This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, and the emotional impact. Post-testing also tracks brand metrics like awareness over time. Various methods are used to pre-test and post-test ads across different media like TV, print, and online.
The document summarizes India's import-export policies from independence to the present. It discusses why exports are important for India's economy, outlines objectives of India's Exim policies, and compares pre-1990s and post-1990s policies. Major changes included liberalizing imports in the 1990s, introducing annual then multi-year Exim policies, and providing various export incentives and import controls over time to balance trade. While exports have increased, India still faces large trade deficits due to rising imports of oil and other goods.
This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, motivation and communication. Post-testing involves tracking studies that monitor brand performance over time through measures like awareness, preference and attitudes. Various methods are used to pre-test and post-test ads across different media like TV, print and online.
The document discusses the foreign exchange market. It describes the market as consisting of two tiers - the interbank market for large transactions over $1 million and the retail market for smaller transactions. It identifies the major participants in the market as banks, corporations, individuals, speculators, arbitrageurs, and central banks. Spot transactions settle in two days while forward transactions settle at a future date at a pre-agreed exchange rate. Cross-rates can be used when one currency pair is not actively traded by calculating the rate using a third currency. Triangular arbitrage involves finding profitable simultaneous exchanges between three different currency pairs.
The engineering sector is the largest segment of the Indian industrial sector, employing over 4 million workers. It includes heavy engineering segments like metal products, machinery, automotive components, and transport equipment. Heavy engineering forms the majority and accounts for over 80% of total engineering production. India has a well-developed industrial base capable of manufacturing heavy and light engineering goods. While heavy engineering requires more capital for high-value, technologically advanced products, light engineering requires relatively lower capital for medium to low-tech products. Major players in the industry include BHEL, HAL, L&T, and Crompton Greaves. Engineering exports from India have grown steadily over time, reaching $60.1 billion in 2010-2011.
The document discusses financial services. It defines financial services as mobilizing and allocating savings through various financial activities. It notes that financial services are customer-oriented, intangible, require simultaneous performance by suppliers and consumers, are people-intensive due to the dominance of human elements, and are perishable since services cannot be inventoried. It outlines traditional financial activities like fund-based and non-fund based services as well as modern financial engineering activities.
This document provides an overview of conducting a feasibility analysis, preparing a project report, and developing a business plan for a new business venture. It discusses the key components of a feasibility analysis including market analysis, financial analysis, technical analysis, economic analysis, ecological analysis, and legal/administrative analysis. It also describes how to compile the findings of the feasibility analysis into a project report. The document outlines the process and requirements for registering a small-scale industry at both the provisional and permanent stages. Finally, it notes that a business plan serves as a roadmap for effectively starting a new business.
This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, and the emotional impact. Post-testing also tracks brand metrics like awareness over time. Various methods are used to pre-test and post-test ads across different media like TV, print, and online.
The document summarizes India's import-export policies from independence to the present. It discusses why exports are important for India's economy, outlines objectives of India's Exim policies, and compares pre-1990s and post-1990s policies. Major changes included liberalizing imports in the 1990s, introducing annual then multi-year Exim policies, and providing various export incentives and import controls over time to balance trade. While exports have increased, India still faces large trade deficits due to rising imports of oil and other goods.
This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, motivation and communication. Post-testing involves tracking studies that monitor brand performance over time through measures like awareness, preference and attitudes. Various methods are used to pre-test and post-test ads across different media like TV, print and online.
The document discusses the foreign exchange market. It describes the market as consisting of two tiers - the interbank market for large transactions over $1 million and the retail market for smaller transactions. It identifies the major participants in the market as banks, corporations, individuals, speculators, arbitrageurs, and central banks. Spot transactions settle in two days while forward transactions settle at a future date at a pre-agreed exchange rate. Cross-rates can be used when one currency pair is not actively traded by calculating the rate using a third currency. Triangular arbitrage involves finding profitable simultaneous exchanges between three different currency pairs.
The engineering sector is the largest segment of the Indian industrial sector, employing over 4 million workers. It includes heavy engineering segments like metal products, machinery, automotive components, and transport equipment. Heavy engineering forms the majority and accounts for over 80% of total engineering production. India has a well-developed industrial base capable of manufacturing heavy and light engineering goods. While heavy engineering requires more capital for high-value, technologically advanced products, light engineering requires relatively lower capital for medium to low-tech products. Major players in the industry include BHEL, HAL, L&T, and Crompton Greaves. Engineering exports from India have grown steadily over time, reaching $60.1 billion in 2010-2011.
The document discusses financial services. It defines financial services as mobilizing and allocating savings through various financial activities. It notes that financial services are customer-oriented, intangible, require simultaneous performance by suppliers and consumers, are people-intensive due to the dominance of human elements, and are perishable since services cannot be inventoried. It outlines traditional financial activities like fund-based and non-fund based services as well as modern financial engineering activities.
