The document discusses the problems caused by water contamination in heat transfer fluid systems, particularly those operating at sub-zero temperatures. It introduces a range of mobile and fixed fluid drying units that can reduce water content in heat transfer fluids down to 10 parts per million while the systems are in continuous operation. The drying units work by stripping water from the fluid using nitrogen or through distillation processes. Examples are given of drying cycles that have reduced water levels in large systems significantly.
The document discusses various sports that are included in the Olympics and provides information about track and field events like running, hurdles, high jump, pole vault, discus throw, javelin throw, hammer throw, and shot put. It also mentions other sports like football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, gymnastics, swimming, diving, water polo, sailing, and taekwondo. It includes some exercises testing memory and filling in gaps about different events.
This document discusses the development of a point-of-care device to monitor fibrinogen levels in trauma patients to diagnose Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC). The previous design used turbidity and solenoid displacement measurements but had limitations. The new approach uses porosity measurement by determining pore size based on fluid permeation through clots, and stiffness measurement using a cantilever design to approximate tensile modulus. Porosity tests on pure fibrinogen and blood showed concentration-dependent results but whole blood could not maintain structure. The cantilever design can currently take flat surface measurements and future work includes testing on blood clots and assessing the correlation between measurements and fibrinogen concentration.
Bharat Lagad is an Android developer with 1.8 years of experience developing mobile applications for clients in India and the UK. He has skills in Java, Android SDK/NDK, REST APIs, and core Java technologies. Some of his project experience includes developing applications for online t-shirt design, facility management, appointment management, and displaying information about temples in India. He has a Master's degree in MCA and is looking for a new role in software development that allows him to continue learning and growing his skills.
Planning the most precious memory of your life?
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The magazine will be called "speaker" and focus on hip hop music. It will feature interviews with major artists through images and text. The target audience is 15-20 year olds who are interested in music. The cover will have a large central image of the featured artist surrounded by the magazine title and descriptions of articles. The interior pages will follow a similar color scheme of yellow, purple, and black. The contents page will list articles on the right side beneath a large header. Feature interviews will take a double page spread with one page for a large artist image and the other mostly containing the text of the interview. Photographs throughout will depict artists in casual, everyday clothing to appear relatable to readers.
The document discusses various sports that are included in the Olympics and provides information about track and field events like running, hurdles, high jump, pole vault, discus throw, javelin throw, hammer throw, and shot put. It also mentions other sports like football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, gymnastics, swimming, diving, water polo, sailing, and taekwondo. It includes some exercises testing memory and filling in gaps about different events.
This document discusses the development of a point-of-care device to monitor fibrinogen levels in trauma patients to diagnose Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC). The previous design used turbidity and solenoid displacement measurements but had limitations. The new approach uses porosity measurement by determining pore size based on fluid permeation through clots, and stiffness measurement using a cantilever design to approximate tensile modulus. Porosity tests on pure fibrinogen and blood showed concentration-dependent results but whole blood could not maintain structure. The cantilever design can currently take flat surface measurements and future work includes testing on blood clots and assessing the correlation between measurements and fibrinogen concentration.
Bharat Lagad is an Android developer with 1.8 years of experience developing mobile applications for clients in India and the UK. He has skills in Java, Android SDK/NDK, REST APIs, and core Java technologies. Some of his project experience includes developing applications for online t-shirt design, facility management, appointment management, and displaying information about temples in India. He has a Master's degree in MCA and is looking for a new role in software development that allows him to continue learning and growing his skills.
Planning the most precious memory of your life?
We bring Evernote for your rescue. Make text notes, audio notes, clip pictures of dresses, themes and whatever you can think of :D
The magazine will be called "speaker" and focus on hip hop music. It will feature interviews with major artists through images and text. The target audience is 15-20 year olds who are interested in music. The cover will have a large central image of the featured artist surrounded by the magazine title and descriptions of articles. The interior pages will follow a similar color scheme of yellow, purple, and black. The contents page will list articles on the right side beneath a large header. Feature interviews will take a double page spread with one page for a large artist image and the other mostly containing the text of the interview. Photographs throughout will depict artists in casual, everyday clothing to appear relatable to readers.
