This document provides guidance on properly citing sources within a document and providing references. It explains that in-text citations should be provided any time an idea from another source is used and that these citations should direct the reader to a full reference at the end of the document. The document outlines rules for citing sources with different numbers of authors and sources from organizations. It also provides examples of citing quotes and dealing with authors with non-English names. Finally, it emphasizes that in-text citations must correspond to the full references provided.

1. Documentation
TSL 022

2. DOCUMENTATION
OF SOURCES
In-text
Citation
Bibliography
/ References
Documentation
Appears in the BODY of
your report
Appears at the END, in
the REFERENCE section

3. When to cite?
• When referring to an IDEA THAT IS NOT
OUR OWN (one that has been drawn
from another source), cite the idea as
someone else’s.
• You MUST cite the source each time you
draw from it; not just the first time you
use it in a text.

4. The order of citation
Example:
Community policing involves
developing a relationship between
citizens and the police department
(Jones, 2005).
Author’s surname Year of publication

5. In-text citation
• Two authors:
Community policing involves developing a
relationship between citizens and the police
department (Jones & Smith, 2005).
According to Jones and Smith (2005),
community policing involves developing a
relationship between citizens and the police
department.

6. In-text citation
Three to six authors:
 First citation, list all authors:
Community policing involves developing a relationship between
citizens and the police department (Jones, Smith, & White,
2005).
 Subsequent citations, only list the first author, and follow it up
with “et al.” (and others):
Community policing involves developing a relationship between
citizens and the police department (Jones, et al.).
◦ Follow the SEQUENCING of the authors’ names as appears on
the book

7. In-text citation
• Organisation or agency (such as a government
agency) as the author:
–Community policing involves developing a
relationship between citizens and the police
department (Malaysia Department of Justice,
2005).
• To cite work by A in another work by B:
–Laila (2009, as cited in Khoo, 2010) states …
–… (Laila, 2009 as cited in Khoo, 2010).

8. Quotation
• Important: if you DIRECTLY QUOTE a text, you
must put the quote in QUOTATION MARKS:
–“Community policing involves developing a
relationship between citizens and the police
department” according to one source
(Jones, 2005, p. 48).
Direct quotation MUST include PAGE
NUMBER.

9. Various Author’s Names
APA Style
1. Full name: Aaron Brown 3. Full name: Tan Boon Keong
 …(Brown, 2008)  …(Tan, 2010)
According to Brown (2008), …  Tan (2010) found …
2. Full name: Anita binti Sarawak 4. Full name: Priyanka Chopra
 …(Anita, 2009)  …(Priyanka, 2011)
 Anita (2009) states …  Priyanka (2011) suggests

10. Reference List
• Our IN-TEXT CITATION MUST be tallied with
the REFERENCE LIST (appears at the end of
your report):
Community policing involves developing a
relationship between citizens and the police
department (Jones, 2005, p. 48).
References
Jones, A. (2005). Community policies for teenagers.
Hartford, CT: Scholarly Publishers, Inc.

11. Reference Resource
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/
Click here

12. Reference Resource
Then start searching for the appropriate source
format from the menu on the left.