Gross structure of the brain

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Gross Structure of the Brain TJ del Mundo, MD, DPBO College of Optometry CEU

Nervous System  CNS (central nervous system) Brain Spinal Cord  PNS (peripheral nervous system) Peripheral Nerve G...

Central Nervous System - Brain

Gross Divisions of the Brain  Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere)  Diencephalon  Cerebellum  Brainstem

Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metenc...

Inner Structures of the Brain <ul><li>Basal ganglia </li></ul><ul><li>Thalamus </li></ul><ul><li>Hypothalamus </li></ul><u...

Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere <ul><li>Cerebral Cortex </li></ul><ul><li>- lobes, gyrus & sulcus </li></ul><ul><li>2. Cere...

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface) <ul><li>Frontal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Parietal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Tem...

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface) <ul><li>Frontal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Parietal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Temp...

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface) <ul><li>Frontal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Parietal lobe </li></ul><ul><li>Temp...

Lateral Surface Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyr...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface) Broca’s area Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis

Motor Homunculus

Photograph of the brain of Broca’s patient called “Tan” (real name is Leborgne). Broca’s Area Pars triangularis and pars ...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

Gyri of the Parietal Lobe Lateral Surface Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area Superior Parietal Lobule Inf...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

Sensory Homunculus

Gyri of the Occipital Lobe Lateral Surface Lateral Occipital Gyrus Superior Occipital Gyrus Inferior Occipital Gyrus Me...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

Gyri of the Temporal Lobe Lateral Surface Superior Temporal Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Basal S...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

Gyri of the Limbic Lobe Outer Ring Cingulate Gyrus Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus ...

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)

Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain 1 2 3 4 5

Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain 1 2 3 4

Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain 1 2

Insula of Reil

Structures around the Limbic Lobe 1 2 3

Structures of the Limbic Lobe 1 2 3

Structures of the Limbic Lobe 1 2 3

Structures of Fornix <ul><li>Uncus </li></ul><ul><li>Hippocampus </li></ul><ul><li>Fimbria </li></ul><ul><li>Crus </li></u...

Cerebral White Matter Projection fiber Corona radiata Commissural fiber Corpus callosum rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Ant...

Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section) 1. Corpus callosum 2. Internal capsule 3. Superior occipitofrontal fasc...

Basal Ganglia (traditional concept) Corpus striatum lenticular nucleus putamen globus pallidus caudate nucleus Amygdaloid ...

Basal Ganglia 1 2 3 1 2 4 3

Basal Ganglia 1 2 3 1 2 3

Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus 3 rd ventricle and tela choroidea

Diencephalon 1 2 3 4 5 1 3 2

Ventral Surface of Diencephalon 1 2 3 4 5 5 6

Cerebellum Anterior Lobe Posterior Lobe Flocculonodular Lobe flocculus, nodulus Vermis Paravermal Region Cerebellar Hemi...

Cerebellum (posterosuperior view) 1 2 3

Cerebellum (posteroinferior view) flocculus

Cerebellum (anterior view) 1 2 3

Cerebellum (medial view)

Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata 4 th Ventricle Rhomboid Fossa

Brain Stem Anterior surface 1 2 3 4 III VI V VII VIII 5 IX X XI XII

Brain Stem Posterior surface IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rhomboid Fossa 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3

Roof of the 4 th Ventricle 1 2

Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metenc...

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