Assessing the Perceived Quality towards Health Services: An Empirical Investigation on Public Hospitals Affiliated to the Syrian Ministry of Health in Damascus
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Assessing the Perceived Quality towards Health Services: An Empirical Investigation on Public Hospitals Affiliated to the Syrian Ministry of Health in Damascus
- 1. Zarqa Journal for Research and Studies in Humanities Volume 13, No 1, 2013 31 Assessing thePerceived Quality towards Health Services: An Empirical Investigation on Public Hospitals Affiliated to the Syrian Ministry of Health in Damascus Dr. Ali Bassam Mahmoud Higher Institute of Business Administration (HIBA), Damascus, Syria AbstractThe assessment of health service quality is considered one of the key indicators used by decision makers in the process of enhancing the quality of the health services provided in hospitals. This study aims at investigating the dimensionality of the perceived quality of health services in respect to patients’ perspectives being treated at public hospitals in Damascus as suggested by Haddad et al. (1998b). The present study aims also at assessing patients’ perception towards the quality of health services provided at the public hospitals affiliated to the Syrian ministry of health in Damascus. A survey has been conducted using the tool of questionnaire. Consequently, (677) valid responses were extracted. Using the technique of “Confirmatory Factor Analysis” as one procedure of “Structural Equation Modeling”, the results come to confirming the good fitting of Haddad et al. (1998b) model for the dimensionality of “Perceived Quality towards Health Service”. That is, “Perceived Quality towards Health Service” is a multi- dimensional three-factor variable (i.e. Health Care, Health Personnel, and Health Facilities). One-sample T-test was used to assess the perceived quality. The results have indicated that patients perceive positively the three dimensions of health service quality. This positive perception towards the quality of health services provide by public hospitals rhymes with the efforts of Syrian ministry of health regarding its program for reforming the health sector. Keywords:Health Marketing, Quality, Health Service Perceived Quality. Received July 6, 2011; Accepted August 16, 2012
- 7. 1998bŜƔţ ƉŏŰƅŔřƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔũƔżśƈƏžŧŕŸŗƗŔŧŧŸśƈũƔżśƈƏƍřƔţƕŔŧŕŸŗƗŔƑƅŏřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔƇŬƂƊśśřƔřƔŕŷũƅŔŘŧƏŠ řƔţŰƅŔƏƓŗųƅŔũŧŕƄƅŔŘŧƏŠƏřƔţŰƅŔƀžŔũƈƅŔŘŧƏŠĆŬŔŕƈƄŁśŇŦĊŧŘŧƏŠƅŔƇƔƏƂśƅŘŧţŔƏƅŔřƊƔŸƆƅŚƊŧƏśŬũŕŗśŦŔƇřƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔ ƑƅŏşœŕśƊƅŔŚũŕŮŌŜƔţžƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏƉƈřƔţŰƅŔƉŌƑŲũƈƅŔƉƏƄũŧƔ¿ƄŮŗƓŗŕŠƔŏŘŧƏŠřƈŧŦƅŔřƔţŰƅŔžřŝƜŝƅŔŕƍŧŕŸŗōŗŔŨƍƏ ƓţŰƅŔŵŕųƂƅŔũƔƏųśƅŕƎŠƈŕƊũŗƓžřƔũƏŬƅŔřţŰƅŔŘũŔŪƏŧƏƎŠŶƈƇŠŬƊƔ ƃŒŘœƆƄƂƃŒŗƒšœřŽƆƓţŰƅŔƀƔƏŬśƅŔžřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔžŘŧƏŠƅŔ ťƔũŕśŔŜţŗƅŔƇƜśŬžŜţŗƅŔ¿ƏŗƁťƔũŕśƏ ŗººƆťƀƆƃŒ ƉƈƇŻũƅŔƑƆŷƓžƇŕƈśƍƛŔʼnŧŗŚƆśƓśƅŔřƔƊƈŪƅŔŘũśſƅŔ¿Əų ŜţŗƅŔƉŌƛŏžųŬŗƈƅŔƏƇŕŸƅŔŕƎƈƏƎſƈŗŘŧƏŠƅŔƓžŜţŗƅŔƏřŗŕśƄƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ¿ŕŠƈ ƓžžřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ Ɠž ĻŔŧƔŧţśƏž ƛƔ¿ŔŪ ĻŕŷƏŲƏƈĻŕŝƔŧţž Ƈŕŷ Ƒśţ ƌţƈƜƈ ũƎŴś ƇƅƏ
- 10. Jenkinson et al., 2002ũƏũƈƅŔũƏŧƉŷƃƔƍŕƊžŗřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔřŗũŠś ƜŸƅŕŗƇŔŪśƅƛŔŜƔţƉƈƑŲũƈƅŔƃƏƆŬƓž¿ƈŕŸśƅŕŗũŔũƈśŬƛŔƏžŞ řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŧƏŪƈ ŶƈƌŬſƊŚŕŠũŦƈƅŔƏ žřƔţŰƅŔ řƅŕţƅŔƏ ž řƔŗųƅŔ
- 11. Sofaer Firminger, 2005; Wilde-Larsson Bergstrom, 2005 Ɠž řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ƇƔƏƂśƅ ƓƊŸžŧ ŕƈ Ɖŏ ƏƍƀŮƈŧřƊƔŧƈƓžřţŰƅŔŘũŔŪƏƅřŸŗŕśƅŔřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔŖŕŗŬƗŔ ƕŔśřƔ ¿Ƅ¿ŔƏƈƗŔƉƈŘŧƔŔŪśƈƏŘũƔŗƄźƅŕŗƈřƔũƏŬƅŔřƈƏƄţƅŔũƈŝśŬś ƓţŰƅŔŵŕųƂƅŔƓžƇŕŷžƇŕŷƓſž
- 12. ŘũŔŪƏřŰţŚżƆŗ řŗŬƊ řƈŕŸƅŔ řƊŪŔƏƈƅŔ Ɖƈ řţŰƅŔ
