Christensenella minuta is a recently described gastrointestinal bacterium that plays a significant role in the prevention of obesity. https://live-biotherapeutic.creative-biolabs.com/christensenella-minuta.htm
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), a type of RNA molecule that can be found in various cells. In general, the structure of mRNA is often composed of a 5' cap, two untranslated regions (5' UTR and 3' UTR), a coding domain, a 3' poly(A) tail. mRNA can be produced during the process of transcription in the nucleus. Normally, primary transcript mRNA (pre-mRNA) will be created at the early stage of transcription. This pre-mRNA will be further processed into mature mRNA by RNA splicing and removing introns. Mature mRNA can be further transported into the cytoplasm to participate in protein synthesis. Moreover, two main types of RNA molecules, transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), have also been identified that play a critical role in translating codons into amino acids in the protein-manufacturing process.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/applications-of-mrna-as-research-tools.htm
Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes during their differentiation into plasma cells that bind specifically to the corresponding antigen. Antibodies can be divided into five major classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE), which have a protective effect on the organism. Antibody mRNAs don't require nuclear localisation to mediate protein translation, but can be translated directly into target proteins or immunogenic activation of the immune response in vivo by using genetic sequence of the virus.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-antibody-mrna-479.htm
Cytokines are low molecular weight soluble proteins produced by cells stimulated by immunogens, mitogens or other factors, including interleukins, interferons (IFN), lymphokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), chemokines, monoclonal factors and other factors. https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-cytokine-mrna-455.htm
In vitro transcription (IVT) is an elegant way to obtain highly pure and uniform mRNA oligonucleotides of lengths ranging from about 15 to several thousand nucleotides. It is transcribed from a double-stranded DNA template by RNA polymerase (T7, T3 or SP6 RNA polymerase).https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-in-vitro-transcription-vector-452.htm
Modified mRNAs can readily be obtained from any DNA template using RNA polymerases in a short time. However, mRNA prepared with enzymatic synthesis may present transcriptional errors, which can only be produced at a laboratory scale, and products may not pure enough for the intended use. An efficient scalable non-enzymatic (chemical) method for mRNA production could solve these problems. https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-chemical-synthesis-of-mrna.htm
Chemical synthesis of single-stranded mRNA molecules is a widely used laboratory procedure that is an alternative strategy of mRNA synthesis for RNA research as well as RNA biopharmaceuticals. This technique is versatile and allows the researcher to tailor the synthesis of short fragments of mRNA and introduce modifications to mRNA.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-chemical-synthesis-of-mrna.htm
Non-integrative mRNA reprogramming has proven to be the most efficient and clinically-relevant method for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming.
https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-ips-cell-reprogramming-by-mrna.htm
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), a type of RNA molecule that can be found in various cells. In general, the structure of mRNA is often composed of a 5' cap, two untranslated regions (5' UTR and 3' UTR), a coding domain, a 3' poly(A) tail. mRNA can be produced during the process of transcription in the nucleus. Normally, primary transcript mRNA (pre-mRNA) will be created at the early stage of transcription. This pre-mRNA will be further processed into mature mRNA by RNA splicing and removing introns. Mature mRNA can be further transported into the cytoplasm to participate in protein synthesis. Moreover, two main types of RNA molecules, transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), have also been identified that play a critical role in translating codons into amino acids in the protein-manufacturing process.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/applications-of-mrna-as-research-tools.htm
Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B lymphocytes during their differentiation into plasma cells that bind specifically to the corresponding antigen. Antibodies can be divided into five major classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE), which have a protective effect on the organism. Antibody mRNAs don't require nuclear localisation to mediate protein translation, but can be translated directly into target proteins or immunogenic activation of the immune response in vivo by using genetic sequence of the virus.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-antibody-mrna-479.htm
Cytokines are low molecular weight soluble proteins produced by cells stimulated by immunogens, mitogens or other factors, including interleukins, interferons (IFN), lymphokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), chemokines, monoclonal factors and other factors. https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-cytokine-mrna-455.htm
In vitro transcription (IVT) is an elegant way to obtain highly pure and uniform mRNA oligonucleotides of lengths ranging from about 15 to several thousand nucleotides. It is transcribed from a double-stranded DNA template by RNA polymerase (T7, T3 or SP6 RNA polymerase).https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/category-in-vitro-transcription-vector-452.htm
Modified mRNAs can readily be obtained from any DNA template using RNA polymerases in a short time. However, mRNA prepared with enzymatic synthesis may present transcriptional errors, which can only be produced at a laboratory scale, and products may not pure enough for the intended use. An efficient scalable non-enzymatic (chemical) method for mRNA production could solve these problems. https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-chemical-synthesis-of-mrna.htm
Chemical synthesis of single-stranded mRNA molecules is a widely used laboratory procedure that is an alternative strategy of mRNA synthesis for RNA research as well as RNA biopharmaceuticals. This technique is versatile and allows the researcher to tailor the synthesis of short fragments of mRNA and introduce modifications to mRNA.https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-chemical-synthesis-of-mrna.htm
Non-integrative mRNA reprogramming has proven to be the most efficient and clinically-relevant method for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming.
