Korea ppt-pre-modern korea

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Bringing Korea into K-12 Classrooms
An Introduction to Pre-Modern
Korean History
National Korean Studies Seminar
Copyright...

The Roots of Koreans
• The Neolithic Age ancestors of the
Koreans migrated into the peninsula
around 4,000 B.C.E. and left...

Migration Routes of Ancient
Koreans

Dolmen (Island of Kanghwado)
• The early Koreans
lived in hilly areas,
engaging chiefly in
agriculture and even
rice farmi...

Comb Pattern Pottery
• An example of comb-
pattern ware dating
from 3,000-2,000
B.C.E. This ancient
bowl, excavated from
p...

The Creation Myth and the Origins
of Ancient Choson
• The son of the divine creator came to the human world
to establish a...

The summit of Mt. Paektu,
spiritual home of Koreans

National Shrine to Dangun
North Korea

The Han Dynasty and The Three
Kingdoms Period
• By 108 B.C.E. the Han dynasty had established
four outposts in Korea. At t...

The Three Kingdoms
• Each kingdom recognized
that China was superior
in power, and was
essentially left alone.
Tribute was...

The Kingdom of Goguryeo
(37 B.C.E. – 668 C.E.)
• Goguryeo’s proximity to China promoted
continuous influences. In 372 C.E....

Hunting Scene of Goguryeo Warriors
“Tomb of the Dancers” (Manchuria)

“The Tomb of the Dancers”
The previous image reflects the horseback
life of the peoples of Goguryeo. Before the
arrival of...

The Goguryeo Controversy
• Goguryeo was in the headlines by a relatively
recent Beijing-backed study that claims
Goguryeo ...

The Kingdom of Baekje
(18 B.C.E. – 660 C.E.)
• Buddhism and Confucianism were
introduced to Baekje shortly after these
bel...

The Silla Kingdom
(57 B.C.E. – 935 C.E.)
• Silla was initially more backward than Goguryeo
or Baekkje and less influenced ...

Queen Sondok’s Reign
• During Queen Sondok’s reign,
as in most of the Three
Kingdom’s period, the Korean
peninsula was a v...

Queen Sondok’s reign
• The stone pagoda of
the Punhwang
Temple was built
during her reign and
is the only one
surviving fr...

Important Developments in Silla
• By the 6th
century the Chinese title wang (king)
was adopted and Buddhism was accepted a...

Silla Kingdom
• Distinctive elements
of the Silla culture
were found in the
tombs of royalty and
nobility, such as this
go...

The Silla Kingdom
One of the most famous
royal tombs in the ancient
capital (Kyongju) is now
open to the public. It
contai...

Shamanism
• “The heavenly horse” tomb painting is another early
example of shamanistic-type painting in Korea.
• Shamans w...

Unified Silla (668-935 C.E.)
• After the Tang allied with Silla and defeated
Goguryeo and Baekje, Silla was able to get
Go...

Unified Silla (668-935 C.E.)
• Unified Silla lasted for nearly three
centuries, and for a time, along with Tang
China, was...

Achievements of Unified Silla
• Tourists still witness the achievements of
the golden age of Silla.
• The craftsmanship an...

Kyongju and the Royal Tombs

Bulguksa (“Buddha nation temple”)

Bulguksa (built in 528 C.E. and
restored in 1970s )

The Sokkuram Grotto
• High in the mountains
in a cave above
Bulguksa is the
famous Buddha of the
Sokkuram Grotto.
• The Bu...

Kwaenung Tomb (near Kyongju)

The Decline of Silla
• The dynasty declined in the 8th
century.
• After a king was assassinated in 780,
political turmoil ...

The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392):
Early Goryeo
• Wang Kon founded a new unified dynasty
that lasted for nearly five centuries...

Influence of Buddhism
• Buddhism was at its height in the 10th
and 11th
century in Goryeo, played a major role in social
l...

Haeinsa

Haeinsa

Early Goryeo Achievements
• One of the great achievements was the
publication of the entire Buddhist
scriptures on woodblo...

The Tripitaka (Buddhist Scriptures)
at Haeinsa
• It is possible to see
the second set of
woodblocks when
touring Haeinsa.
...

The Invention of Movable Type
• By 1234, if not earlier, Goryeo had also invented
movable metal type, two centuries before...

Goryeo Celadon
• Celadon with delicate
colors (especially jade
green) is considered the
crowning glory of
Goryeo’s artisti...

Later Goryeo and the Mongols
• In the early 13th
century Genghis Khan united the
Mongolian tribes, captured Peking and nor...

Mongol Rule
• By 1271 the military leadership surrendered and was
forced to accept Yuan domination.
• The Korean people su...

Mongol Rule
• Because of the vastness of the Mongolian
Empire, Korea was now more open to
technological influences.
• The ...

