The document discusses different types of instructional media including text, images, audio, videos, and simulations. It describes Dale's Cone of Experience which illustrates how people learn best through different levels of engagement. The document also covers instructional design models and how they incorporate learning theories like behaviorism and constructivism. Finally, it provides examples of digital media technologies for authoring, delivering, and managing instructional content like the internet, learning management systems, and multimedia authoring tools.

1. By Alaa Sadik, Ph.D. Visiting Consultant Department of Instructional Technology College of Education [email_address] freewebs.com/alaasadik Design, Selection and Uutilization of Media . Sultan Qaboos University

2. PART ONE Media, Technology & Learning

3. Types of Instructional Media Text, image & audio

4. The Human Ear Text (words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.) The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

5. The Human Ear Image (drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.)

6. The Human Ear Audio (human voice, sound effects, etc.) The human ear consists of ...

7. Text, Image & Audio The human ear consists of three parts: The outer ear The middle ear The inner ear Listen The Human Ear

8. The New Media Class Hierarchy Temporal Static - Computational - Directive (Waters, 1998)

9. The Human Ear Temporal (animation)

10. Landing The pilot managed to land the airoplane safely Temporal (video)

11. Auditory Physiology Lab. This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of the primary tones in 0.4 dB steps. Computational (graphs)

12. Define Values Using Sliders Directive (sliders)

13. Multimedia End of this point Transmission that combine different media of communication ( text , graphics , audio, animation, video, etc. )

14. 2. Message Design Communication Process - Sender - Message (to carry the content) - Medium (to carry the message) - Receiver - Domain

15. Media & Experience Dale’s Cone of Experience

16. Dale’s Cone of Experience Upper levels: provide more information, compress information, faster for those able to process it, need more instructional support. Lower levels: involve the learner as a participant, encourage active learning, provide less information, more stimuli and richer.

17. Dale’s Cone of Experience

18. 3. Media & Technology Attributes - Interactivity - Branching - Realism - Bandwidth

19. Interaction Exchange of information, ideas, opinions between and among learners and teachers. Usually occurring through technology with the aim of facilitating learning .

20. Types of Interaction - Learner-teacher - Learner-learner - Learner-content - Learner-machine

21. Time of Interaction - Synchronous (time-dependent) - Asynchronous (time-independent)

22. Technology-Mediated Interaction Traditional Media Two-way Media

24. Branching Indexed design Sequencing design Exploration design

25. 4. Selection Criteria of Media & Technology Objectives are well-defined Content is clear Suitable for time and place Suitable for learner’s ability Interactive Reusable Cost-effective

26. Selection Criteria

27. 5. Level of Technology Use - Informational - Supplemental - Communal - Essential - Immersive

28. PART TWO Instructional Design & Media

29. Instructional Design For whom is the programme being developed? What do you want the learners to learn? How is the subject content or skill best learned? How do you determine the extent to which the learning has been achieved? The structure of an environment to provide learners with conditions that support learning.

30. Instructional Design

31. Instructional Design of Courseware

32. Instructional Design (Dick and Carey, 1996 )

33. Instructional Design ( Kemp , 199 4)

34. Instructional Design ASSURE Model A nalyze learners S tate objectives S elect media and materials U tilize media and materials R equire learner participation E valuate and revise

35. ID & Learning Theories Behaviourism Learning is a sequence of stimuli and response actions in the learner. Cognitivism Focus on cognitive processes, such as retention and recall of prior learning. Constructivism Learning is an active process in which the learner builds knowledge and understanding from individual experiences.

36. Constructivism Construction of knowledge depends on: the interaction between the learner and others in the learning environment. an active engagement in problem-solving situations.

37. PART THREE Utilization of Media

38. Examples of Digital Media & Technologies - Satellite broadcasting - Video-conferencing - CD-ROMs and DVDs - The Internet and the Web

39. Internet and Web Technologies - Authoring tools - Support tools - Delivery and management systems (DMS)

40. Authoring Tools - For general purposes FrontPage, MM Flash, etc. - For instructional purposes ToolBook Instructor, Authorware, etc.

41. Authoring Tools Gneral FrontPage

42. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

43. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

46. Support Tools - Word processors Photo editors Drawing tools - Audio/video editors - Web browsers

47. Support Tools Photo editors PaintShop Pro Contains all the tools you need for creating, editing, and retouching your images. It is friendly enough for the casual user and professional.

48. Support Tools Drawing tools SmartDraw Contains all the tools you need for drawing shapes, instructional graphics, maps and flowcharts and export them in standard formats.

49. Support Tools Video editors Pinnacle Studio Contain many tools to edit and produce professional video clips.

50. Support Tools Multimedia authoring Liquid Media Rich multimedia authoring & presentation software package, capable of stunning effects with fluid motion.

51. Support Tools Multimedia authoring ECTI Create presentations, demonstrations, simulations, images, Flash animations, etc .

52. Delivery and Management Systems - WebCT - Blackboard TopClass Moodle

53. Delivery and Management Systems WebCT - Tutor utilities - Course tools - Interaction tools

54. BlackBoard - Content builder - Communication tools - Assessment tool - Student administration Delivery and Management Systems

55. Alaa Sadik, Ph.D. [email_address] This presentation is available at www.freewebs.com/alaasadik The End