- 13. ƈƅŔŎŚŔũŮ žřƔţŰƅŔŘŧŷ¿ŔƏƈƗŔƋŨƍƉƈřƈƏƄţƅŔŽŧƎśŜƔţž ũƏƈŌŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ũƔƏųś ŕƍŧţŌƓž řƈŧƂƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅ řƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔ ŧƔŧţś Ɠž ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃũŔŧŏ řƔƈƍŌƇƄţƅŔƑƆŷ řƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔƓžřƈŧƂƈƅŔřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠ ƓžřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔŚƅƏŕƊśƓśƅŔŜƏţŗƅŔŘũŧƊ řƔũƏŬ
- 14. ŘŧƏŠƅŔƇƔƏƂśřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏƉƈřƔƊŔŧƔƈřŬŔũŧƓžƅŔřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈřţŰƅŔŘũŔŪƏƅřŸŗŕśƅŔƀŮƈŧřƊƔŧƈƓž 33 ŗƀŕœŪƃŒŘœŪŒŧťƃŒ ūŃũąŧƅŔ Ɠž řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŵƏŲƏƈũƔŝƄƓž ŜŕţŗƗŔ Ɖƈ řƈũŰƊƈƅŔřŝƜŝƅŔŧƏƂŸƅŔ
- 15. Parasuramn et al., 1985; 1988; 1991, 1993, 1994a; 1994b; Zeithaml et al., 1985; 1990; 1993; 1996; Thomas Penchansky, 1984; Dutton et al., 1985; Lim Tang, 2000; Srenivas Prasad, 2003; Bos et al., 2005; Kilincer Zileli, 2006; Jawahar, 2007; Elleuch, 2008; Naidu, 2009; Gill White, 2009Əž
- 16. žƓƆŷƏƇƏũŮŦƅŔŸƏžƉŕųƆŬ ŸƏ žƓŗŷŪƅŔŸƏ žƓƄũƄƅŔŸƏ žŞŔũſƅŔŸ ƏũƏŮŕŷžřƅŧŕŗŸƅŔƏŨƏžŕƎƈƔƏƂśƏŕƎſƔũŸśƅřƅƏŕţƈƓžƃƅ ƅŔ řƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŽƔũŸś ƉƄƈƔƏ ŕƎƊōŗ řƔţŰƇƔƏƂśƅŔ űƔũƈƅŔ ŽƁƏƈ ƏŌ űƔũƈƆƅ ¿ƈŕŮƅŔĉƔƈśƅŔ ƏŌ ƇŕŸƅŔ ƀƏſśƅŔ ¿ŕƔţŪ řƈŧƂƈƅŔřƈŧŦƆƅ
- 17. Parasuramn et al., 1988 ŕƈŌNakijima
- 18. ũŕŮŌ ŧƂžŏřƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉŌ Ƒƅ ƓƍřƔţŰƅŔƉŷŘũŕŗŷƀƂţƔŖƏƆŬōŗřƔŗųƅŔŚŕƔƊƂśƅŔƏƇƏƆŸƅŔƀƔŗųś řƈŕŸƅŔ řţŰƆƅ ŘŧŕſśŬŔ ƑŰƁŌũųŕŦƈƆƅ űũŸśƅŔ ŘŧŕƔŪ ƉƏŧ
- 19. Nakijima, 1997, 33 ŢŲƏŌƏKotler Armstrong
- 20. řƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƉōŗ Ɠƍ řƔţŰƅŔřƈŴƊƈƅŔ ŕƎƈŧŦśŬś ƓśƅŔ ƀœŔũųƅŔ ¿ŕƄŮŌ Ɖƈ ¿ƄŮ řƔţŰƅŔžśƅƗŔřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŴƊƈƅŔƉŷŕƎŬſƊŪƔƈŕƎƅřƎŗŕŮƈƅŔƐũŦ ųŕŮƊƅŔƓžžřƔţŰƅŔřƈŴƊƈƅŔƉŷŘũƏŰƉƔƏƄśƀƔũųƉŷžŧŧţśś ŚŕƔƏśŬƈƅŔŶƔƈŠƑƆŷřƈŴƊƈƅŔřƔŰŦŮŕƎƅƜŦƉƈ
- 21. Kotler Armstrong, 1994, 640 ŧƄŌ ŧƁƏ ƏƔƍ
- 22. ŖƏƆŬŌ Ɠƍ řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉŌ ũŔũƈśŬŕŗŕƎƊƔŬţśƏřƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƇƔŧƂśŚŕƔƆƈŷřŬŔũŧƅž ¿ŕƈŷŌŪŕŠƊŔŕƎƊōŗŽŕŲŌƏžƇƍũƔŻƏƑŲũƈƅŔŚŕŠŕƔśţŔƓŗƆƔŕƈŗ ƉƈƏŬũƄ řƔƅŕŷ ŚŔũŕƎƈ ƒƏŨ ƉƔƆƈŕŷ ŧŔũžŌŔƇƎśŔũŕƎƈƏ ƇƎŬſƊŌ ƇƍŕŲũƈƅřƔƅŕŷŘŧƏŠŚŔŨřƈŧŦƇƔŧƂśƅ
- 24. ƇƔŧƂśƓƊŸśřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƉōŗ ĻŕƊŕƈŌ ũŝƄŌ řƔţŰ ŚŕƈŧŦžĻƛŕƊƈ ¿ƎŬŌƏžŕƎƔƈŧƂƈƅ ĻŕŷŕƊƁŏ ũŝƄŌƏž ʼnŕŲũŌ ũŝƄŌƏŕƎƊƈ ƉƔŧƔſśŬƈƆƅžţŗŜƔŘũŴƊ ŶƈśŠƈƅŔ Ɠž ŧƅƏśś řƔŗŕŠƔŏŏřƈŧƂƈƅŔřƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔƑƅ
- 25. žƓƅŕŬŸƅŔž ƏŌŧƄ
- 26. ƉŕƔŧƔŗŕƊƏŧƇƏƆŸƅŔƀƔŗųśƓƍřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƉŌ řƔŗųƅŔŚŕƔƊƂśƅŔƏžŘŧŕƔŪƉƏŧžřƈŕŸƅŔřţŰƆƅŘŧŕſśŬŔƑŰƁŌƀƔƂţśƅ ƗŔ ŔŨƍ ƑƆŷƏ žũųŕŦƈƆƅ űũŸśƅŔŧŧţś ŘŧƏŠƅŔ řŠũŧ ƉŐž ūŕŬ žōŗŔƏƈ¿ŲŧœŔƏſƅŔƏũųŕŦƈƅŔƉƔŗřƊŪ
- 27. ŽƏũŬŦžž şśƊśŬƊƀŗŬŕƈƈŌƇƔƏƂśƉƛŏƏƍŕƈřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔŔūŕƄŸƊ ƙřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔƇƔŧƂśƓžƑſŮƈƅŔʼnŔŧƗűƔũƈƅŔƃŔũŧŘŔŧŌƓƍƏž řƈƎƈŧƔŧţśƅƇŧŦśŬś¿ƄŕŮƈƅŔƓśƅŔűũśŸśƇƔŧƂśŚŕƈŧŦƅŔžřƔţŰƅŔ řžŕŲƙŕŗƑƅŏŢƔŲƏśŚŔƏŠſƅŔƓśƅŔƔƊŕŸśŕƎŘŧƏŠŚŕƈŧŦƅŔřƔţŰƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƇƔƏƂśƅ řƔŧƔƆƂśƅŔ řƂƔũųƅŔ ŚƊŕƄ ĻřƔŔŧŗƏ ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ Ɖƈ ƀƆųƊśƒŧƏŪƈřƔţŰƅŔ řƔŕŷũƅŔƑƅŏ řžŕŲƙŕŗ ž ŜƔţ žřƈƏƄţƅŔũƄŨś ŚƊŕƄƉƈ Řũśž ũŗŷ řƔœŕŰţƙŔ ŚŔũŮŎƈƅŔ ƉƈŪƅŔžƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏũŕŗśŷƙŔƉƔŸŗŨŦƗŔƉƏŧŕƈƔžƉƄƅ ŧŸŗƇŕƊśƈƏƇŕƍũƏŧřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƅƑŲũƈƅŔƃŔũŧƙŢŗŰŌ řƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƇƔƏƂśƓžžŶƈŚŕƈƔƏƂśƅŔƋŨƍŚſƆśŦŔƏƅƑśţ ƐũŦŌ ũŴƊ ŚŕƎŠƏ Ɖƈ ŚŕƈƔƏƂśƅŔžřƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŧƏŪƈƄ
- 29. Palmer, 1991; Donabedian, 1992; Fitzpatrick, 1991; Reerink Sauerborn, 1996; Andaleeb, 2000žĉŧŸƔƏűƔũƈƅŔƑŲũ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŚŔũŮŎƈ ƇƍŌ Ɖƈ
- 30. Naidu, 2009; Gill White, 2008 ƒŨƅŔƏƌœƛƏ Ɠž ũŝŎƔ ƋũƏŧŗ ƑſŮƈƅŔ¿ŕƔţřƔƆŗƂśŬƈƅŔŚŕƔƄƏƆŬƆƅƋŕƔŔƏƊƏ
