Cucumber: Automating the Requirements Language You Already Speak

Automating the Requirements
Language You Already Speak
Ben Mabey
@bmabey

Developer Tester

Product Manager
Designer/UX

56% of all bugs are introduced in
requirements. (CHAOS Report)

45% of functionality is never used

Only 20% makes up core
functionality that is “Always” or
“Often” used.

Feature
Devotion
Text
Placing emphasis on
features instead of
overall outcome
http://martinfowler.com/bliki/FeatureDevotion.html

t bu yer
imp atien
A s an y se arch
t to refi ne m
I wan dw hat
that I ca n fin
So
ant qui ckly
Iw

As an impatient buyer
I want to reﬁne my search
So that I can ﬁnd what I want quickly

Feature: Advanced Search
I want to reﬁne my search
So that I can ﬁnd what I want quickly

Scenario: title
Given [Context]
When [Action]
Then [Expected Outcome]

Scenario: title
Given [Context]
And [More Context]
When [Action]
And [Other Action]
Then [Expected Outcome]
But [Unexpected Outcome]

Scenario: search by director
Given the store has movies directed
by “Steven Spielberg”
When I search for “Steven Spielberg”
Then I should see all of the movies
directed by “Steven Spielberg”

Scenario: no results
Given the store has no movies
directed by “Steven Spielberg”
When I search for “Steven Spielberg”
Then I should see “Sorry, but no
movies were found”

Given movies directed by "Steven Spielberg" are
in stock
When I search for "Spielberg" under "Director"
Then I the search results should be "E.T., and Jaws"

Step Tables
Then I should see the following table:


I only want to change
the search query and
results part...

Background
Feature: Account Profile

Scenario: change password success
Given I'm logged in
...

Scenario: update contact info
Given I'm logged in
...

Background
Feature: Account Profile

Background:
Given I'm logged in

...

Scenario: update contact info
...

Multi-Line String
Steps
Scenario: register successfully
Given I am on on the registration page
When I sign up as "Jojo Binks"
Then I should receive the following email:
"""
Thanks for signing up Jojo!

Important information about here.
"""

# language: ja
:

2

   : 2
< 1>
     < 2>
     < >
     < >

   :
    | 1 | 2 | | |
    | 20 | 30 | add | 50 |
    | 2 | 5 | add | 7 |
    | 0 | 40 | add | 40 |

uyer
patient b
As an im ine my search
ref
I want to find wha
t
can
So that I
kly
Iw ant quic

patient b
uyer
As an im ine my search
Given...
I want to
ref
find wha
t When...
So that I
Iw
can
ant quic
kly Then...

project_root/
|
`-- features
|-- awesomeness.feature
|-- greatest_ever.feature

project_root/
|
`-- features
`-- support
|-- env.rb
`-- other_helpers.rb

Step Deﬁnition

Given /^a widget$/ do
Given a widget #codes go here
end

When /^I search by director for "([^"]*)"$/ do |director|
end

Regexp Capture -> Yielded Variable

end

  visit advanced_search_path
  fill_in "By Director", :with => director
  click_button "Search"
end

Webrat, Webdriver, Watir, etc..

end

[Given(@"^I search by director for "([^"]*)"$")]
public void searchDirector(String director) {
}

http://wiki.github.com/richardlawrence/Cuke4Nuke/

Gherkin Ragel

C, C++, Ruby, Java, .net, etc,

Gherkin Ragel

C, C++, Ruby, Java, .net, etc,
http://specﬂow.org/

http://wiki.github.com/aslakhellesoy/cuke4duke/

end

@When("Î search by director for "([^"]*)"$")
public void searchDirector(String director) {
}

When("Î search by director for "([^"]*)"$"{ String d ->
}

(When #"Î search by director for "([^"]*)"$"
(fn [director] ))

When("Î search by director for "([^"]*)"$"{ d: String =>
}

Uhh... this just seems
like more work for me.

You know where to begin and end.

Yo

You know when you broke something.

UI/UX
View
Controller
Model

Next set of slides stolen from
Aslak Hellesøy, creator of
http://www.slideshare.net/aslak.hellesoy/cuke4duke-javazone-2009

Feature: code-breaker submits guess
In order to make time pass when I'm alone
As a player
I want to play the against a machine

Scenario: all correct
Given the secret code is "r g y c"
When I guess "r g y c"
Then the mark should be "bbbb"

$ gem install cucumber
$ cucumber features

<repositories>
<repository>
<id>cukes</id>
<url>http://cukes.info/maven</url>
</repository>
</repositories>

<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>cukes</id>
<url>http://cukes.info/maven</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>cuke4duke</groupId>
<artifactId>cuke4duke</artifactId>
<version>0.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.picocontainer</groupId>
<artifactId>picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>2.8.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<plugin>
<groupId>cuke4duke</groupId>
<artifactId>cuke4duke-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<jvmArgs>
<jvmArg>
-Dcuke4duke.objectFactory=
cuke4duke.internal.java.PicoFactory
</jvmArg>
</jvmArgs>
<cucumberArgs>
<cucumberArg>${basedir}/src/test/java</cucumberArg>
</cucumberArgs>
<gems>
<gem>install cuke4duke --version x.y.x</gem>
</gems>
</configuration>
</plugin>

$ mvn integration-test
-Dcucumber.installGems=true

As a player

Scenario: all correct # features/c..s.feature:6
Given the secret code is "r g y c" # features/c..s.feature:7
When I guess "r g y c" # features/c..s.feature:8
Then the mark should be "bbbb" # features/c..s.feature:9