Este documento describe las funciones y responsabilidades de varios ministerios de una iglesia, incluyendo la evangelización, educación, y vida cristiana. El ministerio de evangelización se encargará de la proclamación del evangelio, testimonio cristiano, y misiones. El ministerio de educación promoverá la educación eclesiástica, derechos humanos, y participación ciudadana. Finalmente, el ministerio de vida cristiana cultivará la liturgia, vida devocional, y crecimiento espiritual de los miembros de la igles
Polygyny and family planning programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: representation...Ernestina Coast
Corker, J. & E. Coast (2011) "Polygyny and family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa: representation and reality" To be presented at 2011 International Conference in Family Planning, Nov 29th - Dec 2nd, Dakar, Senegal
The document describes the design choices made for the front page of a school newsletter. Key elements included using orange, black and white for the color scheme to stand out but look professional. A masthead with an orange and white fade was used at an angle along with matching fonts to create visual cohesion. Images were included of a student waiting in the cold relating to the main article topic, and a preview of a new building to intrigue readers. Important dates for the month were listed in a box matching the masthead's format to draw attention.
Yhoremi Maythe Martínez Ramos nació en Chalchicomula de sesma, México en 1996. Asistió a varias escuelas primarias y secundarias donde conoció maestros y amigos. Ahora estudia en el Centro de Estudios Bachillerato y le gusta esta escuela.
Este documento describe las funciones y responsabilidades de varios ministerios de una iglesia, incluyendo la evangelización, educación, y vida cristiana. El ministerio de evangelización se encargará de la proclamación del evangelio, testimonio cristiano, y misiones. El ministerio de educación promoverá la educación eclesiástica, derechos humanos, y participación ciudadana. Finalmente, el ministerio de vida cristiana cultivará la liturgia, vida devocional, y crecimiento espiritual de los miembros de la igles
Polygyny and family planning programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: representation...Ernestina Coast
Corker, J. & E. Coast (2011) "Polygyny and family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa: representation and reality" To be presented at 2011 International Conference in Family Planning, Nov 29th - Dec 2nd, Dakar, Senegal
The document describes the design choices made for the front page of a school newsletter. Key elements included using orange, black and white for the color scheme to stand out but look professional. A masthead with an orange and white fade was used at an angle along with matching fonts to create visual cohesion. Images were included of a student waiting in the cold relating to the main article topic, and a preview of a new building to intrigue readers. Important dates for the month were listed in a box matching the masthead's format to draw attention.
Yhoremi Maythe Martínez Ramos nació en Chalchicomula de sesma, México en 1996. Asistió a varias escuelas primarias y secundarias donde conoció maestros y amigos. Ahora estudia en el Centro de Estudios Bachillerato y le gusta esta escuela.
1. TECHNICAL ISSUE 2
Is the water in your Sub Zero
Heat Transfer Fluid System costing
you Money?
Water causes extensive plant reliability problems and is a
major cause of plant failure and production loss. Synthetic
fluids are used as a heat transfer medium at temperatures
down to –100°C and up to 400°C and water causes
problems through the whole range. Sub zero systems are
particularly susceptible to problems.
In order to reduce system water content, we have
designed a range of mobile and fixed drying units
based on ‘nitrogen stripping’ and ‘distillation’ principles.
The units can dry fluid down to below 10 parts per
million while in continuous production at Sub Zero
Mobile drying unit
temperature or in stand alone batch processing.
The range of heat transfer fluid
dryers are ideally suited for the Recent example Recent example
following situations: System Content: 175 000 litres of Dowtherm J Water removed: 148.75 Litres
Drying cycle: 24 days (16hours per day) Water content: 407 ppm dried to 27.38 ppm.
At Commissioning:
To dry the system following system Water removal from 407ppm to 27.38 = 66.43 Litres
installation or modification. PPM Overall system water removal
Inlet to rig ppm estimated at 148.75 litres
Start ppm Finish ppm Diff ppm
During plant operation: 500 Outlet from rig ppm 407.00
285.00
148.30
148.80
258.70
136.20
149.00 82.50 66.50
To trim water levels without stopping Rig operated 16 hrs per day 120.10 55.40 64.70
Rig off
Rig off
99.00 85.00 14.00
63.25 50.33 12.92
production. 400 * System content 175000
56.50
55.85
25.90
50.20
30.60
5.65
Litres 36.17 26.40 9.77
31.16 16.46 14.70
In emergency: 27.38 23.31 4.07
Following accidental water ingress 300
or heat exchanger failure.