https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-ips-cell-reprogramming-by-mrna.htm
Hepatitis D (hepatitis delta) is a disease caused by the Hepatitis D Virus (HDV), a small spherical enveloped virusoid.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/hepatitis-d-virus-vaccines.htm
Hepatitis is a general term for liver inflammation, caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/hbv-vaccines.htm
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system, which is accompanied by symmetric flaccid paralysis of the extremities, sensory abnormalities, and cranial nerve palsy.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/vaccines-for-guillain-barre-syndrome.htm
The FIV genome is comprised of three main structural genes, gag, pol, and env, which encode internal structural proteins, viral enzymes and envelope glycoproteins, respectively. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/feline-immunodeficiency-virus-vaccine.htm
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is retroviral in the family Oncovirinae and is one of the most feared causes of a highly contagious and potentially fatal retroviral infection that weakens a cat's immune system.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/feline-leukemia-virus-vaccine.htm
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) belong to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order which cause respiratory and enteric infections in cattle and wild ruminants. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/bovine-coronavirus-vaccines.htm
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is from the family of Herpesviridae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/cytomegalovirus-vaccines.htm
Due to their surfactants or gelation properties, glycolipids can be used to encapsulate some drugs. Studies have shown that the sucrose esters ability to form various formulation systems for the loading of different active molecules. These results revealed that micro-particles can be obtained with sucrose esters and they exhibit efficient encapsulation properties for pharmaceuticals applications. Several other studies describe the preparation of hydrogels or solution stabilized by sucrose esters for drug dermal absorptions. Therefore, the glycolipid potential is huge in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/custom-glycolipid-synthesis.htm
D-Galactosamine pentaacetate
Dried by centrifugal evaporation from an aqueous solution.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/d-galactosamine-pentaacetate-20.htm
Membrane carbohydrates, found on the extracellular surface, are complex and can display considerable variability in composition and structure. They are attached with embedded lipids forming glycolipids. Glycolipids constitute a complex family of amphipathic molecules structurally characterized by a hydrophilic mono- or oligo-saccharide moiety linked to a hydrophobic ceramide moiety.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/custom-glycolipid-synthesis.htm
Glycosylation site mapping helps the identification of a glycosylation site, which can provide an indication of the function of that glycan. In addition, site-specific glycosylation analysis and assignment of a certain structure to a specific site can illuminate the protein’s glycosylation profile, microheterogeneity, and its activity. Glycosylation has great importance in the development of biological drugs because their glycan chains markedly affect product stability, activity, antigenicity, and pharmacodynamics. Glycosylation site mapping mainly contributes to glycan microheterogeneity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycosylation-site-mapping.htm
Anticancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new exciting area for controlling tumors. Particularly, vaccination using synthetic tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs)-based vaccine hold promise for generating a specific antitumor response by targeting cancer cells.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycopeptide-based-cancer-vaccine-development.htm
Glycosylation is a fundamental modification of proteins, which plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including protein folding and trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, cellular differentiation, fertilization, immune response, the initiation and metastasis of tumors. Thus, the analysis of glycoproteins structure allows characterization of important biological molecules, including antibodies, vaccines, enzymes, etc. What's more, glycoprotein structure analysis would be of great diagnostic and clinical importance.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-structure-analysis.htm
Glycoprotein Detection by Staining Procedures.pdfBetteElla
There are a number of staining methods that can be used to detect highly glycosylated proteins on SDS gels, among which, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining is the simplest and low-cost way to estimate whether a protein is glycosylated.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-detection-by-staining-procedures.htm
Glycoprotein detection by PAS staining method.pdfBetteElla
Glycoproteins are extremely important to a variety of biological processes, including protein folding and trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, cellular differentiation, fertilization, immune response, the initiation and metastasis of tumors. However, the analysis of glycoproteins is a big challenge because of the low abundance, the complexity of the glycan structures, the multiple substitutions (microheterogeneity) at glycosylation sites, and the structural diversity associated with the protein backbone itself. We can provide a series of technologies for glycoprotein detection and analysis.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-detection-by-staining-procedures.htm
