This document discusses how the web works from an architectural perspective. It begins by explaining the layers of the OSI model and how different protocols like TCP, IP, DNS, and HTTP fit into each layer. It then dives deeper into how specific parts of these protocols function, such as the TCP three-way handshake, DNS lookups, and TLS encryption. Syscalls are shown that are used under the hood for operations like sockets and DNS caching. Overall, the document provides a technical overview of the underlying infrastructure that allows the web to function.