https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 3
This study sought to examine the effect of tax authority regulation and administration on
voluntary compliance among small-scale businesses in Kakamega Municipality. The
beneficiaries of the study are to be the Kenya revenue authority and relevant tax agencies. It
may serve as input in designing the tax system both at the counties and national government;
may serve as a reference for further studies in this area The research design adopted was a
descriptive survey as the findings were be generalized to a large population and it will
determine the current situation on the ground thereby providing the opportunity to improve it
accordingly. Data was collected using structured questionnaires to 124 sampled taxpayers
purposively sampled. Markets were stratified in the identification of business. The project
was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS. The taxpayers do not to comply with the
tax laws due to overstatement of tax rates or lack of tax equity and ineffectiveness of the tax
authority. It needs to strengthen itself by educating and training its employees, by
computerizing its operations and devoting additional resources.
In celebration of International Women's Day 2021, the ICTD hosted a webinar on women and taxation in Africa.
This webinar featured distinguished tax researchers and practitioners who shared insights on issues including the role of women in shaping tax policy and administration at the national and international levels, the tax knowledge and compliance of African businesswomen, the impact of informal taxes on women across the continent.
These slides showcase some of their perspectives and experiences, highlighting how biases against women in tax systems can be rectified, as well as how to facilitate greater women’s representation and participation in tax research, administration, and policy debates.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 3
This study sought to examine the effect of tax authority regulation and administration on
voluntary compliance among small-scale businesses in Kakamega Municipality. The
beneficiaries of the study are to be the Kenya revenue authority and relevant tax agencies. It
may serve as input in designing the tax system both at the counties and national government;
may serve as a reference for further studies in this area The research design adopted was a
descriptive survey as the findings were be generalized to a large population and it will
determine the current situation on the ground thereby providing the opportunity to improve it
accordingly. Data was collected using structured questionnaires to 124 sampled taxpayers
purposively sampled. Markets were stratified in the identification of business. The project
was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS. The taxpayers do not to comply with the
tax laws due to overstatement of tax rates or lack of tax equity and ineffectiveness of the tax
authority. It needs to strengthen itself by educating and training its employees, by
computerizing its operations and devoting additional resources.
In celebration of International Women's Day 2021, the ICTD hosted a webinar on women and taxation in Africa.
This webinar featured distinguished tax researchers and practitioners who shared insights on issues including the role of women in shaping tax policy and administration at the national and international levels, the tax knowledge and compliance of African businesswomen, the impact of informal taxes on women across the continent.
These slides showcase some of their perspectives and experiences, highlighting how biases against women in tax systems can be rectified, as well as how to facilitate greater women’s representation and participation in tax research, administration, and policy debates.
The Informal Economy: Is formalization the answer? by Martha ChenKRInstitute
On 7th January 2019, KRI invited Professor Martha Chen to the seventh KRI Brown Bag Seminar to present on the topic ‘The informal economy: Is formalisation the answer?’.
Policy measures to be taken to empower the Demonetization decision by India for effective eradication of Black Money - applicable to emerging as well as developed economies
A Logit Model of Informal Traders’ Decision to Evade Tax: A Case of Zimbabweiosrjce
Taxation is the commonest and oldest source of government revenue in the world. The main reason
for taxation is to finance government expenses and redistribute of wealth. The shadow economy and tax evasion
are both widespread in Zimbabwe. When the taxation system is not effective, many economic agents will use this
opportunity to escape paying tax (which is legal) or evade tax which is illegal. When tax evasion exist, the
government fails to allocate enough income for its programs, hence fails to deliver desirable social services.
Noting the significant influence of tax evasion on the state, this paper pursues to determine factors that cause
tax evasion and their relative impact. A questionnaire approach has been employed to collect responses. Using
a logit model the results shows that income, marital status and frequency of crossing the border have positive
effect on tax evasion
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
The Informal Economy: Is formalization the answer? by Martha ChenKRInstitute
On 7th January 2019, KRI invited Professor Martha Chen to the seventh KRI Brown Bag Seminar to present on the topic ‘The informal economy: Is formalisation the answer?’.
