1. The document provides an overview of the basics of database systems including definitions of key terms, the objectives of the course, and the lecture contents. 2. It defines terms like data, information, database, metadata, and database management system. It also explains the differences between structured and unstructured data. 3. The document outlines the first chapter which will define terms, explain the growth and importance of databases, limitations of file processing, categories of databases, and advantages of databases. It will also describe the evolution of database systems.

1. MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

2. DATABASE SYSTEMS
(Lecture # 1)
Basic Concepts of Database Systems
Engr. Areeb Ahmed Mir
(Lecturer)
Date: 22 Nov 2021

3. LECTURE CONTENTS
1. Course Information
2. Objectives of the Course
3. Data & Information
4. Key concepts
Database Systems 3

4. COURSE INFORMATION
Text Book Name: Modern Database Management
Author: Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott
Edition: 12th or Higher
Reference Material:
1. Database System Concepts, 6th Edition by Avi Silberschatz, Henry F.
Korth and S. Sudarshan
2. Database Systems: The Complete Book, 2nd Edition by Hector Garcia-
Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman, Jennifer Widom
3. Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and
Management, 6th Edition by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg
Database Systems 4

5. COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain fundamental database concepts
2. Design conceptual, logical and physical database schemas using
different data models
3. Identify functional dependencies and resolve database anomalies by
normalizing database tables
4. Use Structured Query Language (SQL) for database definition and
manipulation in any DBMS
Database Systems 5

6. CHAPTER 1
The Database Environment
• Definition of terms
• Explain growth and importance of databases
• Name limitations of conventional file processing
• Identify five categories of databases
• Explain advantages of databases
• Identify costs and risks of databases
• List components of database environment
• Describe evolution of database systems
Database Systems 6

7. • Data: Stored representations of meaningful objects (like maps, photos,
sound, video), facts and events
• For Example: Customer Name, Telephone No, address etc.
• Structured: These are stored in Tabular (table) form. Their data types are
numbers, text, dates
• Unstructured: Images, video, documents
• Information: Data processed to increase knowledge of the person
using the data.
• For Example: Consider the following facts/data:
• Baker, Kenneth D. 324917628, Doyle, 47610
• In above form data is useless.
DEFINITIONS
Database Systems 7

8. • By placing data in a context and providing some structure, it helps the users to
understand data
CONVERTING DATA TO INFORMATION
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9. • Another way to convert data into information is to
• Summarize them or process and present them for human interpretation
• Graphical displays turn data into useful information that managers can use for decision making and
interpretation
SUMMARIZED DATA
Database Systems 9

10. • Database: Organized collection of logically related data
• For Example: A salesperson may contain a small database of Customer
contacts on his/her laptop
• Metadata: Data that describes the properties, characteristics and
context (background, purpose) of end user data
• Data only become useful when placed in some context
• The process for providing context for data is metadata
• See the diagram on next page
DEFINITIONS
Database Systems 10

11. METADATA
Database Systems 11
•Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types, data
definition (description), field sizes, allowable values
• Data context including source of data, where the data is stored, ownership, usage etc

12. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Database Systems 12
• A software system that is used to create, maintain and provide
controlled access to user databases
• A very large, integrated collection of data
• Models real-world enterprise.
• Entities (e.g., students, courses)
• Relationships (e.g., Madonna is taking CS564)
• A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package
designed to store and manage databases

13. DATA MODELS
Database Systems 13
• Graphical systems used to capture the nature and relationships
among data
• Various graphical systems exist that convey database structure and
are used to produce data models that can be understood by end
users

14. • Modern Database Management, 12th Edition by Jeffrey A. Hoffer,
Mary B. Prescott.
REFERENCES
Database Systems 14

15. THANKS