Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage



Educational Toolkit
Teaching Material

Basic Course
Module 5                      Monitoring and maintenance
                              How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation
Topic               5.1.1     treatments

Prof. Guido Biscontin & Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
         Copyright

         ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012
         This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the
         project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of
         EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to
         the ELAICH Beneficiaries.

         This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational
         toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education,
         clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms.

         Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than
         intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in
         any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless
         prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained.




         Disclaimer
         This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The
         contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no
         circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.



Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Abstract   The topic 5.1 introduces you to the concept of Monitoring as a fundamental
           part of a conservation project.
           Monitoring means to evaluate a series of parameters which can describe the
           state of conservation of the artifacts. Of course, this evaluation has to be done
           on restored artifacts as well, since it allows to control the efficiency of the
           intervention over time.

           From the theory to the practice?! It is necessary to know the behaviours of
           different materials, to set the specific environmental conditions and to project
           a Monitoring Plan over time. As a matter of fact, some processes are very
           quick (for example the deposition of dust on the surfaces), some others are
           slower (such as the chemical transformations due to acid rains). In this
           context, it is crucial to define and select suitable parameters and easy
           methods for monitoring over time not only the artifacts but also the stability
           and efficiency of the products used during the conservation process.


       Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage


 Monitoring means…
                                            In laboratory         Control of parameters by
...to perform evaluation tests                                          objective analysis
                                                                        reference indexes
on conservation products and
                                                                     application of specific
treatments                                  In situ
                                                                   measurement protocols


   Selection of the best conservative treatments considering: aesthetic and
 material compatibility with the system, sustainability, low environmental impact,
 low toxicity, etc.

   Determination of the most relevant indexes for the correct evaluation of the
 use of innovative methodologies or new products (meaningful, objective,
 measurable and repeatable parameters)


                     MONITORING as a PROGRAMMED ACTION

       Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Monitoring means…
  evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in laboratory



Biblioteca Marciana, S.
Mark’s square, Venice

Analysis of superficial
architectural layers



Patina with silicium
and calcium oxalate




       Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage


Monitoring means…
 evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in situ


  Application of
    differnt
    products




 Select the best one

 Check the stability,
compatibility of the
products over time



   Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

We can monitor different parameters, for example…

      Material Parameters                      Aesthetical Parameters

 -Superficial  micro-morphology                         -Colour

    -Water repellence/affinity                   -Substituted  material
     -Content of soluble salts           -Re-integration (pictorial, plastered

- Material cohesion and adhesion                        areas)
  -Material resistance to climatic                       -etc.

              changes
                -etc


                 Let’s see together some of them!

    Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage



MONITORING: EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION PRODUCTS

                                         Products used in conservation
                                             should have specific
                                               characteristics:

   EVALUATION OF                                  -Compatibility
   CONSERVATION                                    -Reversibility
     PRODUCTS                                   - Water repellence
                                                  - permeability
                                                     -Stability
                                                   -Low toxicity
                                                  -Transparency
                                              - Low colour changes


    Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

            PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS

                                          the products can be removed
                                          from the substrate without
 COMPATIBILITY                            damaging it




                                                Formation of a two-
                                          component system (substrate-
  REVERSIBILITY                               products), in which the
                                          physical, chemical,mechanical
                                           and aesthetical properties of
                                            the products don’t inerfere
                                                 with the substrate

Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                                                                                                       Compatibility or not?




   Figura 1 particolare della zona A sulla Trachite Euganea prima         Figura 2 particolare della zona A sulla Trachite Euganea dopo la
   dell’intervento                                                        rimozione dell’impasto epossidico




   Figura 3 particolare della zona A a seguito dell’impacco               Figura 4 dopo la rimozione dell’impacco l’area viene pulita
   estrattivo – si nota il rigonfiamento e l’indebolimento della resina   tramite lavaggio con vapore e blanda azione meccanica
   con la successiva scagliatura
Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS



   WATER REPELLENCE                          Water is not able to wet the
                                             product




                                             Water enters in contact with
    IMPERMEABILITY                           the product-surface but
                                             doesn’t penetrate into it



   Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS: EVALUATION OF WATER
   REPELLENCE/WATER AFFINITY OF STONE SAMPLES




  Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS: EVALUATION OF WATER
   REPELLENCE/WATER AFFINITY OF STONE SAMPLES
                         Angle <90° = wettability
              35°


                                               135°




                                                                              105°



           Angle >90° = water repellence




  Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                                           Water repellence or affinity?