Policy measures to be taken to empower the Demonetization decision by India for effective eradication of Black Money - applicable to emerging as well as developed economies
A Logit Model of Informal Traders’ Decision to Evade Tax: A Case of Zimbabweiosrjce
Taxation is the commonest and oldest source of government revenue in the world. The main reason
for taxation is to finance government expenses and redistribute of wealth. The shadow economy and tax evasion
are both widespread in Zimbabwe. When the taxation system is not effective, many economic agents will use this
opportunity to escape paying tax (which is legal) or evade tax which is illegal. When tax evasion exist, the
government fails to allocate enough income for its programs, hence fails to deliver desirable social services.
Noting the significant influence of tax evasion on the state, this paper pursues to determine factors that cause
tax evasion and their relative impact. A questionnaire approach has been employed to collect responses. Using
a logit model the results shows that income, marital status and frequency of crossing the border have positive
effect on tax evasion
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
2. INFORMALITY.
• DEFINITION
• “The informal sector or Informality, also known as the underground economy,
black economy, shadow economy, or grey economy, is part of a country’s
economy that is not recognized as normal income sources. People who work in
the informal sector do not declare their income and pay no taxes on them. The
term includes illegal activities, such as drug pushing and smuggling. It also
includes cleaning car windshields at traffic lights or doing construction work, i.e.,
legal work.
• This sector includes situations where people must work without receiving any
pay. It also includes sectors in which individuals work and in exchange receive
something other than money.
• Unlike the formal economy, economists do not include the informal sector’s
components in GDP computations. This means that countries are probably richer
than official statistics suggest. GDP stands for gross domestic product.”
3.
4.
5.
6. SITUATION IN MAURITIUS.
• 1. Street vendors
• 2. Urban terminal;
delocalisation of street vendors
• 3. The new problem of informality with foreign labour and human
trafficking .
8. DELOCALISATION OF STREET VENDORS TO THE
URBAN TERMINAL IN THE CAPITAL CITY.
Street vendors will have the opportunity to move from the streets to the
new “urban terminal”, which was built to accommodate people using
the railways. These vendors will have the privilege of selling their
products.
10. REGISTER YOURSELF AND PAY YOUR TAX.
• By registering yourself at the Ministry of labour
• Work carefree without stress and informality
• Without informality you are guaranteed a better future for you and
your children through decent pension and appropriate social welfare
program.
• In Mauritius if ever you make losses in business or lose your job you
can join the “workfare program”.
17. Advantages of being formal
• 5. Financial benefits
• Loan facilities were you are a regulated employee.
• SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) funds .
• GDP of the country will rise.
18.
19. Advantages of being formal
• 6. The whole country will benefit through taxes revenue/
• Mauritius MRA (Mauritius Revenue Authority).
• This will fund many projects in human capital investment.
23. OBSTACLES
• 2. Favouritism/ Corruption/ Nepotism.
• Some benefits may be allocated to those who are closely related to
the employees or higher officers in the Ministry of labour rather than
those vendors who really deserve the facilities.
• But this can be curbed by creating a especial register and enforcing
the policy so that a proper monitoring is done.
24. OBSTACLES.
• 3. Tax evasion.
• This can be tackled by the tax officers making frequent field checks.
• Empowerment and clear explanation about the future of work and
the need to reinvest in human capital for a
• better future.
25. Conclusion.
• Informal sector is on the rise worldwide and many opportunities for
acquiring revenue for a country is lost. Thus this is greatly
jeopardising the future of the economy as jobs are constantly
changing and to keep pace with the latter phenomenon , there is the
need for investing in human capital. So combating informality is a
great initiative to sensitize the whole population about the
importance being formal and paying taxes as well.
