Hybrid STM/HTM for Nested Transactions on OpenJDK

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Hybrid STM/HTM for Nested
Transactions on OpenJDK
Keith Chapman
Purdue U
Tony Hosking
ANU/Data61, Purdue U
Eliot Moss
UMass

Motivation
STM has been around for ages
• But STM is slow
Commodity hardware for transactions available now
• But HTM appr...

Nested Transactions
Allow composition of transactions
Two ﬂavors
• Closed Nested Transactions
• HTM inside STM not useful;...

XJ: Transactional Java
XJ Language
• Supports ﬂat and closed/open/boosted nested transactions
The implementation supports ...

TM Metadata
Txn Log
0 0Version # 0 0 0Txn ID 1
One metadata word for every object

STM Transaction Protocol (Read)
T1 Log
0 00 0

STM Transaction Protocol (Read)
T1 Log
0 00 0
Check Mode

STM Transaction Protocol (Read)
T1 Log
0 0
0 0
T1 Read

STM Transaction Protocol (Read)
T1 Log
0 0
0 0
T1 Validate

STM Transaction Protocol (Read)
T1 Log
0 0
T1 Commit

0 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log

0 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log
Check Mode

T1 1
0 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log
T1 Write

T1 1
0 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log
T1 Write

T1 1
0 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log
T1 Write

T1 11 0
STM Transaction Protocol (Write)
T1 Log
T1 Commit

STM Conﬂict Detection
T1 Log
0 00 0
T2 Log
0 0

STM Conﬂict Detection
T1 Log
0 0
0 0
T2 Log
0 0
T1 Read

STM Conﬂict Detection
T1 Log
0 0
0 0
T2 Log
0 0
T2 Write
T2 1

STM Conﬂict Detection
T1 Log
0 0
0 0
T2 Log
0 0
T1 Validate
T2 1

STM Conﬂict Detection
T1 Log
0 0
T2 Log
0 0
T1 Abort
T2 1

Hybrid Transaction Protocol
STM – HTM conﬂicts detected by lock word accesses
• Explicit XABORT if locked by another trans...

Abstract Locking
&
Undo Operations

Abstract Locks for STM
Open / Boosted Atomic Method
Body
Acquire abstract locks
Release abstract locks
If top level transa...

Abstract Locks for Hybrid TM
Open / Boosted Atomic Method
Body
Validate abstract locks
Open / Boosted Atomic Method
Body
A...

Why Validation Works
• HTM vs STM
• If abstract locks conﬂict they must touch some same
physical words in the abstract loc...

Why Validation Works
• HTM vs STM
• If abstract locks conﬂict they must touch some same
physical words in the abstract loc...

STM and HTM Methods
STM needs logging HTM doesn't
Different actions during read/write
Different actions for abstract locks...

STM and HTM Methods
STM needs logging HTM doesn't
Different actions during read/write
Different actions for abstract locks...

STM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)

STM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
New nested Txn
STM
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
New nested Txn
STM
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
New nested Txn
STM
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

STM Method Variants
STM
Transactionalized
Original
(Non-txnal)
New nested Txn
STM
Top-level Txn
STM
Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Original
(Non-txnal)Can call
A B

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Or...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Or...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
Top-level Txn
STM
Router
Or...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
STM
Transactionalized
Top-l...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
New nested
Txn HTM
STM
Tran...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
New nested
Txn HTM
STM
Tran...

Hybrid TM Method Variants
Optimized
New nested Txn
HTM
HTM
Transactionalized
Top-level Txn
HTM
New nested
Txn HTM
STM
Tran...

XJ System Architecture

XJ System Architecture
XJ source code

XJ System Architecture
XJ source code XJ Compiler
standard Java
bytecode
compile

XJ System Architecture
XJ source code XJ Compiler
standard Java
bytecode XJ Rewriter
bytecode
+ run-time calls
compile load

XJ System Architecture
XJ source code
XJ run-time
library
XJ Compiler
standard Java
bytecode XJ Rewriter
bytecode
+ run-ti...

XJ System Architecture
HTM 4-5 times faster than STM
XJ source code
XJ run-time
library
XJ Compiler
standard Java
bytecode...

VM Modiﬁcations
Kept to a minimum
Modiﬁcations done on OpenJDK:
• Native methods to begin, end, and abort a HW transaction...

Results

Synchrobench
Micro-benchmarks to evaluate synchronization performance on various
data structures
Added ability to run mult...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Threads
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
Throughput(Normalized)
0
0.2
0.4
...

0
50
100
150
200
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
1
2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
...

Conclusions
STM and HTM can co-exist for nested transactions in Java
• Closed nesting — Similar to previous schemes
• Open...

Conclusions
STM and HTM can co-exist for nested transactions in Java
• Closed nesting — Similar to previous schemes
• Open...

Conclusions
STM and HTM can co-exist for nested transactions in Java
• Closed nesting — Similar to previous schemes
• Open...

Conclusions
STM and HTM can co-exist for nested transactions in Java
• Closed nesting — Similar to previous schemes
• Open...

Conclusions
STM and HTM can co-exist for nested transactions in Java
• Closed nesting — Similar to previous schemes
• Open...

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