                                         Water droplets on Istrian Stone




Water droplets on
textile



   Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                                  MEASUREMENT OF WATER ABSORPTION
                                                   raw stone material (no treatments)
                          0,010


                          0,008
Absorbed water (ml/cm2)




                          0,006


                          0,004


                          0,002


                          0,000
                                  0   5     10     15        20    25   30      35

                                                  Time (minutes)

                                            Stone treated with a water-repellent product
                                               less water absorbed
Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                        MEASUREMENT OF WATER ABSORPTION
                                                                         !
                                                             a nd water!
                                     e      o s “M onitoring
                         k of the vid
              Have a loo

                                                             Non treated material
            0,003
Absorbed
                                                             Treated material
water
(ml/cm2)    0,002
                                                             Treated and ageing material

            0,001

                                                              Water                 Product    is
               0
                    0          5      10     15        20
                                                              absorption            deteriorated

                         Time (min)
                                                  Time for a maintenance intervention!!

           Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage


PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS

        TOXICITY                             The product maintain its
                                             characterists over time
                                             althought subjected to
                                             deterioration agents
                                             (environment, use, ..)



                                             Products are dangerous for
                                             the operators’ health for and
       STABILITY                             environment




   Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage


PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS



                                               ?                    ?
     TRANSPARENCY

                                             Are these characteristics only
                                             linked to aesthetic isues?



        COLOUR
                                                                   ?
                                              ?
   Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                          EVALUATION OF COLOUR
                                            CIELAB system:
                                            •L * defines the brightness and
                                            indicates the value between white
                                            and black
                                            •a * indicates the value between
                                            red and green: a * positive values
                                            appear reddish, negative a * values
                                            greenish.
                                            •b * indicates the value between
Color representation using three-           yellow and blue: positive b * values
dimensional space                           appear yellowish, negative b *
(coordinates of tristimulus)                values bluish.

LET’S SEE HOW TO MEASURE AND MONITOR COLOURS IN CULTURAL
HETITAGE: LOOK AT THE VIDEO “Monitoring the colour”

        Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                                 EVALUATION OF COLOUR
                                                                                   100
                                              16   b*
                                              14                              L*   90
                                              12
                                              10                                   80
                                               8
                                                                                   70
                                               6
                                               4                                   60
                                               2
                                                                        a*
                                               0                                   50
-10      -8     -6         -4           -2    -2 0      2   4   6   8    10
                                              -4                                   40
                                              -6
                                                                                   30
                                              -8
                                             -10                                   20
                                             -12
  TAL QUALE    (b)   (c)   (d)    (e)
                                             -14                                   10
                                             -16
                                                                                    0

      Graphical representation of chromaticity coordinates in space CIE L * a * b *

      Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage



              This presentation was done with the collaboration
              between




              Ca’ Foscari University of Venice: Prof. Guido Biscontin,
              Prof. Elisabetta Zendri, M.Sc. Eleonora Balliana and Dr.
              Francesca Caterina Izzo


              Arcadia Ricerche Srl-Venice: Prof. Guido Driussi, M.Sc.
              Zeno Morabito




Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice

Elaich module 5 topic 5.1.1

  • 1.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Educational Toolkit Teaching Material Basic Course Module 5 Monitoring and maintenance How to monitor cultural heritage after the conservation Topic 5.1.1 treatments Prof. Guido Biscontin & Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 2.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 3.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Abstract The topic 5.1 introduces you to the concept of Monitoring as a fundamental part of a conservation project. Monitoring means to evaluate a series of parameters which can describe the state of conservation of the artifacts. Of course, this evaluation has to be done on restored artifacts as well, since it allows to control the efficiency of the intervention over time. From the theory to the practice?! It is necessary to know the behaviours of different materials, to set the specific environmental conditions and to project a Monitoring Plan over time. As a matter of fact, some processes are very quick (for example the deposition of dust on the surfaces), some others are slower (such as the chemical transformations due to acid rains). In this context, it is crucial to define and select suitable parameters and easy methods for monitoring over time not only the artifacts but also the stability and efficiency of the products used during the conservation process. Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 4.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Monitoring means… In laboratory Control of parameters by ...to perform evaluation tests objective analysis reference indexes on conservation products and application of specific treatments In situ measurement protocols Selection of the best conservative treatments considering: aesthetic and material compatibility with the system, sustainability, low environmental impact, low toxicity, etc. Determination of the most relevant indexes for the correct evaluation of the use of innovative methodologies or new products (meaningful, objective, measurable and repeatable parameters) MONITORING as a PROGRAMMED ACTION Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 5.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Monitoring means… evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in laboratory Biblioteca Marciana, S. Mark’s square, Venice Analysis of superficial architectural layers Patina with silicium and calcium oxalate Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 6.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Monitoring means… evaluation tests on conservation products and treatments in situ Application of differnt products Select the best one Check the stability, compatibility of the products over time Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 7.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage We can monitor different parameters, for example… Material Parameters Aesthetical Parameters -Superficial micro-morphology -Colour -Water repellence/affinity -Substituted material -Content of soluble salts -Re-integration (pictorial, plastered - Material cohesion and adhesion areas) -Material resistance to climatic -etc. changes -etc Let’s see together some of them! Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 8.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage MONITORING: EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION PRODUCTS Products used in conservation should have specific characteristics: EVALUATION OF -Compatibility CONSERVATION -Reversibility PRODUCTS - Water repellence - permeability -Stability -Low toxicity -Transparency - Low colour changes Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 9.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS the products can be removed from the substrate without COMPATIBILITY damaging it Formation of a two- component system (substrate- REVERSIBILITY products), in which the physical, chemical,mechanical and aesthetical properties of the products don’t inerfere with the substrate Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 10.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Compatibility or not? Figura 1 particolare della zona A sulla Trachite Euganea prima Figura 2 particolare della zona A sulla Trachite Euganea dopo la dell’intervento rimozione dell’impasto epossidico Figura 3 particolare della zona A a seguito dell’impacco Figura 4 dopo la rimozione dell’impacco l’area viene pulita estrattivo – si nota il rigonfiamento e l’indebolimento della resina tramite lavaggio con vapore e blanda azione meccanica con la successiva scagliatura Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 11.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS WATER REPELLENCE Water is not able to wet the product Water enters in contact with IMPERMEABILITY the product-surface but doesn’t penetrate into it Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 12.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS: EVALUATION OF WATER REPELLENCE/WATER AFFINITY OF STONE SAMPLES Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 13.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS: EVALUATION OF WATER REPELLENCE/WATER AFFINITY OF STONE SAMPLES Angle <90° = wettability 35° 135° 105° Angle >90° = water repellence Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 14.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage Water repellence or affinity? Water droplets on Istrian Stone Water droplets on textile Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 15.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage MEASUREMENT OF WATER ABSORPTION raw stone material (no treatments) 0,010 0,008 Absorbed water (ml/cm2) 0,006 0,004 0,002 0,000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time (minutes) Stone treated with a water-repellent product less water absorbed Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 16.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage MEASUREMENT OF WATER ABSORPTION ! a nd water! e o s “M onitoring k of the vid Have a loo Non treated material 0,003 Absorbed Treated material water (ml/cm2) 0,002 Treated and ageing material 0,001 Water Product is 0 0 5 10 15 20 absorption deteriorated Time (min) Time for a maintenance intervention!! Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 17.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS TOXICITY The product maintain its characterists over time althought subjected to deterioration agents (environment, use, ..) Products are dangerous for the operators’ health for and STABILITY environment Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 18.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS ? ? TRANSPARENCY Are these characteristics only linked to aesthetic isues? COLOUR ? ? Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 19.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage EVALUATION OF COLOUR CIELAB system: •L * defines the brightness and indicates the value between white and black •a * indicates the value between red and green: a * positive values appear reddish, negative a * values greenish. •b * indicates the value between Color representation using three- yellow and blue: positive b * values dimensional space appear yellowish, negative b * (coordinates of tristimulus) values bluish. LET’S SEE HOW TO MEASURE AND MONITOR COLOURS IN CULTURAL HETITAGE: LOOK AT THE VIDEO “Monitoring the colour” Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 20.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage EVALUATION OF COLOUR 100 16 b* 14 L* 90 12 10 80 8 70 6 4 60 2 a* 0 50 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 -4 40 -6 30 -8 -10 20 -12 TAL QUALE (b) (c) (d) (e) -14 10 -16 0 Graphical representation of chromaticity coordinates in space CIE L * a * b * Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice
  • 21.
    Educational Linkage ApproachIn Cultural Heritage This presentation was done with the collaboration between Ca’ Foscari University of Venice: Prof. Guido Biscontin, Prof. Elisabetta Zendri, M.Sc. Eleonora Balliana and Dr. Francesca Caterina Izzo Arcadia Ricerche Srl-Venice: Prof. Guido Driussi, M.Sc. Zeno Morabito Prof. Guido Biscontin&Dr.Francesca Caterina Izzo - University Ca’ Foscari of Venice