An In-Situ Study of Mobile Phone Notifications

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Research
An In-Situ Study of
Mobile Phone Notifications
Martin Pielot
Telefónica
Research
Rodrigo de
Oliveira
Goog...

Motivation
On notification, people often interrupt
current activities to check notification
…
We aimed to better under...

In-Situ Study on Mobile Phone Notifications
(1) Quantitative analysis of notifications
and attentiveness
(2) Fusion wit...

Methodology

Participants
15 Volunteers (6 female, 9 male)
Europe and US
Late 20ies, early 30ies
Information workers

Notification Monitor

Notification Posted

Opening of Notification Center

Launch of Apps

Attentiveness
Time

Attentiveness
Time

No notifications on lock screen!

E-mail
Other apps
(updates, games,
etc.)
Diary Survey – Daily for 7 Days
*
5. How much did the majority of these me...

E-mail
Other apps
(updates, games,
etc.)
Diary Survey – Daily for 7 Days
*
5. How much did the majority of these me...

E-mail
Other apps
(updates, games,
etc.)
Diary Survey – Daily for 7 Days
*
5. How much did the majority of these me...

E-mail
Other apps
(updates, games,
etc.)
Diary Survey – Daily for 7 Days
*
5. How much did the majority of these me...

E-mail
Other apps
(updates, games,
etc.)
Diary Survey – Daily for 7 Days
*
5. How much did the majority of these me...

Notifications

6854 notifications in 7 days
messengers
49%
email
32%
social
networks
4%
other
15%
Participants did not have
to...

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Notifications per Day
Messengers Email Social Networks Other
63.5 notifications per da...

100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
MIM Email Social Other
User Responses
How many notifications have you received
on your mo...

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Messages: breaks and evening
Emails: work hours
Messengers Email Social Other
0 4 ...

Attentiveness

Attentiveness - Expectations
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
With respect to the people you commun...

Attentiveness - Expectations
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
With respect to the people you commun...

Actual Attentiveness
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Time until attended (min)
Messengers Email So...

Ringer Mode
Vibration mode  faster notification attendance
No difference between silent and normal mode

Emotional Impact

How frequently felt distracted?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Msgs Email Social Other
User Responses
NA
never
rarely ...

WhatsApp was distracting a bit in the
evening when I was out at the opera and
then for birthday drinks with friends. It ...

Please tell us more about the application or notifications that cause the most distraction
Daily Diary
*
6. With respec...

more
emails
Keri J. Email customized icon. via Flickr, Mar 3, 2010 (CC BY-ND
2.0)

Increased feelings of
overwhelmed
interrupted
stressed
annoyed
LaurMG. A frustrated man sitting at a desk. via Wikipe...

Email notifications are usually from
exchange server, so they are work
related. It means if I am not near my
computer, ...

more
messages

Increased feelings of
having to deal with
a lot of messages
and being
overwhelmed
Jhaymesisviphotography. Texting. vi...

WhatsApp users don’t have option to
stop other side of users knowing if you
have already read or not [...] people
tend ...

BUT also
feeling connected
with others
Brinks Alo. Week 11/52: How Sweet It is To Be Loved by You. via Flickr, Oct 3, 2...

I was talking to my sister. She was
sad [and] I wanted to respond
immediately to comfort her.

Design Implications for
Notification Handling

Reducing number of interruptions
Rosenthal et al. 2011
e.g. by muting the ringer when
notification is predicted to be
...

Defer notification ‘til opportune moment
Horvitz et al. 2005, Iqbal and Bailey 2008, Fischer et al. 2011, Leiva et al.
2...

Communicating non-availability
Harper and Taylor 2009, Reynolds et al. 2013, Pielot et al. 2014
e.g. by communicating co...

Take Aways
63.5 notifications per day, mostly from
communication apps
People attend fast to notifications, in particula...

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