CAD is the use of computer system to create, modify, analyse or optimize an engineering design.

1. EMB2203
FUNDAMENTALS OF
CAD/CAM

2. Topic Outlines
• Definition of CAD/CAM
• CAD/CAM History
• Importance of CAD/CAM in industry
• Implementation of CAD/CAM tools and contents in engineering
 Concept of Product cycle
• Fundamentals of CAD-Design process
 Concurrent Engineering (CE)
 Computer Aided Engineering

3. Definition of CAD/CAM
Computer
Aided Design
(CAD)
Computer Aided
Manufacturing
(CAM)
The technology that
using digital
computers to perform
certain functions in
design and
manufacturing

4. CAD is the use of computer system to
create, modify, analyse or optimize an
engineering design.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Definition
It is responsible for helping draw and
model things that can be
manufactured.
Computer System
CAD Hardware
CAD Software

5. The manufacturing plant operations through either direct or
indirect computer interface
CONTROL
PLAN
MANAGE
The use of computer system to
1. Computer
monitoring and
control
2. Manufacturing
support
applications
2 main
categories
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

6. Computer
process
control
Computer
process
monitoring
Involves a direct computer
interface with the manufacturing
process:
 to monitor and observe the
process and associated
equipment
 To collect data from the
process
More advance than monitoring by not only
observing the process but also controlling it based
on the observation
1. Computer monitoring and control

7. a) Computer monitoring b) Computer control

8. • Def: Indirect applications in
which computer is used
support of the production
operations in the plant
• Computer serves a support
role in manufacturing
operations and is used “off-
line” to provide plans,
schedules, forecast,
instructions and information
by which the firm’s production
resources can be managed
more effectively.
2. Manufacturing support applications

9. CAD/CAM History
Establishment of
Numerical Control (NC)
concept on 3-axis
milling machine by
MIT’s servo mechanism
laboratory
• Sketchpad by Ivan
Sutherland on
cathode ray tube
• Critical research
period for
interactive
computer graphics
• Potential of
interactive
computer graphics
was realized by
industries
• Introduce
wireframe
modelling
• Golden era for
computer drafting
• Development of
new theories and
algorithms
• Integration of
various elements
of design and
manufacturing
that took place
manual drafting
• Management of
CAD/CAM
capabilities
• Improvement in
communication
medium and
networking
Wireless
transmission,
reduced cost of
high performance
computing,
Reverse
engineering-Rapid
prototyping
1950’s 1990’s
1980’s
1970’s
1960’s 2000’s

10. • The core engineering activities required design
and manufacturing operation
• To remain competitive in global economy
• To produce product with enhanced features at
competitive costs
• Reduction in product life cycle
• Mass customization: easy to update the design to
satisfy customer requirements and provides high
flexibility in the manufacturing system
• Reduction in manufacturing cost and delivery
time
Why using
CAD/CAM?

11. Implementation of CAD/CAM tools in engineering
• CAD and CAM must have a two-way-route connections in which CAD databases must
reflect manufacturing requirements such as tolerances and features.
• Thus, CAM requirements must be considered by the designers when finalizing the
designs.
• The engineers that involve in process planning and manufacturing operations must
be informed on CAD databases and their limitations.

12. SUB-PROCESS
MAIN PROCESS
Product lifecycle
Design
Synthesis:
Conceptual design
Analysis: Evaluate
performance of
expected product
Manufacturing Process planning
Product Cycle Concept
Design prototype
Production plan, tools
procurement, material order,
machine programming

13. The Product Cycle

14. The Product Cycle and CADCAM

15. Computer for design process
Conventional design process
Fundamentals
of CAD

16. Human designers vs. Computer
Human designers are good at:
1. Identifying design need
2. Drawing up specifications
3. Selecting design variations
4. Optimizing design solutions
5. Selecting the best design
6. Learning from experience
Computers are good at:
1. Carry out, long and laborious calculations
2. Store and search large database
efficiently
3. Provide several alternative design
solutions
4. Provide information on design
methodologies, heuristic data
5. Simulation of design for optimization
6. Aids in modelling, drafting and
documentation
Computer for design process

17. Computer for design process
Fundamentals
of CAD
Application of computers to design process

18. Concurrent Engineering
• A new technique adopted to improve efficiency of product design and reduce
product cycle design team
• Team of people from different function areas
• Encourage interaction between different departments
• Able to improve workflow
• Eliminates conflict and procedures
• Robust products can be created
• Integration of various tools such as CAD system with solid modelling capabilities,
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Product life Management (PLM) and many
more.

19. Sequential vs.
Concurrent
Concurrent = Simultaneous,
parallel
Sequential = Across the wall
method

20. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)
• To analyse CAD geometry, allowing the designer to simulate and study how
the product will behave
• Example: Mass property calculations, mechanical assembly tesing
(dimensional checking, interference checking), kinematic analysis and
animation (movement visualization, simulation) FEM analysis , Fluid
analysis, Vibration analysis, Thermal analysis, etc.

21. Video

22. Next class session
• CAD/CAM Hardware
 Introduction to type of systems
 CAD/CAM system evaluation criteria