This document provides an overview of conducting a feasibility analysis, preparing a project report, and developing a business plan for a new business venture. It discusses the key components of a feasibility analysis including market analysis, financial analysis, technical analysis, economic analysis, ecological analysis, and legal/administrative analysis. It also describes how to compile the findings of the feasibility analysis into a project report. The document outlines the process and requirements for registering a small-scale industry at both the provisional and permanent stages. Finally, it notes that a business plan serves as a roadmap for effectively starting a new business.
The document describes the different market segments offered by the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE). The three segments are: 1) the Wholesale Debt Market which provides trading of various debt securities; 2) the Capital Market which offers electronic trading of equity shares and other securities; and 3) the Futures and Options segment which provides trading in derivative instruments. It also provides some key facts about NSE such as its global rankings for trading volumes.
The document discusses creating effective advertising messages. It notes that message creation is a creative process that considers the target audience, media used, and product. Messages can be one-sided, presenting only one viewpoint, or two-sided, presenting two viewpoints and countering the opposing view. Well-structured messages include an appeal, value proposition, and slogan. Marketers test messages with focus groups for feedback before a campaign. Advertising research improves message effectiveness and can be customized or syndicated. Research includes pre-testing messages and post-testing campaigns.
This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, motivation, and the emotional impact. Post-testing also tracks brand metrics like awareness over time. Various methods are used to evaluate ads before and after airing.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information for audiences who can't afford TV or don't have time.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab the attention of passersby with terse, catchy messages.
3) Broadcast advertising includes TV, radio, and internet ads. TV ad costs depend on duration, broadcast time, and channel popularity.
4) Some types aim to educate or get around bans, like public service ads, surrogate ads that indirectly reference banned products, and covert ads embedded in entertainment. Celebrity endorsements also remain popular despite consumer skepticism.
The document discusses designing effective sales promotion campaigns. It provides steps such as setting sales goals and quotas, researching past promotions, defining the type of promotion, keeping it simple, using incentives like samples and coupons, promoting through multiple channels, and evaluating results. Outsourcing sales promotion can provide benefits like freeing up time for sales teams, but risks include undesirable results if vendors do not meet standards. Online promotions face challenges in generating awareness, motivating purchases, maintaining brand presence, and constantly reminding customers.
The document discusses various aspects of developing effective advertising messages, including:
1. It outlines factors to consider when creating an advertising message such as the target audience, media used, and product factors.
2. It discusses different types of rewards buyers seek from products including rational, sensory, social, and ego satisfaction benefits.
3. It provides examples of advertising messages and how they appeal to different types of rewards through result-of-use, product-in-use, and incidental-to-use experiences.
There are several types of media advertising including print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, and celebrity advertising. Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and fliers. Outdoor advertising uses billboards, kiosks, and events. Broadcast advertising is on television, radio, and the internet. Covert advertising subtly features brands in movies and TV. Surrogate advertising promotes related brands when direct advertising is banned. Public service advertising raises awareness for social causes. Celebrity advertising uses popular figures to endorse products.
The document discusses the design and execution of advertisements. It explains that an ad message should have three key characteristics: be meaningful, believable, and distinctive. It also outlines the major steps in selecting ad media: deciding on reach, frequency and impact; choosing major media types; selecting specific vehicles; and deciding on timing. The document then discusses creativity and the creative process, noting several models for the process including those by Osborn, Young, and Wallas that involve steps like orientation, preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
The document discusses creating effective advertising messages. It notes that message creation is a creative process that considers the target audience, media used, and product. Messages can be one-sided, presenting only one viewpoint, or two-sided, presenting two viewpoints and countering the opposing view. Well-structured messages include an appeal, value proposition, and slogan. Marketers test messages with focus groups for feedback before a campaign. Advertising research improves message effectiveness and can be customized or syndicated. Research includes pre-testing messages and post-testing campaigns.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab attention of passersby.
3) Broadcast advertising includes television, radio, and internet ads. Television ads are popular but costly depending on air time and channel popularity.
The document discusses designing effective sales promotion campaigns. Some key steps include: 1) Setting sales goals and quotas to develop the plan; 2) Researching past successful promotions to determine popular products; and 3) Defining the type of promotion and calculating inventory needs. Additional tips include keeping promotions simple, upselling with loss leaders, promoting through advertising and social media, and evaluating campaign results. Outsourcing sales promotion can provide benefits like freeing up staff time and gaining expertise, but may result in undesirable outcomes if vendors do not meet standards. Online promotion challenges include generating awareness of the brand and driving purchase behavior.
There are several types of media advertising including print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, and celebrity advertising. Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and fliers. Outdoor advertising uses billboards, booths, and events. Broadcast advertising is on television, radio, and the internet. Covert advertising subtly features brands in movies and TV. Surrogate advertising promotes related brands when direct advertising is banned. Public service advertising raises awareness for social causes. Celebrity advertising uses popular figures to endorse products.
The document discusses various aspects of developing effective advertising messages, including:
1. It outlines factors to consider when creating an advertising message such as the target audience, media used, and product factors.
2. It discusses different types of rewards buyers seek from products including rational, sensory, social, and ego satisfaction benefits.
3. It provides examples of advertising messages that appeal to different types of rewards through result-of-use, product-in-use, and incidental-to-use experiences.
