Basics of Power Inverters

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Ad

Basics of the Power Inverter

Before We Start
q This webinar will be available at
www.windpowerengineering.com & email
q Q&A at the end of the pres...

Moderator Presenters
Paul Dvorak
Windpower Engineering
& Development
John Greulich
PSI Repair
Aaron Lawson
PSI Repa...

Our Livonia Campus

PSI Repair Services, Inc.
• Electronic
• Mechanical
• Ballscrew
• Electronic Design
• Mechanical Design
• Manufactur...

You Know Our Customers Ford Motor
Bosch
General Motors
Chrysler
Delphi
Hyundai
Denso
Thyssenkrupp
Toyoda
Honda
T...

Repair Capabilities
Electronics
Robotics
Motion Control
Process Control
Instrumentation
Hydraulics
Vacuum Pumps
Se...

What is an Inverter?
An inverter is a type of power converter that changes
direct current (DC) to alternating current (A...

Types of Power Converters
AC
AC/AC Converting DC/DC Converting
AC
DC
DC
AC/DC Rectification
DC/AC Inverting

Types of Power Converters
AC
AC/AC Converting DC/DC Converting
AC
DC
DC
AC/DC Rectification
DC/AC Inverting

Types of Power Converters
AC
AC/AC Converting DC/DC Converting
AC
DC
DC
AC/DC Rectification
DC/AC Inverting

Types of Power Converters
AC
AC/AC Converting DC/DC Converting
AC
DC
DC
AC/DC Rectification
DC/AC Inverting

Types of Power Converters
AC
AC/AC Converting DC/DC Converting
AC
DC
DC
AC/DC Rectification
DC/AC Inverting

Predecessor to Solid State Inverters
Rotary Converter - Converts alternating current (AC)
to direct current (DC), or DC ...

Where Are Inverters Used?
• Renewable Energy
• Electric Vehicles
• Industrial Applications
• Medical

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

Generator
Rec+fier
AC-‐DC
DC
Link
Capacitors
Inverter
DC-‐AC
Communica+on
&
Control
Unit
3
Phase
Transform...

How Does an Inverter Work?
PWM Waveform
AC Voltage
DC voltage

What is PWM
• PWM: Pulse Width Modulation
• Square wave with a varied duty cycle
• Duty Cycle is the on-time/period
AV...

Main Components of a Wind Inverter System
Generator
DC Link
Capacitor
Bus
Structure
IGBT
Heat Sink
Pad Mount
Tran...

Types of Generators
Asyncronous Generators
Types: Squirrel Cage
DFIG
Syncronous Generators
Types: Permanent Magnet
E...

Wind Applications

Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Generators
• Around 80% of wind turbines
• Main Disadvantage: Slip ring contacts

Full Power Converter
• Reasonably priced, efficient converter
• Disadvantages: Increased losses and Harmonics

Bi-Directional Full Power Converter
• Full power available in low wind conditions

Solar Applications

Basic Photovoltaic Inverter System
• Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracker or DC-DC boost
converter

String inverter
• Example: Rooftop photovoltaic systems
• Outputs from 500 W to 5 kW

Multistring inverter
• Example: Medium sized
rooftop or ground-based
systems
• Outputs from 3 kW and
30 kW

Central inverter
• Example: Large
three-phase solar
farms
• Outputs from 60 kW
to 1 MW

General Applications

Basic Converter
• Example: Machine Tools under 15kW
• Not able to recover energy

Bi-Directional Converter
Energy Efficient: energy fed back to the grid

Goals of a Well Designed Inverter
Well
Balanced
Switching
Wide
Operating
Temperature
Long Life
Good Thermal
Effic...

How Design Affects Inverter Operation
DC Link
Capacitor
s
• Fast Switching
• Cost effective – Typically 30-50% of
in...

How Design Affects Inverter Operation
Bus
Structure
Snubber
Capacitor
s
• Low Stray inductance
• Poor snubber circu...

How Design Affects Inverter Operation
Drive
Electronic
s
Control
Electronic
s
• Controls the IGBT
• Short circuit ...

How Design Affects Inverter Operation
Heat Sink
• Surface flatness ≤ 50μm
• Surface roughness ≤ 10μm
OEM
specified
s...

Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
Thermal
Resistance
Minimum Maximum
Thickness of TIM

Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
Thermal
Resistance
Minimum Maximum
Thickness of TIM

Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
Thermal
Resistance
Minimum Maximum
Thickness of TIM

Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
Thermal
Resistance
Minimum Maximum
Thickness of TIM

The Perfect Switch
No Overshoot or
Ringing
Fast Turn On Fast Turn Off

Design Trade-offs
Speed
Excessive
Voltage
Spikes
Safe
Operating
Zone
Excessive Heat

The Worst Case: Overvoltage
Excessive voltage
overshoot
V=퐿 푑푖/푑푡 
Excessive
Ringing
1700V
IGBT Peak
1000V
IGBT N...

The Worst Case: Excessive Heat
Very Slow Turn
Off
Excessive Heat
Generation
Very Slow Turn
On

The Real World Switch
Minimal Overshoot Minimal Ringing
Minimal Turn
on time
Minimal Turn
off Time

Failure Originating from Utility Grid
Grid Faults include:
• Transients
• Power Factor issues
• High grid voltage
• L...

Failures

Questions?
Paul Dvorak
Windpower Engineering & Development
pdvorak@wtwhmedia.com
Twitter: @Windpower_Eng
Aaron Lawson...

Thank You
q This webinar will be available at
www.windpowerengineering.com & email
q Tweet with hashtag #WindWebinar ...

Share Slideshare

LinkedIn
Facebook
Twitter

Embed

Size (px)

Show related Slideshows at end

WordPress Shortcode

Link

Share
Email

Inverter topologies by Anurag Kinger 11262 views
Inverter by Ritayan Bandyopad... 13449 views
Current Source Inverter and Voltage... by Sadanand Purohit 41981 views
Power Electronics Chapter 7 by guest8ae54cfb 59777 views
Inverters by popet 27450 views

View on Slideshare

1 of 58 Ad

View on Slideshare

1 of 58 Ad