The document summarizes the development of concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. It states that CSP has significant potential to transform the energy system by providing renewable energy at scale. It then outlines the history and growth of CSP from 1984-2014, with installed capacity growing from 354 MW to 4.5 GW. It also predicts continued growth, with the world reaching 260 GW by 2030 and 983 GW by 2050. The document discusses the two main CSP technologies and the importance of thermal energy storage. It highlights Spain's leadership in CSP development from 2008-2013 and the Basque Country's role in supplying the Spanish industry.

1. Gemasolar Plant, owned by Torresol Energy, developed by SENER
©SENER

2. 1984
1990
2006 2007 20082009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2014
14
354 367 441 488 560
1.300
2.768
3.425
4.485
Keys to Thermoelectric Solar Power (Concentrated Solar Power, CSP)
Development of LCOE in CSP plants until 2050
Development of the installed capacity
of thermoelectric solar energy
(MW,1984-2014)
Solar thermal power has huge potential for transforming the world energy system into one with a greater contribution from
renewableenergy.
Source:IEA *Compound Annual GrowthRate
Solar thermal power is a key alternative in configuring a renewable mix that is both efficient
and low in CO2 emissions.
It is estimated that the LCOE (Levelised Cost of Electricity) at the CSP plants will decrease at
an average annual rate of around 2.5% until 2050.
Wich…
• Is subject to price volatility of fossil fuels.
• Is a significant source of air pollution.
• Is one of the main causes of climate
change.
And needs to…
• Reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
• Reinforce the social and institutional commitment to
advance towards renewable energy and more
efficient ways of using energy.
• Diversify sources of energy and increase their
efficiency in order to prevent greenhouse gas
emissions.
After two decades under
development, installedpower
has soared in the last 5 years,
reaching 4.5 GW in 2014.
TACC*
2009 -2014
52%
0
50
100
150
200
250
1.758
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Minimum
Average
Maximum
2
$USD/MWh

3. Predictions for CSP installed capacity
by geographical area in 2030 (GW)
geographical area in 2050 (GW)
Source:IEA
So
• It is estimated that the world installed capacity in 2030 will be 260 GW with
annual increases of more than 15 GW and average annual growth rates of 28%.
• According to predictions, the United States will hold the top position,
overtaking the European Union and, in particular, Spain, which does not have
great expectations for development.
• India, Chile and China will be forcefully incorporated into the CSP, while African
countries like Morocco and South Africa now have ambitious development
plans.
• Important developments are scheduled in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Israel, Jordan, Australia and others.)
Predictions for CSP installed capacity by
In 2050 an installed capacity of 983 GW of CSP is estimated in the world. Almost
27 GW installed annually over the whole period 2013-2050, with average
annual growth rates of 9.7%.
Development has been focused on Spain and the United States.
In the medium term, new markets are opening with great prospects for growth
Others,71
India,186
Africa,147
Middle
East,204
United
States,
229
European China, 118
Union,28
3
0
20 40 60
80
100
Others
China
India
Africa
Middle East
United States
EuropeanUnion
2013
2030
Source:IEA

4. Two commercially proven technologies
Parabolic trough plants (PTP), CCP Central tower plants (solar tower plants)
• Uses parabolic mirrors to concentrate the solar radiation into a linear tube.
• Has thermal energystorage.
• High level of maturity, operating experience, modularity and a large number
of suppliers. 90% of the installed capacity of CSP corresponds to this
technology.
• The majority of the plants in operation have an installed capacity of
between 14-200 MW and a level of efficiency of 14-16%.
Core elements of the CCP technology
• ReceiverPipe.Afluidcirculatesinside(syntheticoil,moltensalt)
which isheatedbytheconcentratedsolarradiation.
• Parabolicmirrors.Parabolic-shapedmirrorswhichconcentratethe
solar radiationintothereceiverpipe.
• SupportStructures.Metalstructureswhichsupportthemirrors
and receiverpipes.
• HydraulicDrive.Hydraulicmechanismssothatthemirrorstrack
the sun.
• PowerBlock.Wherethecapturedsolarenergyisconverted
into electricity.
4
©SENER ©SENER
• Concentrates the solar radiation at a receiver point located at the highest
part of a tower.
• Allows operation at higher temperatures and therefore greater output
and more cost-effective storage.
• Has a high net conversion rate of solar energy into electrical energy.
Main components of tower technology
• Heliostats. Surfaces of mirrors supported on a structure,
which reflect solar radiation towards the receiver.
• Tower. Tall concrete or steel structure, with the receiver of the
solar radiation reflected by the heliostats, installed at its
highest point.
• Receiver. Solar radiation receiver, inside of which a fluid
(molten salts, water/steam) circulates that is heated by the
concentrated solarradiation.
• Power Block. Where the captured solar energy is converted
into electricity.

