Dr. Kimberly Schonert-Reichl Presentation to ECPS Colleagues, Febru...

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Promoting Empathy, Kindness, and
Altruism in Childhood and
Adolescence: Emerging Research, Lingering
Questions, and Direct...

Overview
 Introduction
 Declining empathy in youth?
 Recent findings
 Lingering questions
 Directions for future rese...

Thanks to . . .
Graduate Students
 Eva Oberle
 Molly Stewart Lawlor
 Jenna Whitehead
 Jenny Kitil
 Jacquie Maloney
 ...

Recent Research
Evaluating the
Effectiveness of Social and
Emotional Learning (SEL)
Programs
•Roots of Empathy
•MindUP
•SM...

University-
Community
Collaborations:
Translational
Research

University-Community Collaborations:
Partnerships

“Educating the mind without educating the heart
is no education at all.”
- Aristotle

Prosocialness*
 Cooperativeness,
helpfulness, sharing, and
being empathic
*Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, ...

Can Prosocialty Be
Taught?

A Baby and a Snugglie…

The story of “Darren”
Darren was the oldest child I ever saw in a Roots of Empathy class. He was in Grade 8
and had been h...

Why
Now?

Adolescents Today are
Less Empathic and
More Self-Absorbed
Decreasesin empathy in 14,000
college students between 1979 and...

Why?

What
Now?

Deficits to
Developmental
Potential

Promoting Resiliency

INTERVENTION PREVENTION

Social & Emotional Learning
(SEL): A Growing Movement

Prosocial Behaviours are
Malleable

An interdisciplinary
approach to
examining prosociality
in childhood and
adolescence

An evolutionary
perspective

Environmental
Mismatches
 “Environmental mismatches can
dysregulate adolescent development
and behavior: The case of age
...

Lesson
Themes
 Meeting the Baby
 Crying
 Caring and Planning for
the Baby
 Emotions
 Sleep
 Safety
 Communication
...

Integrating ROE into the Curriculum:
Literacy Activities

What does the research
say about the effectiveness
of the Roots of Empathy?

Changes in Peer Assessments
of Prosocialness
Schonert-Reichl, Smith, Zaidman-Zait, & Hertzman, 2012, School Mental Health

What are the mechanisms/processes
that can account for positive changes
from ROE?
 Social psychological theories of group...

Notes on Cultures of Violence, Cultures of Caring
and Peace, and the Fulfillment of Basic Human
Needs
(Staub, E., 2003)
“T...

A Neuroscience
Perspective:
Mindfulness
Interventions

Social and Emotional Learning &
Mindfulness

MINDUP and Scholastic

The Core Practice – 3 times a day
“the heart of the program”
•Pause
•Listen
•Breathe
39

The Gratitude Practice

Intervention
Activities
•3 x daily mindful
breathing.
•Sustained
attention on
present moment
experiences.
•Practicing
pers...

MINDUP RCT

Executive Functions

Child Self-Reports
Change Scores
ES=.42
ES=.40
ES=.48
ES=.59
ES=.50
ES=-.45
ES=.55

Change Scores
Peer Behavioral Assessments
ES=.44
ES=.76
ES=.72
ES=.87
ES=.36
ES=.42
ES=.55
ES=-.71

The Prosocial Classroom:
A Model of Teacher Social and Emotional Competence
and Classroom and Child Outcomes
Healthy
Teach...

A Positive Psychology
Perspective

Positive Activities
• Writing letters of gratitude1, 2, 3
• Counting your blessings4, 5
• Performing acts of kindness4, 6
...

Research Questions
• Does children’s well-being increase in
response to positive activities?
• How might engaging in posit...

Method
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Week 1 Assent &
Baseline
Measures
Week 2 Activity
Instructions
Complete
Ac...

Examples of Responses
ACT OF KINDNESS
• Gave a friend a nice snack
• Hugged Vanessa
• I listened to people who
have troubl...

A Biological/Health
Psychology Perspective

Can random assignment to
volunteering reduce cardiovascular
risk in teens?

Volunteering Reduces CV Risk
(Schreier, Schonert-Reichl, & Chen, 2013, JAMA – Pediatrics)

It’s Good to be Good

“It’s not survival of the fittest; it’s
survival of the kindest.”
Dacher Kelner

Lingering Questions
 The evolutionary basis of altruism.
 Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Altruistic helping in
hu...

Helping Toddler
Video’s
 http://www.eva.mpg.de/psycho/study
-videos.php

Lingering Questions
 Why is there a decline in prosocialness
in the control groups?
 What happens in school contexts tha...

How can we disrupt
the downward
trajectory?

Directions for Future
Research
 Interdisciplinary research –
 Social Psychology (e.g., examine
peer hiearchies)
 Biolog...

+ Social Hierarchies, Stress
Reactivity and Health
Primate species form stable, linearly transitive social
hierarchies
S...

Some recent
publications

The PAUSE
Puppets
Books
The “Taxi Dog Educational Program” &
The Ingredients: The Primer Lessons

KINDNESS
IN THE CLASSROOM
Free K-12 instructional materials teach prosocial skills

SCHOOLS
K-12 Lesson Plans, Educator Guide
Online Professional Learning Course
Kindness Resources
HOMES
Home Extension Acti...

Presentation Design: Jeremy Alexander - HELP
Photo Credits:
Boy pointing by ruurmo; Boy with pug by Renata Alves dos Anjos...

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