- 31. Naidu, 2009; Choi et al., 2004ƏžƇŝƉƈŘũŔŧŏƇŕƈśƍŔųţƈűƔũƈƅŔƑŲũŢŗŰƔ ƑſŮƈƅŔžŕƈƔŬƛŧƏŠƏ ¿Ŵ Ɠž ƀƏŬƆƅ řƔŕŷũƅŔřƔţŰƇŬśƔ ŘŧƔŧŮƅŔřƔŬžŕƊśƅŕŗ
- 32. Jawahar, 2007 ŕƈƄśƉƈřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŚŕƈƔƏƂśƇŧŦśŬƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏ ʼnŔũŠƙƓƁŕŗ ũŕŗśŷƛŔ ƉƔŸŗ ŨŦōś ƓśƅŔ řƆƈŕŮƅŔ ƇƔƏƂśƅŔ řƔƆƈŷ ŽŔũųƗŔžřƈƏƄţƅŔƏʼnŕŗųƗŕƄžƑƅŏ¿ƏŰƏƅŔŽŧƎŗƃƅŨƏƉŪŔƏśƅŔ ¿ŝƈƗŔŕƎƔƈŧŦśŬƈŚŕŸƁƏśƏřƈŧƂƈƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔƉƔŗ
- 33. Haddad et al., 1998b ŧƁ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ ƉƈřƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ƇƔƏƂś ¿ŕƈƍŏ Ɖŏ ŧŎƔŜƔţžŘŧƏŠƆƅřƔƈƔƏƂśƅŔřƔƆƈŸƅŔƀŧŰƏřƔƁƏŝƏƈűŕſŦƊŔƑƅŏƒ žŧŠƊƐũŦƗŔ řƔƈƔƏƂśƅŔ ƀũųƅŔ Ŷƈ řƊũŕƂƈƅŕŗƏžŨŦƗŕŗ ƇƔƏƂśƅŔ ƉŌ ƕŔŕƔŔŪƈƅŔƇŧƂƔƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏũŕŗśŷƛŔƉƔŸŗśřƔ
- 34. Haddad et al., 2000 ŘũŮŕŗƈƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈřƄũŧƈƅŔřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠūŕƔƁƉƄƈƔ ƇƔŧƂśŧŸŗřƔţŰƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔ řƂƔũųƅŔƋŨƍřſƆƄƈũƔŻ ƓžŘŧƏŠƏƈƅŔŚŕƊŕƔŗƅŔƑƆŷŕƎœŔũŠŏƓžřƂƔũųƅŔƋŨƍŧƈśŸśƛ řƔŗųƅŔŚƜŠŬƅŔ řƂƔũųƅŔ ƋŨƍřƔŕŷũƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ Ɠž ŚŕžƜśŦƜƅ řƔŬŕŬţ ũŝƄŌ ¿ŧŸƈƅŔ ŚŕƔžƏƅŔ ¿ŧŸƈƄ ŚŔũŮŎƈƅŔ űŸŗ Ɖƈ řƔţŰƅŔ
- 35. Adjusted Mortality RateŚŕſŷŕŲƈƅŔ ¿ŧŸƈ ƏŌ ž
- 37. řƔƊŕŬƊƙŔŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔƏŜƏţŗƆƅʼnŕƁũŪƅŔřƆŠƈôũŮŷŜƅŕŝƅŔŧƆŠƈƅŔô¿ƏƗŔŧŧŸƅŔϮϬϭϯ 34 ąƔŸĉŧƇƎƊƈ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƆƅ ƇƍƗŔ ŧŧţƈƅŔ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃŔũŧŏ
- 38. Babkus Mangold, 1992śŜƔţžũŝŎřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔƑƆŷ¿ƏŰţƆƅƑſŮƈƅŔŘũŕƔŪ¿ŕƔţřƔƆŗƂśŬƈƅŔŕƔŔƏƊƅŔƓž řƔţŰƅŔ
- 39. Bolton Drew, 1988; Zeithaml, 1988 ąƔŸĉŧŗƊ੠řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃŔũŧŏĻŕĉƈƎƈĻŕƓž ƋũƏŧŖŗŬŗƃƅŨƏžřƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŪƄŔũƈŘŧƏŠƇƔƏƂśřƔƆƈŷ řƔŕŷũƅŔ ŪƄŔũƈ řƔŧŕƈśŷŔƏ žʼnŔŧƘƅ řƔƊƎƈƅŔ ũƔƔŕŸƈƅŔ řŸŗŕśƈ Ɠž řƔţŰƅŔ ƃŒŗƄƂŬƆŗŪŒŧť ŕƎƊŕƈŲƏŘŧƏŠƅŔƇƔƏƂśƇƏƎſƈƓƂŗŖƔũƁŚƁƏƑśţƋũƄśţśĻŕžũś řƈŧƂśƈƅŔ¿ƏŧƅŔĻŔũƄţŘŧƏŠƅŔƇƏƎſƈŧŸƔƇƆžĻƜƔƏųƇŧƔƇƅŔŨƍƉƄƅ řƔƊżƅŔ ¿ƏŧƅŔ ƑƆŷ
- 40. Thomason Edwards, 1991 ŜƔţ ƉƈřŲſŦƊƈŚŕƔƏśŬƈřƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŘŧƏŠũƔƏųśƑƊŕŷƇŕƈśƍŔ řƔƈŕƊƅŔ ¿ƏŧƅŔ
- 41. řƔũƏŬ ŕƎƊƈƏ ŖƔũƁ ŧƎŷ Ƒśţ
- 42. Reerink Sauerborn, 1996; Smits et al., 2002ƏƇŝƉƈŨŦƗŔƉŐž Ɖƈ ŕƊƊƄƈƔ řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƇƔƏƂś řƔƆƈŷ Ɠž ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƒŌũŗ ƋŨƍŚŧŠƏƓśƅŔūŕƊƅŔŚŕŠŕţƅĻřŗ੶ŬŔũŝƄŌŚŕƈŧŦƅŔƋŨƍ¿ŸŠ ƇƎƆŠŌƉƈŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ
- 43. Rao et al., 2006ŦžĻŕŰƏŰƓžůƂƊƅŔŶƈ řƔƊŧśƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŖŗŬŗ řƔƈŕƊƅŔ ¿ƏŧƅŔ Ɠž řƈŕŸƅŔ ƓžŕŮƈƅŔ řƔƈƍŌ řƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅŕƎƈŧƂśƓśƅŔ
- 44. Bhandari, 2006 Ɠž ŜţŗƅŔ ŔŨƍ řƆƄŮƈ ¿ŝƈśś ūŕƔƁřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ řƈŧƂƈƅŔŕƎƈƔƏƂśƏƓžřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔƓžƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏƉƈ ŶƁŔƏ ƑƆŷ ŽƏƁƏƆƅ ƃƅŨƏ žƀŮƈŧ řƊƔŧƈřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƐũŦŌŘũŕŗŸŗƏŌžƓžŕŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžřƈŧƂƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔŧŕŸŗŌŕƈřƄũŧƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ ƏřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƑŲũƈƅŔƃũŧƔ¿ƍƓžřƔţŰƅŔ ŌřƔŗŕŠƔŏŕƎƊŌƑƆŷƀŮƈŧřƊƔŧƈƓžřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔƏ řƔŗƆŬ ƃŒŘœƒŰŧżŗŪŒŧť ƏƃƍƕŒŗƒŰŧŽƃŒ »ƅĻŕƂžƏHaddad et al.
