‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺄن‬ ‫املﻌﺘﻘﺪات‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ًا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻳﺆ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫إن‬
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‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫وﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،«‫»ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣ...

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‫ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻮا‬ ‫أﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒري‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫وداﻓﻌﻮا‬ ،‫ا...

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‫ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺒني‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫أﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﴫف‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻼﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬
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‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻰ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ُﺴري‬‫ﻳ‬» ‫أن‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻧﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ «‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴني‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫وإﻟﻬﺎﻣ‬ ً‫ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ‬ ‫إﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ...

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،‫ﻛﺈﻧﺴﺎن‬ ‫املﺮء‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗﺨﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫ُﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻏري‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺗﴫﱡ...

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‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺮاﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟﺘﺠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ ‫اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ،‫رﻫﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮ...

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‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ «‫»ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫أﺟﺎﺛﻮﻛﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫رواﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫أﺟﺎﺛﻮﻛﻠﻴ...

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‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ .«‫»اﻷﻣري‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪأ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜريه‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻮذ‬ ‫ﺗﺰال‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ...

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‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﻣري‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫؛‬ً‫ﺣﻨﻜﺔ‬ ‫املﺮاﻗﺒني‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻮاﻫﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﻮر‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻛﺒري‬
‫ﻳﺮو...

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.‫واﻟﺠﺸﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﳼ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ً‫ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻴﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫وﻳﻮﺿ‬ ،«‫ﺑﺎﻟ...

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،‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ .(٢٣ ،٧ : ٢) «‫اﻷﺑﺪ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫أﻣر...

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‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺧﻼق‬ ً‫ء‬‫ازدرا‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫رﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻠني‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎش‬ ‫ﺮ‬َ‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫املﺴﺎر‬...

‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﳊﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮدة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫آﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ْ‫َت‬‫د‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺗﺠ‬ ،«‫»اﻷﻣري‬ ...

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‫أﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫دون‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺎﺋﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﺣﻴﺎ‬ ‫أﻇﻞ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺿﻄﺮ‬ ‫»أﻧﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫واﺿﺤ‬ ‫ﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬
.(٣...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻂ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﻳﻜ...

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‫أي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻐﻠﻪ‬ ،‫املﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫روﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
،«‫»ﻣﻄﺎرﺣﺔ‬...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤني‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟني‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ُﻘﺎل‬‫ﻳ‬‫و‬ «.‫...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ً‫ة‬‫ﻋﺎد‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫»ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ«؛‬ ‫»ﻳﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮاء‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻇ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ «.‫اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫املﻄﺎف‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وارﺗﻘﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬ ،‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺘﻬﻢ‬ ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ،‫ارﺗﻜﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ِم‬‫ﺪ‬‫ُﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ‬ «‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫري‬ «‫»»ﻗﻮة‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،«ٍ‫ﺬ‬‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫...

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‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻦ‬ ‫وﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ،‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ «‫»اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرة‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮر‬ ،‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ً‫ء‬‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬
،«‫»ﻗﻮﺗﻪ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﺑﻔﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﴫ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺘﻮ‬ ‫دي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﱢر‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ :1-...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫إﺑﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ر‬‫دو‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ٍّ‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‬ ‫املﻮاﻃﻨني‬ ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺪ‬َ‫...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮس‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮف‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﺑﺚ‬ َ‫ة‬‫ﴐور‬ ‫أدرك‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻌﻞ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪد‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﻮﻧﺎروﻻ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳﺘﻤ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ‬ .‫اﻟﺤﺴﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ «‫»اﻟﻘﻮي‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻋﻴﻢ‬
‫واﻟﺰﻋﻴﻢ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻳﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ .(٢٩٥ ،١٩٥) ‫واﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫داﺋﻤ‬ ‫املﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﺎب‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎدة‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﻊ؛‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺈ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ًا‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺤﻮه‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺮ‬َ‫اﻵﺧ‬ ‫...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫أﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫»اﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤ‬ ‫املﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﻜﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧني‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺳﻦ‬
‫و...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠني‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ‬ ‫»ﻛﻞ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﺑﺄن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ‬ ‫املﺜري‬ ‫اﻟﺮأي‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻹﴏار‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫رﻓﻀﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬ ،«‫ا...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
،«‫»ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫أﻋني‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ٍ‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋﻨﺪﺋ‬ ‫اﻟﴬوري‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ًا‬‫ري‬‫وأﺧ‬ .(٢٩١) «‫ا‬...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫أﺷﺪ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ،‫واﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ً‫أوﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺜﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،ٍ‫ﺬ‬‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌ‬ .(٤٨٦) «‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪه‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ِ‫املﻮاﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫املﺰاﻳﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺘﻜﻮن‬ ،‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮة‬ ‫املﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺰاﺋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫دﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ً‫ﺟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫أﺷﺪ‬ ،‫ﺳﻮدﻳﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴريو‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة‬ ،‫اﻟﺠﺪد‬ ‫املﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدة‬ ‫ارﺗﻜﺐ‬ ،‫ا...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫املﻮاﻃﻨني‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪف‬ «‫»اﻟﻘﻮاﻧني‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ً‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑ...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ .(٣٣٤) «‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫املﺠﻲء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻏﺒني‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ً‫وآﻣﻨﺔ‬ ً...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻼق‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫وأﺳﻮأ‬ ،(٤٠٥) ‫ى‬ً‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻖ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻫﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ‫إذا‬ «‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺷﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫»ا...

‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻈ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ .‫املﻌﺎرك‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺴﺐ‬ ‫املﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﲇ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫أﻳﻀ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ر‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸري‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠة‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫املﺴ...

‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬
‫ًا‬‫ري‬‫أﺧ‬ ‫ﴐﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻆ‬ ‫ﴐب‬ ،‫ﻗﺼري‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻗﺖ‬ «‫»املﻄﺎرﺣ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫»ﺣﺮب‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫وﰲ‬ .(٣–١ :٤) «‫و»ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ «‫»ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫املﺎﴈ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻳﺘﻤ‬ ‫أن‬
...

‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫اﻟﺪروس‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫أراد‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫املﺆرخ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺬاﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫أ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﴎدك‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﴩع‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻵن‬ ‫أﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺟﻤﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫»ﻳﺒﺪو‬ :‫وﻫﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻷدﺑﻲ...

‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫»أﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ «‫ﺎ‬ٍّ‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدق‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱠة‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫املﺴﺘﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫»اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻳﺆ‬ ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﱪاﺑﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ «‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫»ﺗﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ :‫املﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫املﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬
.(١٢٣٣) ُ‫ﻞ‬...

‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫ﺻﻬﻮة‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﴩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﴐﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺮاح‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫رﺟ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ملﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﴩ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﲇ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو‬ ‫وﻫﻜﺬا‬
‫املﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ْ...

‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫إﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻜني‬ ‫زاﺋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪف‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻔﺔ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣﻜ‬ ‫ﻋﺮوض‬ ‫ﺗﺄدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
.(...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻋﲆ‬ ‫إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫رﻣﺰ‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ «‫روﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫راﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫»ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ًا‬‫ري‬‫وأﺧ‬ «.‫اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬ ...

‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬
‫أﻓﺮاد‬ ‫ﺑني‬ ،‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﴩﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎدي‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫رأﻳﻪ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻏري‬ ‫أﻧ...

‫اﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺲ‬َ‫ﺒ‬‫اﳌﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬ ‫أﻋﲈل‬
The Art of War, in Machiavelli: The Chief Works and Others, trans.
A. Gi...

‫إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءات‬
‫املﺮاﺟﻊ‬
Silvia Ruffo Fiore, Niccolò Machiavelli: An Annotated Bibliography of
Modern Criticism and Sch...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﳼ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎق‬
For the period of Machiavelli’s youth see Nicolai Rubinstein, The
Government of Florence unde...

‫إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءات‬
Modern Political Thought, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1978) and The Cambridge
History of Political Thought 1450–1...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
the Thought of Niccolò Machiavelli (Berkeley, Cal., 1984). Russell Price,
‘Self-Love, “Egoism” and Ambizione in...

‫إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءات‬
91–114. Marcia Colish, ‘Cicero’s De Officiis and Machiavelli’s Prince’ in
Sixteenth Century Journal 9 (1...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
M. Najemy ‘Arti and Ordini in Machiavelli’s Istorie Fiorentine’ in Essays
Presented to Myron P. Gilmore ed. Ser...

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﳼ‬ :‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
(1) Bernardo Machiavelli, Libro di Ricordi, ed. C. Olschki (Florence,
1954), pp. 11, ...

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻓﻴﻠﲇ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆرخ‬ :‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
(1) Poggio Bracciolini, ‘Historiae Florentini Populi’ in Opera Omnia,
ed. R....

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