5. • The storage of thermal energy captured during the day using
molten salt systems for its subsequent use enables electricity
generation to be adapted to the needs of demand and
facilitates the implementation of solar energy.
• Allows the level of use in the CCP plants to exceed
40%.
• Improves energy efficiency as a
whole.
• Reduces the relative cost per unit of energy
produced.
• Improves the operating conditions of the plant; fewer start/stop
cycles and more hours of operation.
• Enables the safe, predictable and programmable dispatch of
electricity.
• Provides robustness to the whole grid, a key step which increases
the weight of renewable energy for the whole network.
Thermal storage. A key factor of solar thermal power
5
Power island tower plants with molten salt storage.
©SENER ©SENER

6. • Development of many of these plants has been led by Basque Country
companies and they all rely on engineering and supplies from Basque
companies.
Development of solar thermal power in Spain from 2008 to 2013
6
MUNITY
ALENCIA:
r Plants:1
50
EXTREMADURA:
Power Plants: 17
MW:850
Lleida CATALONIA:
Power Plants: 1
MW:23
MURCIA:
Power Plants: 2
MW: 31
COM
Cáceres X 6
CASTILLA-LA MANCHA: OFV
Power Plants: 7 Powe
MW: 350 MW:
adajoz X 11 CiudadReal
ANDALUSIA:
Power Plants: 22
MW:1.000
Cadiz X2
Seville X11
B
Alicante
Córdoba X 6
Granada X 3
Andalusia
44%
Extremadura
34%
C. - LaMancha
14%
Murcia
4%
Comm. ofValencia
2%
Catalonia
2%
Andalusia
44%
Extremadura
37%
C. - LaMancha
15%
Comm.of Valencia
2%
Murcia
1%
Catalonia
1%
Source: “Concentrating Solar Power Projects”, NREL; Protermosolar; IBC analysis
50 2.304 MW
BasqueCountry
• In Spain, 50 plants have been put into operation with an installed
power of 2,304 MW, located in 6 Autonomous Communities, mainly in
Andalusia (22) and Extremadura (17).

7. Source: General view of the Basque Energy Cluster
world-leading company such as SENER have enabled the set up of a
dynamic and competitive business network covering the whole value
chain of solar thermal power.
• In spite of the fact that, due to the climatic conditions, it has no CSP
plants, it is estimated that the Basque Country has 20% of the direct
jobs in the solar thermal power value chain in Spain.
• Basque CSP companies are prepared to actively participate in the
expected growth and development of this type of technology at
global level in the years to come.
The Basque Country has a powerful industrial sector in solar thermal power
7
Growth
of 36.3%
since 2008 A peak of
more than 1,600
employees in 2011
Peak of
126 employees
in 2014 with
1.5% growth since
2008
Turnover
318.9
million
Employment
for 1,253
people
Investment
in R&D
25.2
million
Peak of
27 million
in 2011
Employment
in R&D
of 120
people
CSP sector activity in the Basque Country. Average 2008-2014
• The extraordinary development of CSP in Spain and the presence of a
©SENER