- 46. ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠŶƁŔƏ ŚƅƏŕƊśřŬŔũŧ Ɠž ƓžřƈŧƂƈƅŔřƔţŰƅŔƅŔƓžŕŮƈřŸŗŕśƅŔřƔƈƏƄţƅŔƅƓƅŕŸƅŔƇƔƆŸśƅŔŘũŔŪƏ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ŔƏƄũŧŌ ƑŲũƈƅŔ řƔŗƅ௠ƉŌ řƔũƏŬŗž ƌƔƆŷƏřƔŲũſƅŔƉŐžřƔƊŕŝƅŔƓśōƔŕƈƄŧĉŧţśŜţŗƆƅ ƃũŧŁś řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉŏƉƈ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ ĻŕƔƏƊŸƈ ƑŲũƈƅŔƏŬƉƈ ŵũſśƔřƔŲũſƅŔ ƋŨƍ ŚŕƔŲũžřƔŷũžžĻŕƂžƏ Ɖƈ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŕƎƔƅŏ ƇŬƂƊśŬ ƓśƅŔ ŧŕŸŗƘƅ řŠƔśƊ¿ƜŦũŕŗśŦŔƑƅƏƗŔřƔŲũſƅŔ Ɖƈ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ ĻŕƔƏƊŸƈ ƃũŧŁś řƔţŰƅŔ řƔŕŷũƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ Ɖŏ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃũŧŁś ƓŗųƅŔ ƇƁŕųƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉŏƉƈ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ ĻŕƔƏƊŸƈ ƑŲũƈƅŔ Ɖƈ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ ĻŕƔƏƊŸƈ ƃũŧŁś řƔţŰƅŔ ƀžŔũƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ Ɖŏ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃŒŻťƋŗŪŒŧť ŜţŗƅŔ ŽŧƎƔřƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŕƎƔƅŏ ƇŬƂƊś ƓśƅŔ ŧŕŸŗƗŔ ŧƔŧţś ŕƎŬŕƔƁ ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ Ɖƈ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ ƒŧƔƄƏśƅŔƓƆƈŕŸƅŔ¿ƔƆţśƆƅŕƎŷŕŲŦŏƏ
- 47. Confirmatory Factor AnalysisžƇŝ ƉƈƏřƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƑƆŷ ʼnƏŲƅŔ ųƔƆŬś ƀŮƈŧřƊƔŧƈƓžřţŰƅŔŘũŔŪƏƅřŸŗŕśƅŔřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔƓžřƈŧƂƈƅŔž ƋŨƍ Ɠž řƈŧƂƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƇƔƏƂś ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ ƃƅŨƏ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ Ɖƈ ƓžŕŮƈƅŔžƏŌ ŕƎśƔŗŕŠƔŏ Ɛŧƈ ŧƔŧţśƏ ŕƎśƔŗƆŬžƏĻŔũƔŦŌŧŷŕŬśŚŕƔŰƏśƏşœŕśƊŶŲƏƉƔƔũƏŬƅŔƉƔŝţŕŗƅŔ ĻŕŰƏŰŦ ĻŕƈƏƈŷ ŖũŸƅŔƏƓžřżƆƅŕŗ ƉƊƂƈ ūŕƔƂƈ ƑƆŷ ¿ƏŰţƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƆƅřƔŗũŸƅŔŘũƏŰƇƔŧƂśƑƅŏĻřžŕŲŏ ƗŖŕţŰƓžŕŮƈƅŔ Ɠž ũŔũƂƅŔƓž řţŰƅŔ ŘũŔŪƏƅ řŸŗŕśƅŔ řƈŕŸƅŔ řƔũƏŬžŗűũżřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠƉƔŬţśŕƎƔžřƈŧƂƈƅŔ ŗŪŒŧťƃŒŗƒƆƋŊ ŵƏŲƏƈƉŌřƂŗŕŬƅŔŚŕƔŗŧƘƅƌśŸŠŔũƈ¿ƜŦƉƈŜţŕŗƅŔŧŠƏ řƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔŕƎŬŕƔƁƏŜƏţŗƅŔƓžƌƂţƀƆƔƇƅ řƔŗũŸƅŔĻŕƈƏƈŷřƔũƏŬƅŔƏžĻŕŰƏŰŦ¿ƏŕƊśƉƈƇŻũƅŔƑƆŷƅŔũƔŝƄ ƃƔƍŕƊžƐũŦŌŚŔũƔżśƈŗƌśƁƜŷƏũƔżśƈƅŔŔŨƎƅřƔŗƊŠƗŔŜƏţŗƅŔƉƈ ƉƔƊųŔƏƈƅŔ ŘŕƔţ Ɠž řƔţŰƅŔ řƔŕŷũƅŔ ũƏŧ Ɖŷ
- 48. žŞŔũſƅŔ Ƒƅŏ ¿ƏŰƏƅŔ ƑƆŷ řŬŔũŧƅŔ ƋŨƍ ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ ŜţŕŗƅŔ ¿ƈŸƔŬ ŜƔţ ƉƊƂƈūŕƔƂƈřœƔŗƆƅŚŕƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔũƔżśƈƅřƔũƏŬƅŔřƔŗũŸƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔřƔƈƍŌŧŬŠśśŕƈƄŜţŗƅŔĻŕŲƔŌƉŷŘũƏŰʼnŕųŷŏƓžƐŧƈ řƔŗŕŠƔŏƓž řƈŧƂƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃŔũŧŏ
- 50. Ə
- 51. ƓžŕŮƈƉƈĻŕƔŷƏŗŬŌřƊŕŗśŬŔūƔſƊƅŔƉŗŔ ƏƀŮƈŧ ƏũƈţƗŔ ¿ƜƎƅŔžŚŕƊŕƔŗƅŔ ŶƈŠ Řũśž řƔŕƎƊ ŕƎƊŷ şśƊ
- 53. SPSS ũŔŧŰƙŔ
- 54. Əž
- 55. AMOSũŔŧŰƙŔ
- 56. ƇŧŦśŬŔŜƔţŸ¿Ƅ ƓƆƈŕŸƅŔ ¿ƔƆţśƅŔ Ɖƈ ƒŧƔƄƏśƅŔ
- 58. Cronbach's AlphaƑƅƏƗŔ řƔŲũſƅŔ ũŕŗśŦƛƑƅŏ řžŕŲƙŕŗ ž ŘŧţŔƏƅŔ ŚŕƊƔŸƆƅ ŚƊŧƏśŬ ũŕŗśŦŔ
- 59. One-sample T-testƃƅŨƏ řƔƊŕŝƅŔřƔŲũſƅŔũŕŗśŦƛ ŘœƈœƒŕƃŒŴƆŞŗƄƒŪƍ ŽƅōśśƏ řƊŕŗśŬƛŔ ƓƍřƔžŔũżƈƔŧƅŔ ¿ƈŔƏŸƅŔ ūƔƔŕƂƈƅ řžŕŲŏ řƔţŰƅŔ řƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƆƅ ŧŕŸŗƗŔ ŧŧŸśƈ ūŕƔƂƈ ƉƈžƏƒŨƅŔ ƋũƏų
- 60. Haddad et al., 1998bž Ɖƈ ŽƅōśƔƏ
- 62. Ō řŝƜŝ ƑƆŷ ŵŪƏśś ŘũŕŗŷŧŕŸŗžƃƅŨƏŧŸŗ ŏŚŔʼnŔũŠřƔũƏŬƅŔ řƔŗũŸƅŔ řœƔŗƅŔ ƑƆŷ ƉƔƊƂśƅŔ ŚŔʼnŔũŠŏ ŚƊŕƄƏ ƔŕƈƄƉƔƊƂśƅŔśōƓ řŠƏŧŪƈřƈŠũśʼnŔũŠŏ
- 64. Face Validity řŠƏŧŪƈƅŔřƈŠũśƅŔƉŷşśŕƊƅŔūŕƔƂƈƅŔűũŷ¿ƜŦƉƈƃƅŨƏ ŚŕŸƈŕŠƅŔ ŘŨśŕŬŌƏ ʼnŔũŗŦƅŔ űŸŗ ƑƆŷžʼnŔŧŗŏƏ ƌƈƔƏƂś ŽŧƎŗ ƌƅŕƔţŚŕŴţƜƈƅŔ ƓƆƈŕŸƅŔ ƀŧŰƅŔƒŧƔƄƏśƅŔ
- 66. Structural Equation ModelingƑƅƏƗŔřƔŲũſƅŔũŗśŦśŬž Ƒƅŏ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ũƔżśƈ ƇŕŬƂƊŔ Ɖƈ ŧƄōśƆƅ ŕƎƊĉƔŗƓśƅŔřŝƜŝƅŔŧŕŸŗƗŔHaddad et al.
- 67. 1998b ŚŕŗŝƅŔ
- 68. Reliability ũƔŮƔƏƉƈ ĻŕƔƅŕŦ ūŕƔƂƈƅŔ ŕƎŗ ƉƏƄƔ ƓśƅŔ řŠũŧƅŔ Ƒƅŏ ŚŕŗŝƅŔ ūŕƔƂƆƅ řƔœŔƏŮŸƅŔ ʼnŕųŦƗŔ
- 69. Smithson, 2005ƒŧŎś ŜƔţ ž ŚŕŗŝƅŔƉƈřƔƊŧśƈƅŔŖŬƊƅŔŚŔŨūƔƔŕƂƈƅŔƑƅŏƂśſśşœŕśƊũřƁŧƅŔƑƅŏ
- 70. Tharenou et al., 2007ũŕŗśŦƛŤŕŗƊƏũƄ¿ƈŕŸƈƇŧŦśŬƔŬƏ ƏŠƅŔ ŧŕŸŗŌ ūƔƔŕƂƈƅ ƓƆŦŔŧƅŔ ƀŕŬśƛŔřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅ řƄũŧƈƅŔ Řŧ ƒŧƔƄƏśƅŔƓƆƈŕŸƅŔ¿ƔƆţśƅŔřŠƔśƊƉƈŕƎŰƜŦśŬŔŧŸŗ ŗƒƈŒťƒƆƃŒŗŪŒŧťƃŒ ŗƈƒŶƃŒŻƒŮƍř řƊƔŸƅŔ ŧŔũžŌ ŽƔŰƏś ŘũƂſƅŔ ƋŨƍ ŽŧƎśžƇƎƆƔŝƈś Ɛŧƈ řžũŸƈƅ »ƅ ĻŕƂžƏ řƊƔŸƅŔ ūƊ੶ŗ ųŗśũƔ ŔŨƍƏ žƓœŕŰţƙŔ ŶƈśŠƈƆƅ Tharenou et al.
