Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, with a population of approximately 18 million and notable cities like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. The document discusses risks associated with construction, including potential disasters like fires and building collapses, emphasizing the need for certified design documents and compliance with new construction laws. Challenges in the construction sector are highlighted, including lack of permits, inspections, and adherence to technical regulations.

1. 1
II. Outline of Cambodia
ASIA Map
Cambodia
Japan
 Geography
 Located in Southeast Asia, nestled
between Thailand to the west and
northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to
the east and south, and to the Gulf of
Thailand to the Southwest
 The heart of Indochina peninsula
 Total Area
 Approximately 181,035 square kilometers
(69,898 square miles)
 Population
 Around 18 million people (estimated in 2024)
 Other Characteristics
 Language: Khmer
 Currency: Khmer Riel ( ៛ )
 Religion: Buddhism

2. 2
II. Outline of Cambodia
ANGKOR WAT,
A UNESCO World Heritage
 Major Cities
 Phnom Penh (Capital City)
 Siem Reap
 Battambang
 Sihanouk Ville
 Trending Cities for Construction Investment
 Phnom Penh (Capital City)
 Sihanouk Ville (Coastal city)
 Bavet (eastern city by Cambodia-Vietnam
border)
 Poipet City (western city by Cambodia-
Thailand border)
Beautiful beaches in the world,
Sihanouk ville, Koh Rong, Koh Rong Sanleom
Wat Phnom,
Symbol of Phnom Penh Capital City
Bavet
PoiPet
Battambang
Sihanouk Ville
Phnom Penh
Siemreap
Colonial buildings in Battambang

3. 3
III. Outline of risks of disaster of Cambodia
 Possible Risks
 Fire
 Collapses
 Twitching Wind/Storms
 Heaviest Damages
 Fire incident in the buildings
 Building collapses during construction
due to non-compliance method of
statement and strong winds.
Major collapse during Construction
in Sihanouk Ville in June, 2019
Fire on Casino in PoiPet
in December, 2022
Collapse during construction
due to strong winds
in Svay Rieng in May, 2024
Subsequent major collapse during Construction
in Kep in January, 2020

4. 4
III. Outline of risks of disaster of Cambodia
The WING Tower, a new and modern building rising
next to an old five-story building in Phnom Penh
 Future Risk
 Hazardous buildings
 Structural safety failure
 Fire safety failure
Stalled buildings in Sihanouk Ville

5. Popular Construction Method
 For houses of low-income and middle-income people
• Wood, concrete for columns
• None, bamboo, wood, lean concrete for floor
• Wood, bamboo, red clay brick, interlocking brick for wall
• Thatch, tile, zinc for roof
 For buildings of the 4-6 story range
• Concrete, steel for columns
• Tile for floor
• Brick, concrete, glass for wall
• Terrace, tile for roof
 For buildings of 20 stories and over
• Concrete, steel for columns
• Tile for floor
• Brick, concrete, glass for wall
• Terrace, tile for roof
5
IV. Outline of the buildings in
Cambodia
IV. Outline of the buildings
in Cambodia

6. V. Issues
6

7. What
needs
to
be
certified
Design documents used for building or
demolition work
Architectural, Structural and MEP
Design Documents
Prakas 109 -22/11/2021
Building or demolition work
Building or Demolition work for
Architecture, Structure and MEP
Prakas 126 -30/12/2021
Any newly built, repaired or modified
construction or any construction
whose function has been altered
Constructions and construction
equipment which require regular
quality and safety control
Any construction with a risk to human
life, property or effect on public
security or order
What are required to be
certified?
Constructions Construction Work
Certification Work conducted based on Building Technical
Regulation
 The certifier shall follow the building technical regulations and other
existing provisions in carrying out their work.
 In the case where there is no building technical regulation for a
construction work, the certifier shall, at the selection of the designer
or contractor or construction laboratory, follow one of the building
technical standards recognized regionally or internationally and shall
certify the parts that are related to the construction safety only. In
such case, the certifier shall assure his/her knowledge in executing
the concerned standard in the certification report.
New system
adopted in
Cambodia’s
Construction Law
in 2019
Certification
7

8. Architectural
Design
Certification on
Architectural
Design
Construction
Permit
-Structural Design
-MEP Design
Certification on
Structural Design,
MEP Design
Construction Site
Opening Permit
Start Building
Certification on
Building Work
Certification of
Occupancy
Regular Control and Certification(Article 47 of Construction
Law):
Safety and Quality Control:
- Residential building : at
least every 10 years
- Non-Residential building : at
least every 5 years
Quality Control and Certification of the Quality and Effectiveness of fire
prevention and extinguishment :
at least every 2 years
Hazardous construction equipment control : at least every 1
year
Phase
1
Phase
2
Phase
3
Phase
4
The Certification in Construction
Work
8

9. As Cambodia just adopted Construction Law in 2019, there must
be many issues left to be solved, and many challenges to make
both existing and newly built buildings conform to the law and
related regulations. By now, Cambodia faces many challenges
in the construction sector including:
− Building without building permit, site opening permit, site
closing permit and certificate of occupancy.
− Mandatory inspections during construction have not
been conducted by the authorized agencies yet.
− No regular quality control has been conducted.
− No national building code and non-compliant designs.
− MEP design is still not​yet required to grant building permit.
− The construction works do not comply with the approved
drawing and technical specification.
9
Challenges