Variations were caused by chiller cycling
* and opening of sub loops
*
Stock fluids: 200
Stand alone batch drying of ‘wet’ fluids. *
* * * *
* * *
Permanent Installation: 100
*
* *
Dedicated to one or more process plants. * *
*
* *
* *
* * *
*
*
*
*
* * * *
* * * *
Mobile Units: * *
*
*
* *
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
For operation on several plants as well Days
as standby for emergencies.
2. The Problem How does water get in? Services:
Saturated nitrogen used for blanketing. We
New Systems:
The water saturation point of heat transfer have experienced systems where 30% water
New systems, extensions and alterations not
fluids varies with the fluid type and the was found after a heat exchanger failure,
being sufficiently dried at commissioning.
operational temperature. with a complete plant closure. Similarly we
New Fluid: have seen systems where around 20ppm is
Free water, above the saturation point, will
Fluid suppliers do not necessarily guarantee causing maintenance headaches, particularly
circulate as ice particles which will deposit
a low moisture content on barrelled fluid. We where Plate Heat Exchangers are used.
themselves on heat exchanger surfaces, in
have tested new fluids at 60—80ppm:- not
chiller heat exchangers and in expansion tanks.
much help if you are running at –30°C!!
It should be noted that the surface temperature
on heat exchangers will be far lower Poor Housekeeping: What can be done?
than the circulating fluid and that the External filling points unprotected from the
weather. Barrels stood upright and not properly Our units, available for hire or purchase,
refrigerant temperature should be taken into
dried before use. Barrels that are partially full are connected to the system as a side stream,
consideration. Allow at least 10°C lower than
being stored upright wit loose caps. The use of taking a proportion of the flow through a heat
the fluid requirement.
non dedicated filling pumps and hoses. exchanger to a temperature below the boiling
As systems are closed loop, eliminating water is point of the HTfluid and above 100°C.
not easy. Cycling chillers and allowing individual Plant Failure:
reactors jackets to warm to release water still Water heat exchangers, reactor jackets The fluid is passed through a ‘flash chamber’,
leaves the problem of removal or the water will failing:- the nightmare scenario. over a series of micromeshes, cooled and
simply deposit itself elsewhere in the system. returned to the system. Nitrogen is passed
through the ‘flash chamber’ to pick up
the released vapours and passed through
a condenser.
PPM Reduction in water content in a 20,000 litre system of Dowtherm Syltherm 800
The condensate can be collected for
Starting content 2520 ppm Finishing content 36 ppm
2500*
safe disposal or further reconditioning.
System content 20,000 Litres Rig operated 24hrs per day
2000 Inlet to rig ppm
Outlet from rig ppm Recent example Mobile drying unit on its way to a customer.
System Content: 20 000 Litres of This is ATEX Zone 1 compliant.
1500
Syltherm 800
Drying cycle: 42 hours
1000
* Water removed: 68 litres ject in detail without any obligation.
Water content: 2 520 ppm
* dried to 36 ppm.
500 *
*
*
*
* * * * *
* * * *
0 * * * * * *
* *
*
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Hours
PPM
Recent example
30000
System Content: 2 500 litres Water / Condensate removal to waste
Batch Drying system
28000 Syltherm 800
2500 litres reduced from 27,700 ppm tp 36.83ppm in 9 hours.
26000 Drying cycle: 9 hours
24000 Water removed: 69.16 Litres
22000
Water content: 27 700 ppm
20000
dried to 36.83 ppm.
18000
Batch Drying system
16000
2500 litres reduced from 27,700 ppm tp 36.83ppm in 9 hours.
14000
12000
10000
8000 Heat Transfer Systems Limited
6000 Ridge Hall, Chapel-en-le-Frith, High Peak
4000 Derbyshire SK23 9UD
2000
telephone 01298 815862
0
fax 01298 815863
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
e-mail office@heattransfersystems.co.uk
HOURS
website www.heattransfersystems.co.uk