- 71. ŏ ŜƔţ ž űŕſŦƊŔ ƉřƊƔŸƅŔ ūƊ੶ ƇƔƈŸśƆƅ ũŗƄŌ řƔƆŗŕƂŗ ųŗśũƔ řŬŔũŧƅŔ řƊƔŷ ƑƆŷ ƀŗųƊƔ ŕƈ ŔŨƍƏ řƔƅŕţƅŔĻřžŕŲŏ žřƔƈƔƆŸśƅŔƏ řƔũƈŸƅŔ ŚŕƔƏśŬƈƅŔ ŽƆśŦƈ ¿ƈŮś ƓśƅŔ ľũƏƄŨƑƆŷŕƎœŔƏśţŔƑƅŏžŜŕƊŏƏž¿ŦŧƅŔƉƈřſƆśŦƈŚŕƔƏśŬƈƏžŕƈ řŬƊ੶ƈũƔŻŕƎƆŸŠƔ
- 73. ŗƈƒŶƃŒŻƒŮƍřĹœƒżŒŧŹƍƆƒť ƃŒŧŒŧƂř ƇœƒŕƃŒ ŧƒźřƆƃŒ 54.4 368 ũƄŨ ƑŵœƆřŞƙŒųƍƈƃŒ45.6 309 ƑŝƊŌ 100 677 ƑƃœƆŞƗŒ 7.1 48 ĉƓƈŌ ƑƆƒƄŶřƃŒƎƍřŪƆƃŒ 54.4 368 ƇƔƆŸśƏŌřƔƏƊŕŝ ƓŬŕŬŌ 23.5 159 ŘŪŕŠŏ 15.1 102 ŕƔƆŷŚŕŬŔũŧ 100 677 ƑƃœƆŞƗŒ 10.2 69 Ɖƈ¿ƁŌ řƊŬ ŧƆŶƃŒ 32.3 219 ƉƈƑśţƏ řƊŬ 57.5 389 ƉƈřƊŬ ƀƏžŕƈž 100 677 ƑƃœƆŞƗŒ 42.2 286 Ɖƈ¿ƁŌ ¿ū ¾ŤťƃŒ 54.5 369 Ɖƈ
- 74. řƔƊŕŬƊƙŔŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔƏŜƏţŗƆƅʼnŕƁũŪƅŔřƆŠƈôũŮŷŜƅŕŝƅŔŧƆŠƈƅŔô¿ƏƗŔŧŧŸƅŔϮϬϭϯ 36 ƃŒŧŒŧƂř ƇœƒŕƃŒ ŧƒźřƆƃŒ Ƒśţ ¿ū 3.2 22 ƉƈũŝƄŌ ¿ū 100 677 ƑƃœƆŞƗŒ ƅŔ¿ƏŧŠƅŔƉƈŴţƜƊƀŗŕŬũƏƄŨƅŔƉƈƇƍřƊƔŸƅŔŧŔũžŌŖƆŻŌƉŌ řŗŬƊŗ
- 75. ¿ŗŕƂƈ
- 76. ŜŕƊƙŔƉƈƐƏśŬƈƆƅřŗŬƊƅŕŗŕƈŌ ƏŌřƔƏƊŕŝƅŔŘŧŕƎŮƅŔřƆƈţƉƈƇƍřƊƔŸƅŔŧŔũžŌŖƆŻŌƉŌŧŠƊƓƈƔƆŸśƅŔ řŗŬƊŗ ƓŬŕŬƗŔ ƇƔƆŸśƅŔ
- 77. žřƔŸƈŕŠƅŔ ŘŪŕŠƙŔ řƆƈţ ƇƎƔƆƔ řŗŬƊŗ
- 78. řŗŬƊŗ ŕƔƆŸƅŔ ŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔ řƆƈţž ž
- 82. ¿ŗŕƂƈ
- 83. ƇƍƉƈƅ ĻŕƈŕŷƉƔũŮŸƅŔƉƏŧŠƊž¿ŦŧƆƅřŗŬƊƅŕŗŕƈŌŧƇƍƑŲũƈƅŔƇŴŸƈƉŌ řŗŬƊŗ ųŬƏśƈƅŔ ¿ŦŧƅŔ ƒƏŨ Ɖƈ
- 86. žƓžŖŕŗųśŬƜƅřœſƅŔƋŨƍƌŠƏśũŬſśƉŌƉƄƈƔƓśƅŔƏ řŰŕŦƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔ ŘœƒŰŧŽƃŒŧœŕřŤŒ śƓśƅŔřŬƔœũƅŔřƔŲũſƅŔũŗśŦśŬƑƆŷůƊŘŧƏŠƉŏŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗĻŕƔƏƊŸƈƃũŧŁśřƔţŰƅŔũŕŗśŦŔ¿ƜŦƉƈ ũŕŗśŦŔ Ɖƈ řƂŝŗƊƈƅŔ řŝƜŝƅŔ řƔŷũſƅŔ ŚŕƔŲũſƅŔřƊƔŸƆƅ ŚƊŧƏśŬ ŘŧţŔƏƅŔžřƔŧŕƔţƅŔ řƈƔƂƅŕŗ ŚŕųŬƏśƈƅŔ řƊũŕƂƈ ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ ƃƅŨƏ řżƅŕŗƅŔƏ
- 87. ƔŕƈƄśōƓ ƏƃƍƕŒŗƒŰŧŽƃŒ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉŏƇŬƂƊƔƏ ŧŕŸŗƗŔ ŧŧŸśƈ ũƔżśƈ Ɠƍ řƔţŰƅŔ ŧŕŸŗŌřŝƜŝƑƅŏƒƏƊŸƈÈ¿ƄŮŗ şƈŕƊũŗ ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ řƔŲũſƅŔ ƋŨƍ ũŗśŦśŬ AMOSũŔŧŰƙŔ
- 88. ž ƇƁũ ¿ƏŧŠƅŔ ƉĉƔŗƔƏ
- 89. ƇƁũ ¿ƄŮƅŔƏ
- 90. ũŕŗśŦŔ şœŕśƊ ƑƅƏƗŔřƔŲũſƅŔ řƈƆƄAMOSƓƍ»ƅũŕŰśŦŔAnalysis of Moment StructuresƏƍƏ řƔƆƄƔƎƅŔŚƛŧŕŸƈƅŔřŠŨƈƊřƔƊŕƄƈŏũžƏƔşƈŕƊũŗ ¾ƍťŞƃŒ
- 92. ƇƁũ ¿ƏŧŠƅŔ Ə
- 93. řţŰ şśƊśŬƊ ƑƅƏƗŔ řƔŲũſƅŔžƜƈƅŔ ũŮŎƈ Ɖƈ į¿Ƅ ƇƔƁ Ɖŏ ŜƔţʼnƉũŕƂƈƅŔ řƈ
- 94. CFIü Ə ƓƁŔƏŗƅŔ Ŷŗũƈƅ ƓŗŕŬţƅŔ ųŬƏƅŔ ũŨŠ
- 97. Joreskog Sorbom, 1989; Hu Bentler, 1995; Bentler, 1992; MacCallum et al., 1996ƑƆŷŌŕƎŸƔƈŠŚƊŕƄŤŕŗƊƏũƄŚƜƈŕŸƈƇƔƁƉŌƑƅŏřžŕŲŏ Ɖƈ
- 98. ž ƇƁũ ¿ƏŧŠƅŔ ƉĉƔŗƔ ŕƈƄ
- 99. žƏƇŝ Ɖƈ ¿ƏƂƅŔ ƉƄƈƔŏƉ ūƔƔŕƂƈƅŔřŝƜŝƅŔ ƓƆŦŔŧƅŔ Śŕŗŝƅŕŗ Ŷśƈśś
- 101. ƇƁũ¿ƏŧŠƅŔƏ
- 102. ŪƏƈũũƔŮśŜƔţžq ŪƏƈũ ũƔŮś ŕƈƊƔŗ žūƔƔŕƂƈƅŔ ŧƏƊŗ Ƒƅŏe ūŕƔƂƅŔ ʼnŕųŦŌ Ƒƅŏ
- 103. Errors of Measurement ಳ řƈƆƄCFI»ƅũŕŰśŦŔƓƍThe Comparative Fit Index řƈƆƄRMR»ƅũŕŰśŦŔƓƍRoot Mean Square Residual i řƈƆƄRMSEA»ƅũŕŰśŦŔƓƍRoot Mean Square Error Of Approximation
- 105. ƑƄŤŒťƃŒžœŪřƙŒŧœŕřŤŒŗރřƈ ťƍƈŕƃŒťťŵ¾ƆœŶƆŢœŕƈƍŧƂ 40.61 60.724 50.675 řƔŲũſƅŔ ũŗśŦśŬ ƑƆŷ ůƊś ƓśƅŔ řƔƊŕŝƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ Ɖŏ ƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗĻŕƔƏƊŸƈƃũŧŁśřƔţŰƅŔũŕŗśŦŔ¿ƜŦƉƈ řŝƜŝƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŧŕŸŗƗ řŗŬƊƅŕŗ řƔŲũſƅŔ ƏƇŝ ƉƈŜƜŝ ũŕŗśŦŔ ŘŧţŔƏƅŔřƊƔŸƆƅŚƊŧƏśŬũŕŗśŦŔƇŔŧŦśŬŕŗžƃƅŨƏƉƈ řƔŧŕƔţƅŔřƈƔƂƅŕŗŚŕųŬƏśƈƅŔřżƅŕŗƅŔ
- 111. ƇŔũśţƛŔ űƔũƈƆƅŖƔŗųƅŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ řƅŕţƅŔšũŮƅŖƔŗųƅŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ űƔũƈƆƅřƔŲũƈƅŔ ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžƉƔƆƈŕŸƅŔřƍŔŪƊ ƑſŮƈƅŔƑƅŏ¿ŪƊƈƅŔƉƈřžŕŬƈƅŔ ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔŧŧŷ q15 q16 q17 ¾ƍťŞƃŒ ťŶŕƃŒ řƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŧŸŗ ƓŗųƅŔũŧŕƄƅŔŧŸŗ řƔţŰƅŔƀžŔũƈƅŔŧŸŗ ŗƒƈœśƃŒŗƒŰŧŽƃŒ řƔŲũſƅŔ ũŗśŦśŬ ƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗĻŕƔƏƊŸƈƃũŧŁśřƔţŰƅŔ řŝƜŝƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔ ŧŕŸŗƗ řŗŬƊƅŕŗ řƔŲũſƅŔ řƔŷũžŚŕƔŲũžžŘŧţŔƏƅŔřƊƔŸƆƅŚƊŧƏśŬũŕŗśŦŔƇŔŧŦśŬŕŗ řƊũŕƂƈ¿ƜŦřƔŧŕƔţƅŔřƈƔƂƅŕŗŚŕųŬƏśƈƅŔ ΔϳΩΎϴΤϟ