8. Products and services of the concentrated solar thermal power value chain
Promotion Design and
Engineering
Technological Development
Installation and
commissioning
Manufacture of systems,
equipment andcomponents
Operation and
maintenance
8
Preliminary
studies
Promotion
Businessmodels
Plant
• Project management
• Civil engineering
• Design of electricity
evacuation
Systems
• Conceptual design
and study
• Componentdesign
• Mechanical engineering
• Electrical engineering
• Electronic engineering
• Simulation
• Solarfield
• Parabolic mirrors
• Receiver / absorber
pipe
• Supportstructure
• Hydraulicdrives
• Heliostats
• Central tower
• Heat carrier fluid
• Storage System
• Pipes, valves and hydraulic
pumps
• Temperature sensors
• Moltensalts
• Exchangers
• Power block
• Turbine
• Generator
• Condenser
• Protection, control and
metering
• Evacuation line and substation
• Construcción de
plantas llave en mano
(EPC)
• Instalación de los
elementos del
campo solar
• Obra civil
terrestre
• Instalación
eléctrica
• Otras actividades
auxiliares a la puesta
en marcha
• Equipo auxiliar en
tareas de
instalación
�Testing and certification
�R&D and engineering
services
�Consultancyservices
�Ancillary
services
�Training
• Operating
services
• Inspection, repair
and maintenance
services
• Optimisation of
plant performance
• Simulation and
management
systems

9. 9
Companies in the Basque Country solar thermal value chain
Promotion Design and
Engineering
Installation and
commissioning
Manufacture of systems,
equipment andcomponents
Operation and
maintenance
Technological Development

10. A complete science and technology system specialising in solar thermal power
10
• Improvement of high temperature solar collectors
through developmentof:
• New coatings (selective, reflective, self-cleaning, etc.)
• New heat carrier fluids and thermal storage systems.
• Improvement of thermoelectric plants (control of HTFs, control
and communications systems for autonomous heliostats, etc.)
• Development of new configurations and
components (trackers, receivers,
heliostats, etc.)
Stirling Engines for solar applications
• Basicresearch:
• Materials for sensible heat storage
• Materials for latent heat storage
• Materials for thermochemical heat storage
• System research:
• Modelling and
simulation
• Basic research into the field of nanoscale materials with important fields of application in the energy sector
and especially in energystorage.
• Training of scientists, engineers and highly qualified staff in the energy sector and related fields.
• Basic and applied research in the field of materials science and engineering.
Research Centres
Universities
• High temperature thermal storage:
• Design, synthesis and characterisation of storage
materials and fluids.
• Validation of material containers.
• Simulations of fluid mechanics, design of heat
exchangers.
• Small scale solar thermal power, solar fields for
medium temperature applications (100-300 ºC).
• Solar fields, collectors and heliostats.
• Newcoatings.
• Solar tracking systems and advanced communications.
• TRNSYS simulation, ray tracing, fluid mechanics, thermal
and mechanical etc.
• Materials and components for high temperature solar
thermal power (>1000 ºC): corrosion, abrasion, erosion, new
protective coatings,etc.

11. An ecosystem of research centres and companies working jointly on extensive
projects and market projection
11
Etorgai Programme
BasqueGovernment
Etorgai Programme
BasqueGovernment
2020
Definition and demonstration of low-cost solutions for
large central tower solar thermal plants. Including new
concepts of central receivers, heliostat pointing
mechanisms, manufacturing and assembly processes,
etc.
Terrestrial robot moving inside a loop during the experiments.
MANIBOTproject.
TC-GRAN
Stand-alone cogeneration and renewable energy
storage system, based on Stirling thermoelectric
generation technology and Redox flow battery storage.
SISTIREX
Water Saving for Solar Concentrated Power.
Improvement of the environmental profile of CSP
technology - CSP plants with reduced water
consumption for cleaning the reflective surfaces and
forcooling.
HorizonProgramme
WASCOP
Mobile robots for inspection and maintenance
activities in extensive industrial plants. Application to
solar thermal power plants.
MAINBOT EUFP7
Programme
CAPTURE
Development of new technologies in the fields of solar
thermoelectric energy and grid integration.
EUROSUNMED
Novel Insulating Shield for Concentrating Solar Tower
Receivers. Materials and design concepts for high
temperature solar thermal power. Transfer of special
technologies for land-based uses.
CSTR SHIELD
ESA Programme
Technology Demonstrators
Development of competitive central receiver
technology.
HorizonProgramme
2020
GEET-AE
New concept for the generation of high efficiency solar
thermal electrical power.
INNOTEK-INTEK-
BERRI
7th EUFramework
Programme
STAGE_STE
Scientific and technological cooperationin concentrated
solar thermalenergy.
7th EUFramework
ProgrammeTechnology for generating thermo-electric solar energy
on a small scale with sustainable management through
hybridisation with biomass and thermal storage.
Challenge Programme
Cooperation2014