The document describes the different market segments offered by the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE). The three segments are: 1) the Wholesale Debt Market which provides trading of various debt securities; 2) the Capital Market which offers electronic trading of equity shares and other securities; and 3) the Futures and Options segment which provides trading in derivative instruments. It also provides some key facts about NSE such as its global rankings for trading volumes.
The document discusses creating effective advertising messages. It notes that message creation is a creative process that considers the target audience, media used, and product. Messages can be one-sided, presenting only one viewpoint, or two-sided, presenting two viewpoints and countering the opposing view. Well-structured messages include an appeal, value proposition, and slogan. Marketers test messages with focus groups for feedback before a campaign. Advertising research improves message effectiveness and can be customized or syndicated. Research includes pre-testing messages and post-testing campaigns.
This document discusses different types of advertising research. There are two main types - customized research conducted specifically for a client, and syndicated research where results are available for multiple companies. Pre-testing is a form of customized research that predicts how well an ad will perform before it airs. It analyzes audience attention, brand awareness, motivation, and the emotional impact. Post-testing also tracks brand metrics like awareness over time. Various methods are used to evaluate ads before and after airing.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information for audiences who can't afford TV or don't have time.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab the attention of passersby with terse, catchy messages.
3) Broadcast advertising includes TV, radio, and internet ads. TV ad costs depend on duration, broadcast time, and channel popularity.
4) Some types aim to educate or get around bans, like public service ads, surrogate ads that indirectly reference banned products, and covert ads embedded in entertainment. Celebrity endorsements also remain popular despite consumer skepticism.
The document discusses designing effective sales promotion campaigns. It provides steps such as setting sales goals and quotas, researching past promotions, defining the type of promotion, keeping it simple, using incentives like samples and coupons, promoting through multiple channels, and evaluating results. Outsourcing sales promotion can provide benefits like freeing up time for sales teams, but risks include undesirable results if vendors do not meet standards. Online promotions face challenges in generating awareness, motivating purchases, maintaining brand presence, and constantly reminding customers.
The document discusses various aspects of developing effective advertising messages, including:
1. It outlines factors to consider when creating an advertising message such as the target audience, media used, and product factors.
2. It discusses different types of rewards buyers seek from products including rational, sensory, social, and ego satisfaction benefits.
3. It provides examples of advertising messages and how they appeal to different types of rewards through result-of-use, product-in-use, and incidental-to-use experiences.
There are several types of media advertising including print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, and celebrity advertising. Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and fliers. Outdoor advertising uses billboards, kiosks, and events. Broadcast advertising is on television, radio, and the internet. Covert advertising subtly features brands in movies and TV. Surrogate advertising promotes related brands when direct advertising is banned. Public service advertising raises awareness for social causes. Celebrity advertising uses popular figures to endorse products.
The document discusses the design and execution of advertisements. It explains that an ad message should have three key characteristics: be meaningful, believable, and distinctive. It also outlines the major steps in selecting ad media: deciding on reach, frequency and impact; choosing major media types; selecting specific vehicles; and deciding on timing. The document then discusses creativity and the creative process, noting several models for the process including those by Osborn, Young, and Wallas that involve steps like orientation, preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
The document discusses creating effective advertising messages. It notes that message creation is a creative process that considers the target audience, media used, and product. Messages can be one-sided, presenting only one viewpoint, or two-sided, presenting two viewpoints and countering the opposing view. Well-structured messages include an appeal, value proposition, and slogan. Marketers test messages with focus groups for feedback before a campaign. Advertising research improves message effectiveness and can be customized or syndicated. Research includes pre-testing messages and post-testing campaigns.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab attention of passersby.
3) Broadcast advertising includes television, radio, and internet ads. Television ads are popular but costly depending on air time and channel popularity.
The document discusses designing effective sales promotion campaigns. Some key steps include: 1) Setting sales goals and quotas to develop the plan; 2) Researching past successful promotions to determine popular products; and 3) Defining the type of promotion and calculating inventory needs. Additional tips include keeping promotions simple, upselling with loss leaders, promoting through advertising and social media, and evaluating campaign results. Outsourcing sales promotion can provide benefits like freeing up staff time and gaining expertise, but may result in undesirable outcomes if vendors do not meet standards. Online promotion challenges include generating awareness of the brand and driving purchase behavior.
There are several types of media advertising including print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, and celebrity advertising. Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and fliers. Outdoor advertising uses billboards, booths, and events. Broadcast advertising is on television, radio, and the internet. Covert advertising subtly features brands in movies and TV. Surrogate advertising promotes related brands when direct advertising is banned. Public service advertising raises awareness for social causes. Celebrity advertising uses popular figures to endorse products.
The document discusses various aspects of developing effective advertising messages, including:
1. It outlines factors to consider when creating an advertising message such as the target audience, media used, and product factors.
2. It discusses different types of rewards buyers seek from products including rational, sensory, social, and ego satisfaction benefits.
3. It provides examples of advertising messages that appeal to different types of rewards through result-of-use, product-in-use, and incidental-to-use experiences.