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Education ppt
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- 2. Education • SociologicalPerspectives on Education • Schools as Formal Organizations • Social Policy and Education
- 3. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Functionalist View – Manifest functions include: • Transmission of knowledge • Bestowal of status – Latent functions include: • Transmitting culture • Promoting social and political integration • Maintaining social control • Serving as agent of change
- 4. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Functionalist View – Transmitting Culture • Exposing young people to existing beliefs, norms, and values of their culture – Promoting Social and Political Integration • Common identity and social integration fostered by education contribute to societal stability and consensus
- 5. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Functionalist View – Maintaining Social Control • Schools teach students punctuality, discipline, scheduling, and responsible work habits, and how to negotiate through a bureaucratic organization – Serving as an Agent of Change • Schools serve as meeting ground where people can share distinctive beliefs and traditions
- 6. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Conflict View – Education is an instrument of elite domination – Schools socialize students into values dictated by the powerful
- 7. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Conflict View – The Hidden Curriculum • Standards of behavior deemed proper by society are taught subtly in schools – Credentialism • An increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field
- 8. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Conflict View – Bestowal of Status • Schools tend to preserve social class inequalities in each new generation • Schools can reinforce class differences by putting students in tracks Correspondence Principle: schools promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and perpetuate social class divisions from one generation to the next Tracking: practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on basis of test scores and other criteria
- 9. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Conflict View – Treatment of Women in Education • The U.S educational system long characterized by discriminatory treatment of women
- 10. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Conflict View – Treatment of Women in Education • In 20th century, sexism in education included: – Stereotypes in textbooks – Pressure on women to study traditional women’s subjects – Unequal funding for men’s and women’s athletic programs – Employment bias for administrators and teachers
- 11. Sociological Perspectives on Education • Interactionist View – Labeling and self-fulfilling prophecy suggest if we treat people in particular ways, they may fulfill our expectations. Teacher-Expectation Effect: impact of teacher expectations and their large role on student performance
- 12. Sociological Perspectives on Education Percentage of Adults Ages 25 to 64 Who Have Completed Higher Educations, Selected Countries, 2001 Sources: Bureau of the Census 2004a:851
- 13. Sociological Perspectives on Education Sociological Perspectives on Education
- 14. Schools as FormalOrganizations • Bureaucratization of Schools – Weber noted five characteristics of bureaucracy: • Division of labor • Hierarchy of authority • Written rules and regulations • Impersonality • Employment based on technical qualifications
- 15. Schools as FormalOrganizations • Teachers: Employees and Instructors – Teachers’ academic assignments have become more specialized • Still must control social order – 20% of new teachers quit within 3 years – Fewer students choose teaching as career due to perceived low income
- 16. Schools as FormalOrganizations • Homeschooling – More than 1.6 million children homeschooled • Good alternative for children with ADHD and LD • Lacks universal uniform standards from state to state • Research shows homeschooled children score higher on standardized tests • Some theorist cite lack of social involvement as problem with home schooling
- 17. Social Policy andEducation • No Child Left Behind Program – The Issue • In 2001, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) enacted by Congress • By mid 2005, Utah threatened to opt our • 37 other states demanded major changes
- 18. Social Policy andEducation • No Child Left Behind Program – The Setting • Schools locally run and finances with some federal and state aid • 1990’s establish national educational standards • By mid 2005, Utah threatened to opt our • 37 other states demanded major changes • States insist they require more federal funds
- 19. Social Policy andEducation • No Child Left Behind Program – Sociological Policy • Validity: the degree to which a scale or measure truly reflects the phenomenon under study • Reliability: extent to which a measure provides consistent results • Reliability and validity of tests are major issues in controversy of NCLB
- 20. Social Policy andEducation • No Child Left Behind Program – Policy Initiatives • Educational reformers have yet to find solution that fits all schools in all states • Many educators see NCLB as their best hope