1 scenario (1 undefined)
3 steps (3 undefined)
0m0.076s

You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these
snippets:

@Given("^the secret code is "([^"]*)"$")
@Pending
public void theSecretCodeIsRGYC_(String arg1) {
}

@When("^I guess "([^"]*)"$")
@Pending
public void iGuessRGYC_(String arg1) {
}

@Then("^the mark should be "([^"]*)"$")
@Pending
public void theMarkShouldBeBbbb_(String arg1) {
}

package codebreaker;
import cuke4duke.*;

public class CodeBreakerSteps {
@Pending
public void theSecretCodeIs(String code) {
}

@When("^I guess "([^"]*)"$")
@Pending
public void iGuess(String guess) {
}

@Then("^the mark should be "([^"]*)"$")
@Pending
public void theMarkShouldBe(String mark) {
}
}


As a player

Given the secret code is "r g y c" # public void theS..(..)
TODO (Cucumber::Pending)
f../c..s.feature:7:in `Given the secret code is "r g y c"'
When I guess "r g y c" # public void iGue..(..)
Then the mark should be "bbbb" # public void theM..(..)

1 scenario (1 pending)
3 steps (2 skipped, 1 pending)
0m0.079s

# public void codebreaker.GameSteps
.theSecretCodeIs(java.lang.String)



}

public class GameSteps {
private Game game;

game = new Game(code);
}
}

Compilation failure

src/test/java/codebreaker/
CodeBreakerSteps.java:[6,12] cannot find symbol
symbol : class Game
location: class codebreaker.CodeBreakerSteps

package codebreaker;

public class Game {
public Game(String code) {
}
}


As a player

TODO (Cucumber::Pending)
f../c..s.feature:8:in `When I guess "r g y c"'

1 scenario (1 pending)
3 steps (1 skipped, 1 pending, 1 passed)
0m0.112s


As a player


1 scenario (1 passed)
3 steps (3 passed)
0m0.121s

Scenario: all correct
When I guess "r g y c"
Then the mark should be "bbbb"

Scenario: 2 wrong pos, 2 correct
When I guess "r g c y"
Then the mark should be "bbww"


org.junit.ComparisonFailure: expected:<bb[bb]> but
was:<bb[ww]> (NativeException)
codebreaker/CodeBreakerSteps.java:20:in `theMarkShouldBe'
features/codebreaker_submits_guess.feature:14:in `Then
the mark should be "bbww"'

1 scenario (1 failed, 1 passed)
3 steps (1 failed, 3 passed)
0m0.121s

@store @lucene
...

@wip
...

@proposed @pending_ui
Scenario: items not carried
...

@nightly
Scenario: long running
...

@third_party
Scenario: search Amazon
...

@store @lucene
...

@wip
Tag Exclusion
...

cucumber --tags ~@proposed
Scenario: items not carried
...

@nightly
...

@third_party
...

@store @lucene
...

@wip
...

Scenario: items --tags @wip:2
cucumber not carried --wip
...

@nightly
...

@third_party
...

@store @lucene
...

@wip Limit scenarios in ﬂow
...

...

@nightly
...

@third_party
...

@store @lucene
...

@wip Limit scenarios in ﬂow
...

...

@nightly
Expect failure - Success == Failure
...

@third_party
...

Hooks
Before do
end

After do |scenario|
end

World do
end

World(MyModule)
World(HerModule)

Tagged Hooks
Before('@im_special', '@me_too') do
@icecream = true
end

@me_too Feature: Sit
Feature: Lorem @im_special
Scenario: Ipsum Scenario: Amet
Scenario: Dolor Scenario: Consec

Acceptance Tests
==
End-to-End?

Slow Integrated

Fast Isolated

Slow Integrated

HtmlUnit
V8

Fast Isolated

Dead
er
t ient buy
As an impa m y search
I want to refine t
find wha
So that I can
y
I wan t quickl

D
PR

Dead Living
I want to refine my search
So that I can find what I want quickly
er Given the following movies are in stock:
t ient buy
an impa
As m y search | Jaws | Steven Spielberg | 1975 |

I want to refine t

find wha

that I can
So y When I search for "<Director Query>" under "Director"

I wan t quickl Then I the search results should be "<Search Results>"

Examples:

D | Lucas | Star Wars |

PR


Given movies directed by "Steven Spielberg" are in stock
When I search by director for "Spielberg"
Then I should see all of the movies directed by "Steven Spielberg"

Declarative
When I search by director for "Spielberg"

Imperative
And I am on the "Advanced Search" page
When I fill in "Spielberg" for "Director"
And press "Submit"

Imperative
And I am on the "Advanced Search" page
When I fill in "Spielberg" for "Director"
And press "Submit"

I like it! I actually know
how a user can use it!

Scenario: successful login
Given I'm on the login page
When I fill in "jimmy" for "Login"
And fill in "password" for "Password"
And click "Login"
Then I should see "Welcome back jimmy!"

And click "Login"

And click "Login"
When I click "Change Password"
Incidental Details

Given I'm logged in
When I click "Change Password" Hide the noise!

Resources
http://cukes.info
http://wiki.github.com/aslakhellesoy/cuke4duke/
http://blog.dannorth.net/whats-in-a-story/
http://blog.josephwilk.net/ruby/rocket-fuelled-cucumbers.html
http://benmabey.com/2008/05/19/imperative-vs-
declarative-scenarios-in-user-stories.html

Thanks!
BenMabey.com
github.com/bmabey
Twitter: bmabey

Cucumber: Automating the Requirements Language You Already Speak

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