The End of Goryeo
• With the death of the Khubilai Khan in 1294, the Yuan
empire was weakened and it began to loosen its g...

Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910):
Early period to the 17th
century)
• Yi Songgye (Taejo r. 1392-1398) founded
Korea’s longest dy...

Namdaemun Gate, Seoul
• Namdaemun is
considered Korea’s
National Treasure
Number One. It was first
built in 1398 and rebui...

Relations with China
• King Taejo continued the traditional
relationship with China. The missions
served the purpose of re...

Early Joseon Developments
• In spite of the fact that Taejo was a devout Buddhist, he
directed the dynasty to adopt neo-Co...

King Sejong (1418-1450): A Golden
Age for Korea
• King Sejong became Korea’s greatest monarch by
bringing stability and pr...

King Sejong’s reign
• He showed great concern for the peasants,
providing tax reform and relief in hard times. His
scholar...

Joseon and Neo-Confucianism
• While the Goryeo dynasty is remembered for the
dominance of Buddhism, Joseon is known for
Co...

Neo-Confucianism
• Prior to this time Buddhism and Confucianism
had coexisted, but now there were restrictions
against the...

The Impact of Confucianism
on Society
• Confucianism contributed to the stability of
society and perpetuated for centuries...

Impact of Confucianism
on Government
• Confucianism also influenced the growth of the
Chinese examination system that had ...

The Influence of Confucianism
on Economic Development
• Confucian beliefs helped to perpetuate a
static agrarian society a...

The Influence of Confucianism
on the Arts
• The influence of Confucianism may also be seen
in the arts.
• Chinese-style la...

Changdokkung Palace
• This palace was built in
1405 by the third ruler of
the Joseon dynasty as a
royal villa.
• After 140...

White Porcelain
• Modesty and humility
were stressed by
Confucianism.
• It was felt that colors
were associated with
emoti...

The Weakening of Joseon
• Despite the influence of the early enlightened
monarchs, problems appeared that ultimately
weake...

The Rise of Hideyoshi
• As intense factions were growing in Korea,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi was crushing his rivals and
reunifyi...

Admiral Yi Sunsin
• Within a month the Japanese captured Seoul
and nearly the entire peninsula; however,
Admiral Yi Sunsin...

Admiral Yi’s Victory
• With the assistance of his warships, Admiral Yi
stopped Japanese advances.
• Meanwhile, yangban, pe...

The Turtle Boat
• The Korean War Museum
in Seoul houses a replica
of Admiral Sunsin’s
famed turtle boat.
• Koreans are pro...

Results of the Japanese Invasions
• The invasion has been emphasized in
Korean literature and still contributes to
bittern...

Arrival of the Manchus
• Korea had barely recovered from the invasions
when the Manchus invaded from the north,
seized lan...

A Nation in Transition:
The 17th
, 18th
and 19th
Centuries
• The invasions by the Japanese and the
Manchus were a turning ...

Hendrik Hamel
• In 1653, a Dutch ship was wrecked near
Cheju Island. Though the sailors were
rescued, the Dutchmen were he...

Sirhak Movement
(Practical Learning)
• During the 17th
century, as economic and political
problems grew more severe, a gro...

Sirhak’s Intellectual and
Artistic Influence
• The Sirhak movement influenced the publication
of books on political, econo...

The Folk Culture
• Greater realism and individualism appeared in
the arts.
• Genre painting of ordinary events of everyday...

Genre Painting
(“Women’s Outing”)

Mask Drama Plays
• Masked dance
dramas developed as
an entertainment form
expressing the
thoughts of the
general populace ...

Catholicism:
Another Force for Change
• Catholicism (Western Learning) was introduced
by Jesuit missionaries in the early ...

Tonghak
(Eastern Learning)
• The Tonghak movement began as a response to
Catholicism, government corruption, social
injust...

The Opening of Korea, Attempts at
Reform, and National Peril
• The Korean people encountered
additional problems in the 19...

“The Hermit Kingdom”
• Koreans continued to reject outsiders as a result
of the tragic results of contact with the Japanes...

A Treaty with Japan (1876)
• In 1876 Japanese warships invaded Korea and
demanded commercial and diplomatic relations.
Jap...

A Treaty with the U.S., 1882
• In 1873 King Kojong, decided to deal more effectively
with the outside world by promoting r...

Protestant Missionaries
• With the influx of Protestant (Presbyterian
and Methodist) missionaries, Christianity
spread and...

Imperialism and War
• Korea in the late 19th
century became
increasingly the center of rivalry among England,
Russia, Chin...

The Loss of Sovereignty and the
End of Joseon
• In a 1905 secret agreement with Japan (Taft-
Katsura Agreement), Teddy Roo...

Bibliography
• The Koreas: A Global Studies Handbook
(2002). Mary Connor (ABC-CLIO)
• Korea Old and New: A History (1990)....

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