The document discusses the integration of test-driven approaches into model-driven software development to enhance model quality and, consequently, software quality. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration between developers and testers in creating and validating design models, advocating for the involvement of quality engineers in this process. Additionally, it highlights that modern modeling tools can support these methodologies but require a shift in mindset among modelers for effective implementation.

1. From Model-Driven Testing
to Test-Driven Modelling
Dr. Darius Silingas
Principal Consultant @ No Magic

2. What Is this Session About?
Disclaimer: I am not and have never been a Software Tester
… but I have worked with a lot of software testers
… and I know that a tester can figure out the bugs
… but a developer has to fix them
… and he can prevent them by using test-driven approach
This session is about installing testing approach into software
modelling activities for getting better quality models and thus
better quality software based on those models
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3. Prerequisites
This is an advanced session, which assumes that you have:
 A basic understanding of Model Driven Development
 A basic understanding of Test Driven Development
 A desire to build better quality software 
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4. Towards Synergy of Trends
 Improve MDA with Agile practices
 Raise the level of abstraction for Agile practices 4
AGILE Development
Test Driven
Development
Model Driven Testing Test Driven Modelling

5. Eating Your Own Dog Food
Let’s practice example/test-driven approach and learn the
principles of Test Driven Modelling by analyzing how to apply
it to a small example system MagicTest.
MagicTest provides functionality for a teacher to create test
questions, group them into a test and assign it to the class
that he is teaching. The students of that classes make
assessments of the test that are automatically evaluated.
5

6. System Layers
User Interface
6
Business Logic
Data Layer

7. Data Architecture
7
MagicTest Data Structure
SelectionAsnwer
ClosedQuestion
OpenQuestion
AnswerOption
Assessment
InputAnswer
TestState
Question
Answer
Test
MagicTest
MagicUniversity Data Structure
UniversityMember
AcademicRole
ClassState
Teacher
Student
Course
Class
MagicUniversity

8. MagicUniversity Data Structures
8
name : String [1]
cv : String [1]
title : String
Teacher
start : date [1]
end : date [1]
Class
name : String [1]
year : Integer [1]
Student
title : String [1]
code : String [1]
description : String [1]
credits : Integer [1]
Course
teacher 1
0..*
subject
1 0..*
0..*
prerequisites
0..*
supervisor 1
0..*
participants 1..*
0..*
 How do I know if this data structure is suitable?

9. Representative Data Sample
9 A sample shows inconsistency with data structure

10. What Can We Do When Sample Violates Data Structure
1. Fix data structure (sample is good, structure was wrong)
2. Fix data sample (sample is wrong, structure was good)
 Use invalid sample in testing for ensuring that such cases are not
allowed and handled appropriately in the system
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11. MagicUniversity Data Structures
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name : String [1]
cv : String [1]
title : String
Teacher
start : date [1]
end : date [1]
Class
name : String [1]
year : Integer [1]
Student
title : String [1]
code : String [1]
description : String [1]
credits : Integer [1]
Course
teacher 1
0..*
subject
1 0..*
0..*
prerequisites
0..*
supervisor 1
0..*
participants 1..*
0..*
 Decision: Enable multiple supervisors
1..*

12. Representative Data Sample
12 A sample is now in sync with data structure

13. Build Bigger Representative Samples
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 A data designer should prepare it along with data structure
 Testers should take over with creating variations

14. System Layers
User Interface
14
Business Logic
Data Layer

15. Modelling Business Logic in UML
Identifying business logic services as UML components
Modeling interaction scenarios as UML sequence diagrams
• The operations of business components can be created as needed
• New necessary service components can be created as needed
• JUnit tests or their skeletons can be generated from interaction
scenarios
15 UML tools support these scenarios quite well

16. Modelling Interaction Scenario at Business Logic Layer
16 Service operations are discovered based on scenarios
+startTestAssessment()
+submitAnswer()
+finishTestAssessment()
-evaluateTestAssessment()
«component»
TestAssessmentService
+getQuestion()
«component»
TestManagementService
Take Test Assessment Take Test Assessmentinteraction [ ]
: TestAssessmentService : TestManagementService
getQuestion()2:
question14:
getQuestion()6:
question28:
evaluateTestAssessment()10:
evaluation11:
question13:
question27:
submitAnswer()5:
finishTestAssessment()9:
startTestAssessment()1:
...
«component»
TestManagementService
...
«component»
TestAssessmentService

17. System Layers
User Interface
17
Business Logic
Data Layer

18. GUI Modelling in UML
GUI structure can be captured in UML class or composite
structure diagrams
 Modern modelling tools typically provide graphical rendering to enable
better presentation for users and GUI designers/analysts
1. Identify abstract GUI screens as UML classes
2. Build abstract GUI navigation schema as UML state machine
3. Build a story board GUI sample set as UML instance
specifications for validating GUI design with data samples
 Reuse data for GUI samples from data design (or vice versa)
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19. GUI Navigation Schema
19 How do I know it is suitable?
TestAssessmentWindow
StudentProfile UserDetails
TestResultsWindow
Authorized
submit login infoexit /
LoginDialog
OK
GetTestResults
EditData
OK
Finish
at (timeout)
TakeTest
all [session expired][login incorrect] / show error msg
[password expired] / show change password fields
[password not expired]
Login
Quit
Start
[login correct]

20. Building GUI-Based Story Board Model (1)
20 Validates both navigation schema and screen structures
Profile
Edit Data
Get Test Results
Logout
Title:
Status:
Active:
Breaks:
Time Limit:
Instructions:
Magic Test
2009-05-25 - 2009-06-06
4
60
Active
None
Java Test (Advanced)
Magic Test
UML Test (Advanced)
UML Test (Beginner)
Take Test

21. Building GUI-Based Story Board Model (2)
21 Validates both navigation schema and screen structures
MagicTest: UML Basics
Question 2 Question 3 ... Question 10Question 1
How many standard diagram types does UML 2 define?
9
13
Pause Test < Back< Back Next > Finish Test
11Progress / 10

22. Building GUI-Based Story Board Model (3)
22 Validates both navigation schema and screen structures
Evaluation
Start:
End: 2009-05-29
2009-05-28 Taken Breaks:
Time elapsed (in Minutes): 17
0
Grade:
You finished the test quite well. You've made only 2 mistakes.
Keep it this way and you will finish other tests also.
Maybe even better if you concentrate a little bit more and
take more time for thinking about the questions.
8
Finish

23. Lessons Learned
1. Conceptual mistakes in design models can be found early by
validating it with example/test models
2. Quality engineers need to be involved in collaborative
modelling together with developers
 Developers should produce essential example models
 Testers should take over with creating variations for a better
coverage of error-prone situations
3. Example/test-driven modelling enables achieving a better
quality of model-driven software by testing design models
early
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24. Towards Practicing Test Driven Modelling
Tool aspect: Modelling tools like MagicDraw already provide partial support for
test-driven modelling – they are not a show stopper
Human aspect: Test-driven modelling requires a
change in modeller’s mindset for enabling
more mature modelling culture
Action point: bring these ideas back to your organisations and
see if you can influence a change
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25. The End
Thank You for the attention!
Any Questions???
Let’s Keep in Touch:
E-mail: darius.silingas@nomagic.com
Skype: darius.silingas
Get connected at LinkedIn social network
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