- 113. œƋťƍƈŕƍŗƒšŮƃŒŘœƆťŤƄƃŗƂŧťƆƃŒŖťƍŞƃŒťœŶŕŊ ŖŧœŕŶƃŒ ŖŧœŕŶƃŒŗŹœƒŮ ŨƆŧ ŖŧœŕŶƃŒ ťŶŕƃŒ ũŧŕƁʼnŕŗųƗŔ űƔũƈƅŔŕƎƊƈ q01 řƔŕŷũƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ ʼnŕŗųƗŔŕƎſŰƔƓśƅŔřƔƏŧƗŔ q02 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžřƔƏŧƗŔũžŔƏś q03 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžűƔũƈƅŔʼnŕſŮŘŧƏŠ q05 ƑŲũƈƅŔŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś q07 ũŧŕƄƅŔ ƓŗųƅŔ ƑŲũƈƅŔŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś q08 ŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś q09 űƔũƈƆƅŖƔŗųƅŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ q10 řƅŕţƅŔšũŮƅŖƔŗųƅŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ űƔũƈƆƅřƔŲũƈƅŔ q11 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžƉƔƆƈŕŸƅŔřƍŔŪƊ q12 ƑſŮƈƅŔƑƅŏ¿ŪƊƈƅŔƉƈřžŕŬƈƅŔ q13 ƀžŔũƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔƑſŮƈƅŔƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔŧŧŷ q14
- 114. řƔƊŕŬƊƙŔŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔƏŜƏţŗƆƅʼnŕƁũŪƅŔřƆŠƈôũŮŷŜƅŕŝƅŔŧƆŠƈƅŔô¿ƏƗŔŧŧŸƅŔϮϬϭϯ 38 ΎϫΎϧΩ ΔΑΎΠΘγϼϟ ρΎϘϧ ϊΑέ Ϧϣ ϥϮϜϣ
- 115. ϭ Ύϫϼϋϭ
- 119. ƉŌ Ɖƈ ¿ƁŌ řƔƅŕƈśţƛŔ řƈƔƂƅŔ
- 120. žžřƔŷũſƅŔ řƔŲũſƅŔ řţŰ ŚŗŝƊ ƉŌƒŌžƑƅƏƗŔŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗĻŕƔƏƊŸƈƃũŧŁśřƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŘŧƏŠƓ ƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈƉŌƑŲũƈƅŔƃũŧƔŜƔţžʼnŕŗųƗŔƑƆŷŘũŧƂƅŔƇƎƔŧƅ ŚƛŕţƆƅřƔƏŧƗŔřŗŬŕƊƈƑƅŏřžŕŲŏžŧƔŠ¿ƄŮŗűŔũƈƗŔůƔŦŮś ʼnŕŗųƗŔ ŕƎŰŦŮƔ ƓśƅŔ řƔŲũƈƅŔžűƔũƈƅŔ ʼnŕſŮ Ƒƅŏ ƒŧŎƔ ŕƈƈ ŧƔŠ¿ƄŮŗžƑſŮƈƅŔƓžřƅƏƎŬŗřƔƏŧƗŔũžŔƏśƉŷƃƔƍŕƊ ŗƒŰŧŽƃŒŗƒŵŧŽƃŒŗƒƈœśƃŒ řƔŲũſƅŔ ůƊś ƉŌ ƑƆŷ řƔƊŕŝƅŔ řƔŷũſƅŔƓŗųƅŔ ƇƁŕųƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƑŲũƈƅŔƉƈƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗĻŕƔƏƊŸƈƃũŧŁśƇƁũ¿ƏŧŠƅŔŢŲƏƔƏ
- 122. žƏƇŝƉƈřƔŲũſƅŔƋŨƍřţŰşśƊśŬƊ ųƅŔ ƇƁŕųƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉƏƄũŧƔ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƉŌ ƒŌƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗ Ɠŗ Ɣ ŜƔţ žƒƏƊŸƈƏ¿ƈŕŸśƇŔũśţŕŗ ƑŲũƈƅŔ Ŷƈ ʼnŕŗųƗŔžƉƏŷŔũƔƏ ŕƈƄ žŕƎƅ řƂžŔũƈƅŔ řƔŬſƊƅŔ ƇƎśƅŕţƏ ƇƎŲũƈ ŽƏũŴƔ ŢƊƈƇƁŕųƅŔ ƓŗųƅŔƇƎŗřƔŕƊŸƆƅƓžŕƄƅŔŚƁƏƅŔƑŲũƈƅŔŏƏžƇƎŸŲƏƉŷƇƍũŕŗŦ ƓţŰƅŔ ¾ƍťŞƃŒ
- 124. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ƃŒťŶŕ 0.000 26.062 2.500 0.592 3.093 řƔŗųƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŘŧƏŠ ŗƆƒƀƃŒŗƒƃœƆřšƙŒ žƍŧŽƃŒŧœŕřŤŒ
- 125. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ťŶŕƄƃŗƈƍƂƆƃŒťƍƈŕƃŒ .000 22.351 2.5 .859 3.24 ũŧŕƁʼnŕŗųƗŔƏűƔũƈƅŔŕƎƊƈƓƊŕŸƔƓśƅŔřƆƄŮƈƅŔŽŕŮśƄŔƑƆŷƉ .000 18.045 2.5 .821 3.07 ʼnŕŗųƗŔŕƎſŰƔƓśƅŔřƔƏŧƗŔ .000 15.781 2.5 .905 3.05 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžřƔƏŧƗŔũžŔƏś .000 14.910 2.5 .903 3.02 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžűƔũƈƅŔʼnŕſŮŘŧƏŠ ŗƃƙťƎƍřŪƆťƈŵĹœƒőœŮšōŗƃŒť
- 130. žřţŰşśƊśŬƊ řƔŲũſƅŔ ƋŨƍžřƔţŰƅŔ ƀžŔũƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉƏƄũŧƔ ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƉŌ ƒŌ ƒƏƊŸƈƏ ƓŗŕŠƔŏ ¿ƄŮŗžƉƈ řƅƏƂŸƈ řžŕŬƈƅŔ ƇƍũŴƊ řƎŠƏ Ɖƈž Ƒƅŏ ¿ŪƊƈƅŔƑſŮƈƅŔžŪƄũƈ Ɠž ƓžŕŮƈƅŔ ƋŨƍ ŶŲƏƈś ƇƄţŗ ŔŨƍƏ řƊƔŧƈƅŔžċŽŕƄʼnŕŗųƗŔŧŧŷƉŌŧŠƊ ŕƈƄžŘũžƏśƈřƔŗųƅŔŘŪƎŠƗŔƏ ŚŕſŰŔƏƈŗƏŘŧƔŠ řţŰşśƊśŬƊřƂŗŕŬƅŔřƔŷũſƅŔŚŕƔŲũſƅŔũŕŗśŦŔşœŕśƊ¿ƜŦƉƈ řƔŬŕŬƗŔ řƔŲũſƅŔžřŸŗŕśƅŔ řƈŕŸƅŔ ƓžŕŮƈƅŔ Ɠž ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƉŌ ƒŌ ƊƔŧƈ Ɠž řţŰƅŔ ŘũŔŪƏƅřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ƉƏƄũŧƔ ƀŮƈŧ ř ƒƏƊŸƈƏƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗřƈŧƂƈƅŔ
- 133. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ŧƒźřƆƃŒ 0.000 13.338 2.500 0.651 2.834 ƓŗųƅŔƇƁŕųƅŔŘŧƏŠ ŗƆƒƀƃŒ ŗƒƃœƆřšƙŒ žƍŧŽƃŒŧœŕřŤŒ
- 134. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ŗƒŵŧŽƃŒťƍƈŕƃŒ .000 11.964 2.5 .988 2.95 ƑŲũƈƅŔŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś
- 135. šŕśſƊƛŔ .000 9.756 2.5 .971 2.86 ƑŲũƈƅŔŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś
- 136. řƈţũƅŔ .000 10.772 2.5 .983 2.91 ƑŲũƈƅŔŶƈʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸś
- 137. ƇŔũśţƛŔ .000 5.838 2.5 1.044 2.73 űƔũƈƆƅŖƔŗųƅŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ .000 6.056 2.5 1.038 2.74 řƔŲũƈƅŔ řƅŕţƅŔ šũŮƅ ŖƔŗųƅŔ ƌŰŰŦƔ ƒŨƅŔ ŚƁƏƅŔ űƔũƈƆƅ .000 7.832 2.5 .999 2.80 ƑſŮƈƅŔƓžƉƔƆƈŕŸƅŔřƍŔŪƊ ŗƃƙťƎƍřŪƆťƈŵĹœƒőœŮšōŗƃŒť
- 138. ¾ƍťŞƃŒ
- 140. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ŧƒźřƆƃŒ 0.000 7.905 2.500 0.663 2.701 řƔţŰƅŔƀžŔũƈƅŔŘŧƏŠ ŗƒƃœƆřšƙŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ žƍŧŽƃŒŧœŕřŤŒ
- 141. T-test ŗƒťœƒšƃŒŗƆƒƀƃŒ ƐŧœƒŶƆƃŒŻŒŧšƈƙŒ ƑŕœŪšƃŒűŪƍƃŒ ŗƒŵŧŽƃŒťƍƈŕƃŒ .000 10.628 2.5 .960 2.89 ϰϔθϤϟϰϟ·ϝΰϨϤϟϦϣΔϓΎδϤϟ .000 7.700 2.5 .981 2.79 ϰϔθϤϟϲϓ˯ΎΒσϷΩΪϋ .000 5.215 2.5 .999 2.70 ϰϔθϤϟϲϓΔϴΒτϟΓΰϬΟϷΩΪϋ .001 3.241 2.5 1.002 2.62 ϲϨϘΘϟΎϫϮΘδϣϭΔϴΒτϟΓΰϬΟϷΓΩϮΟ .986 -.018 2.5 1.07778 2.4993 ϰϔθϤϟϑήϏ ŗƃƙťƎƍřŪƆťƈŵĹœƒőœŮšōŗƃŒť
- 142. řƔƊŕŬƊƙŔŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔƏŜƏţŗƆƅʼnŕƁũŪƅŔřƆŠƈôũŮŷŜƅŕŝƅŔŧƆŠƈƅŔô¿ƏƗŔŧŧŸƅŔϮϬϭϯ őœřƈƃŒºººŝ ƏƍƑŲũƈƅŔũŴƊřƎŠƏƉƈřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠũƔżśƈƉŏ Ɠƍ ŧŕŸŗŌ řŝƜŝ Ɖƈ ŽƅōśƔ ŜƔţ žŧŕŸŗƗŔ ŧŧŸśƈ ũƔżśƈ ŘŧƏŠ ƀžŔũƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƏ žƓŗųƅŔ ƇƁŕųƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƏ žřƔţŰƅŔ řƔŕŷũƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ řƈŕŸƅŔ ƓžŕŮƈƅŔ Ɠž ƑŲũƈƅŔ ƃũŧƔřƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ƒƏƊŸƈƏƓŗŕŠƔŏ¿ƄŮŗřŝƜŝƅŔŕƍŧŕŸŗƗ ƒŮƍřƃŒºººŘœ ƉƔśŠƔśƊƅŔƑƆŷćʼnŕƊŗƉƔśƂŗŕŬƅŔƔŕƈŗŜţŕŗƅŔƓŰƏƔśōƓ ŧŕŸŗƗŔŘŧŧŸśƈřƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔūŕƔƂƈƇŔŧŦśŬŔ ƒŨƅŔƉŅƊƁʼnŔũŠŏ űũżƅ ƃƅŨƏ žřƔũƏŬƅŔ řƔŗũŸƅŔ řœƔŗƅŔ ƑƆŷ ŕƎŠŨŕƈƊƓž¿ƏŕƊśśƓśƅŔŜƏţŗƅŔūŕƔƁřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔũƔżśƈ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƆƅžƐũŦŌ ċŚŔũƔżśƈ Ŷƈ ƌśŬŔũŧƅžŕƈƔŬƛƓž ƓśƅŔ ŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔƐũŠśřƔŗũŸƅŔƏ ĻŕŰƏŰŦ řƔũƏŬƅŔ řœƔŗƅŔ Ɠž ĻŕƈƏƈŷ ƑƆŷřŗŰƊƈƅŔŕƍŧƏƎŠƓžřţŰƅŔŘũŔŪƏũŔũƈśŬŔƉƔŬţśŘŧƏŠ ŚŕƈŧŦřƔũƏŬƓžřƈŕŸƅŔƓžŕŮƈƅŔžŕƈƔŬƛ¿ŕţƓžĉƔƊŧƏŠƏř ƅřƆƂśŬƈƌŗŮƏŌřƆƂśŬƈŚŕœƔƍƑƅŏƓžŕŮƈƅŔƋŨƍ¿ƔƏţśžűũſś ŧƁƋũƏŧŗŔŨƍƏžřƔţŰƅŔŕƎśŕƈŧŦƇƔŧƂśʼnŕƂƅřƔƅŕƈĻŕƈƏŬũ¿ƆƂƔ řƔţŰƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƆƅřƄũŧƈƅŔŘŧƏŠƅŔƉƈžƇƏŬũƅŔƋŨƍ¿ŗŕƂƔƇƅŕƈ Ŭţś řƔƅŕƈƅŔƉƔƋŨƍ Ɠž řƈŧƂƈƅŔ řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ Ɠž ƓžŕŮƈƅŔ ŞŒŧƆƃŒºººŴ @ŞŔũſƅŔřƈŕŬŌ
- 143. řƔţŰƅŔřƔŕŷũƅŔŚŕƈŧŦŘŧƏŠƇƔƔƂś ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ Ɖƈ řƔũƏŬ Ɠž ƓƅŕŸƅŔ ƇƔƆŸśƅŔ ŚŕƔſŮśŬƈ Ɠž ƑŲũƈƅŔƑŲũƈƅŔŕŲũūŕƔƂƅŞŨƏƈƊƀŮƈŧřŸƈŕŠřƆŠƈ žřƔƊƏƊŕƂƅŔƏřƔŧŕŰśƁƛŔƇƏƆŸƆƅ
- 144. ž @ŽƏũŬŦ ¿ŕƈƄ ŧƈţƈ ƉƈƔŌ
- 145. ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ƀƔƏŬś řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƔſŮśŬƈƅŔ ŘũŔŧŏ Ɠž ƓŰŰŦśƅŔ ƇƏƆŗŧƅŔ Ŝţŗ ŕƔƊŕųƔũŗƅŔŪƄũƈƅŔƙŔřƔƈƊśƆƅƒũŕŮśŬƛŔƓƅƏŧŔŧũřƔ @ƒũƄŗƅŔ ũŬŕƔ ũƈŕŝ
- 146. řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ƀƔƏŬś ƉŕƈŷŶƔŪƏśƅŔƏũŮƊƆƅřƔƈƆŸƅŔƒũƏŪŕƔƅŔũŔŧ @ĺŔ ƀŪũ řƆŦƊ ŘŧƔŕŷ
- 147. ¿ƔƆţśƅŔ Ɠž ƉƔŝţŕŗƅŔ ¿Ɣƅŧ ƓœŕŰţƙŔŘũƍŕƂƅŔřſƅŎƈƅŔ @ƓŗŷŪƅŔŧƈţŪƔŕž