12. Promotedby:
Cluster de EnergÍa del PaÍs Vasco
Basque EnergyCluster
Edificio Albia I - 2a Plta.
S. Vicente, 8. 48001 Bilbao
Tel. +34 94 424 02 11
mail@clusterenergia.com www.clusterenergia.com
Parque Tecnológicode San Sebastián
MikeletegiPasealekua,2
Donostia-SanSebastián
+34 946 430850
info@tecnalia.info
Parque Tecnológico210
Zamudio
+34 944522003
comercial@ziv.es
BarrioSagarribai,2
Amurrio
+34 945897108
inquiry.comercial@
tubosreunidos.com
ParqueEmpresarial Abra
Industrials/n
Ortuella
+34 944970036
tecuni@tecuni.com
C/Albert Einstein31 Torrea Auz oa,2. Parque Tecnológicode Álava, c/Rodríguez Arias,28-30 Ctra. Bilbao-Galdácano,11-13
Miñano Igorre Albert Einstein48 Bilbao Bilbao
+34 945214110 +34 94 630 5000 Edif CIC Miñano +34 944899100 +34 944116500
comercial.iberica@aegps.com www.batz.com +34 945 29 7108 elecnor@elecnor.es info@eldu.com
blatierro@cicenergigune.com
Polígono Industrial Itziar, Urresolo,47 Pº del Circuito10 San Blas s/n Apdo.131 Aita Gotzon,37 Pol. Ind.l Trobika, Martinetxe Ambrosio de losHeros
15, Deba Etxebarria Lasarte-Oria Bergara Urduliz Bidea, 4 LasCarreras
943 85 2600 +34 946167732 +34 943 376400 +34 943 769016 +34 944316658 Munguia +34 94 670 9816
intza@intza.com igarai@isoleika.es jema@jema.es lazpiur@lazpiur.com lointek@lointek.com +34 946159100 administracion@miesasa.com
mesa@schneider-electric.com
Bº Landeta C/ Orendaundi,7 Avda. Zugazarte56 Av. de Tolosa76 Alda. Urquijo 80, oficinas
Azpeitia LasArenas Donostia - San Sebastián Bilbao
+34 943 15 7088 +34 944817500 +34 943 57 4000 +34 94 454 3333
sarralle@sarralle.com del.industrial@sener.es info@simune.eu eingunza@soverincontrol.com
Calle Orendaundi5 Pab. 7, Olaberria, Apdo. Avda. San Adrián,48 Ribera de Axpe5 Avda. Lehendakari Aguirre, 3,4º Polígono Industrial Azitain, 3, 2º- 11 Parque TecnológicoEdificio 106
Azpeitia 84 Beasain Bilbao Erandio Bilbao Eibar Zamudio
+34 943 15 7015 +34 943 162020 +34 94.466.37.99 +34 913 83 3180 +34 944016405 +34 943820350 +34 944039800
energy@glual.es hinerenovables@hine.es distribución@iberdrola.es tsca@iberdrola.es info@idom.com info@ik4.es ingeteam@ingeteam.com
Ribera de Axpe47
Erandio
+34 944356550
tamoin@tamoin.com
Donostia Ibilbidea,70 Parc.5,6
Astigarraga
+34 943 33 33 11
ventas@eremu.es
C. Plaza del Gas, 1
Barcelona
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eficienciaenergetica
@gasanturalfenosa.c
om
Pº Jose Mª Arizmendiarrieta nº 5
Mondragón
+34 943 779300
info@mondragoncorporation.com
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Erandio
+34 944967813
navacel@navacel.com