- 148. ƐƏśŬƈƅʼnƜƈŸƅŔŚŕŸƁƏśƏʼnŔũŊ ƓžřƆƈŕŸƅŔƒƏƆŦƅŔ¿ŕŰśƛŔŚŕƄũŮƉƈřƈŧƂƈƅŔřƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠ ƉŧũƗŔ ž¿ŕƈŷƗŔ ŘũŔŧŏ Ɠž řƔƊŧũƗŔ řƆŠƈƅŔ
- 151. ŶƁŔƏƅŔũƔƏųśŚŕŗƆųśƈƏŶƁŔƏ ƓţŰƅŔ ƓžŕƂŝƅŔ ũƔƏųśƅŔƏ ƓƈƆŸƅŔ ŜţŗƆƅ ƓƊųƏƅŔ ũƈśŎƈƅŔ ƀŮƈŧ @ƓƆŷ ƉŕƈƔƆŬ Ə žƇƏũŮŦƅŔ ŧƈţƈ
- 152. ƀũſƅŔ ũŝŌ řƈƜŸƆƅ ƃƆƎśŬƈƅŔ ʼnƛƏ ƑƆŷ řƄũŧƈƅŔ ŘŧƏŠƅŔƏ ƃũŧƈƅŔ řƔũ੶ƅŔ žřƔƊƏƊŕƂƅŔƏ řƔŧŕŰśƁƛŔ ƇƏƆŸƆƅ ƀŮƈŧ řŸƈ੠řƆŠƈ
- 153. ž @ŭƏƄƏƔƍ
- 156. řƔţŰƅŔ ŚŔũŮŎƈƅŔ ŧŔŧũśŬƛŔ ťƔũŕśƉŔũƔŪţ řţŰƅŔ ŘũŔŪƏ Ɖƈ ž řƔũƏŬƅŔhttp://moh.gov.sy @ƓƄũƄƅŔ ũŰŕƊ ŧƈţƈ ƇŕŬƏ
- 157. ŘŧƏŠŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ƉƔųŬƆžƓžřƔŬžŕƊśƅŔŘŪƔƈƅŔƀƔƂţśƑƆŷŕƍũŝŌƏřƔžũŰƈƅŔ ƉœŕŗŪƅŔ Ə ƉƔƔũŔŧƙŔ ũŴƊ řƎŠƏ ƉƈũƔŻ ũƔśŬŠŕƈ řƅŕŬũ žƓƈƆŸƅŔŜţŗƅŔƏŕƔƆŸƅŔŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔřƔƆƄž¿ƔƆŦƅŔřŸƈ੾ŘũƏŮƊƈ ¿ƔƆŦƅŔ @ƉŕųƆŬƇƔŬƏ
- 158. ƓžřƈŧƂƈƅŔŚŕƈŧŦƅŔŘŧƏŠũƔƏųś ƓƈƏƄţƅŔ ¿ƔƆŦƅŔ ƑſŮśŬƈ
- 159. Ɣƅŕŷř řŸŬƅŔ ŘũŔŧŏ ¿ƜŦ Ɖƈ řƔŠŕśƊƙŔ¿ƔƆŦƅŔ řŸƈ੠¿ƔƆŦƅŔ ŕƔƆŸƅŔ ŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔ řƔƆƄ ƓƈƆŸƅŔŜţŗƅŔƏ @řƅŧŕŗŸƅŔ Ɖŕƈŝŷ ¿Ɯų Ə žũƏŮŕŷ ƉƔŬţ ŽŬƏƔ
- 160. ŕƔƆŸƅŔ ŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔ Ɠž řƔƈƔƆŸśƅŔ ŚŕƈŧŦƅŔ ŘŧƏŠ ūŕƔƁ řƅŕţ şƈŕƊũŗMBAŘŪżŗ řƔƈƜŬƙŔ řŸƈŕŠƅŔ Ɠž řŸƈ੠řƆŠƈ žƑŰƁƗŔ
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- 166. ƑŝƊŌ
- 167. ƓƈƔƆŸśƅŔƐƏśŬƈƅŔ ĉƓƈŌ
- 168. ƓŬŕŬŌƇƔƆŸśƏŌřƔƏƊŕŝ
- 169. ŘŪŕŠŏ
- 170. ŕƔƆŷŚŕŬŔũŧ
- 171. ũƈŸƅŔ řƊŬƉƔũŮŷƉƈ¿ƁŌ
- 172. řƊŬƉƔŝƜŝƑśţƏƉƔũŮŷƉƈ
- 176. ŽƅŌƉƔŝƜŝƉƈũŝƄŌ
- 178. ƁřŕœŞō¾śƆƒƐŦƃŒƇœƂƆƃŒƑż ƗŒŗŕœŞ ¾ŒŌŪƃŒ ƅſŧ ¾ŒŌŪƃŒ ƉƔũŧŕƁũƔŻ ƛŌŽũŷ ƑƅŏƉƔũŧŕƁŕƈŧţ ũŧŕƁƏĻŔŧŠƉ ũŧŕƁʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƍžƃƔŌũŗƏƉƓśƅŔřƆƄŮƈƅŔŽŕŮśƄŔƑƆŷ űƔũƈƅŔŕƎƊƈƓƊŕŸƔ 1 ƓśƅŔŚŬƔƅ ŕƎŠŕśţŌ ŽũŷŌƛ ƓśƅŔƇŕŷ¿ƄŮŗ ŕƎŠŕśţŌ ¿ŸſƅŕŗŕƎŠŕśţŌƓśƅŔ ƓƍƑſŮƈƅŔƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔŕƎſŰƔƓśƅŔřƔƏŧƗŔžƃƔŌũŗ 2 řŗƏŸŰŗ ŽũŷŌƛ řƅƏƎŬŗĻŕƔŗŬƊ řƅƏƎŬŗ ƃƔŌũŗžƋŨƍƉƈřƔƏŧƗŔƑƆŷ¿ƏŰţƅŔƑŲũƈƆƅƉƄƈƔ ƑſŮƈƅŔ 3 ŘŧƔŠũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏŘŧƔŠ ŘŧƔŠ ƑſŮƈƅŔŕƎƈŧƂśƓśƅŔřƔƏŧƗŔ 4 ƉƏĿſŮąƔƛ ŧƔŠ¿ƄŮŗ ŽũŷŌƛ ŧƔŠ¿ƄŮŗƉƏĿſŮąƔ ĻŕƔŗŬƊ ŧƔŠ¿ƄŮŗƉƏĿſŮąƔ ƅŔƑŲũƈƅŔƉƔŨƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƎŗƇƎŗƑƊŸąƔ 5 ŧƔŠũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏŧƔŠ ŧƔŠ ¿ƄŮŗƇƍŕŲũƈʼnŕſŮƉƏŸŗŕśƔƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔ 6 ŢśſƊƈũƔŻ ĻŕƔœŕƎƊ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏŢśſƊƈ ŢśſƊƈ ¿ƄŮŗƇƍŕŲũƈŶƈƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸśƔ 7 ĻŕƈƔţũūƔƅ ĻŕƔœŕƎƊ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏƇƔţũ ƇƔţũ ¿ƄŮŗƇƍŕŲũƈŶƈƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸśƔ 8 ĻŕƈũśţƈūƔƅ ĻŕƔœŕƎƊ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏƇũśţƈ Ƈũśţƈ ¿ƄŮŗƇƍŕŲũƈŶƈƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔ¿ƈŕŸśƔ 9 ċŽŕƄũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏċŽŕƄ ċŽŕƄ ƇƍŕŲũƈƅʼnŕŗųƗŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔ 10 ċŽŕƄũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ĻŕƔŗŬƊċŽŕƄ ċŽŕƄ ƇƎƅŔƏţũŮƔƅƇƍŕŲũƈƅʼnŕŗųƗŔƌŰŰŦƔƒŨƅŔŚƁƏƅŔƉŷ ƇƎŲũƈ 11 ŔƏŬƔƅƉƔƎƔŪƊ ŽũŷŌƛ ƉƏƎƔŪƊŧţƑƅŏ ŕƈ ƉƏƎƔŪƊ ƑſŮƈƅŔŔŨƍƓžƉƏƆƈŕŸƅŔ 12 řƅƏƂŸƈŚŬƔƅ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏřƅƏƂŸƈ řƅƏƂŸƈ ƑſŮƈƅŔƑƅŏƃśƔŗƉƈřžŕŬƈƅŔ 13 ċŽŕƄũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏċŽŕƄ ċŽŕƄ ƑſŮƈƅŔŔŨƍƓžʼnŕŗųƗŔŧŧŷ 14 ċŽŕƄũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏċŽŕƄ ċŽŕƄ ŧŧŷƑſŮƈƅŔƋŨƍƓžřƔŗųƅŔŘŪƎŠƗŔ 15 ũƔŻŘŧƔŠ ŽũŷŔƛ ŕƈŕŷƏƊŘŧƔŠ ŘŧƔŠ ƃƔŌũŗž ĻŕƔƊƂśŘũƏųśƈƏŘŧƔŠƑſŮƈƅŔƓžŘŪƎŠƗŔ¿ƍ 16 ċŽŕƄũƔŻ ŽũŷŌƛ ŕƈŧţƑƅŏċŽŕƄ ċŽŕƄ ƃƔŌũŗžũŕŴśƊƛŔŽũŻŧŧŷƏžƓŗųƅŔůţſƅŔŽũŻ ƏƑſŮƈƅŔŽũŻ 17 ŜţŕŗƅŔ ŧŗƓƆŷŧƏƈţƈƇŕŬ