Glycoproteins are a group of proteins with oligosaccharide chains or glycans covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. These proteins are ubiquitously distributed and play an important role in various biological processes, such as cell signaling, cell-cell interaction, immune recognition, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, the alterations of glycoproteins possess a close relationship with the progression of diseases, such as autoimmune disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-biomarkers-research.htm
Hepatitis D (hepatitis delta) is a disease caused by the Hepatitis D Virus (HDV), a small spherical enveloped virusoid.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/hepatitis-d-virus-vaccines.htm
Hepatitis is a general term for liver inflammation, caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main cause of morbidity and mortality.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/hbv-vaccines.htm
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system, which is accompanied by symmetric flaccid paralysis of the extremities, sensory abnormalities, and cranial nerve palsy.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/vaccines-for-guillain-barre-syndrome.htm
The FIV genome is comprised of three main structural genes, gag, pol, and env, which encode internal structural proteins, viral enzymes and envelope glycoproteins, respectively. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/feline-immunodeficiency-virus-vaccine.htm
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is retroviral in the family Oncovirinae and is one of the most feared causes of a highly contagious and potentially fatal retroviral infection that weakens a cat's immune system.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/feline-leukemia-virus-vaccine.htm
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) belong to the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order which cause respiratory and enteric infections in cattle and wild ruminants. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/bovine-coronavirus-vaccines.htm
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is from the family of Herpesviridae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/cytomegalovirus-vaccines.htm
Due to their surfactants or gelation properties, glycolipids can be used to encapsulate some drugs. Studies have shown that the sucrose esters ability to form various formulation systems for the loading of different active molecules. These results revealed that micro-particles can be obtained with sucrose esters and they exhibit efficient encapsulation properties for pharmaceuticals applications. Several other studies describe the preparation of hydrogels or solution stabilized by sucrose esters for drug dermal absorptions. Therefore, the glycolipid potential is huge in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/custom-glycolipid-synthesis.htm
D-Galactosamine pentaacetate
Dried by centrifugal evaporation from an aqueous solution.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/d-galactosamine-pentaacetate-20.htm
Membrane carbohydrates, found on the extracellular surface, are complex and can display considerable variability in composition and structure. They are attached with embedded lipids forming glycolipids. Glycolipids constitute a complex family of amphipathic molecules structurally characterized by a hydrophilic mono- or oligo-saccharide moiety linked to a hydrophobic ceramide moiety.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/custom-glycolipid-synthesis.htm
Glycosylation site mapping helps the identification of a glycosylation site, which can provide an indication of the function of that glycan. In addition, site-specific glycosylation analysis and assignment of a certain structure to a specific site can illuminate the protein’s glycosylation profile, microheterogeneity, and its activity. Glycosylation has great importance in the development of biological drugs because their glycan chains markedly affect product stability, activity, antigenicity, and pharmacodynamics. Glycosylation site mapping mainly contributes to glycan microheterogeneity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycosylation-site-mapping.htm
Anticancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new exciting area for controlling tumors. Particularly, vaccination using synthetic tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs)-based vaccine hold promise for generating a specific antitumor response by targeting cancer cells.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycopeptide-based-cancer-vaccine-development.htm
Glycosylation is a fundamental modification of proteins, which plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including protein folding and trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, cellular differentiation, fertilization, immune response, the initiation and metastasis of tumors. Thus, the analysis of glycoproteins structure allows characterization of important biological molecules, including antibodies, vaccines, enzymes, etc. What's more, glycoprotein structure analysis would be of great diagnostic and clinical importance.https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-structure-analysis.htm
Glycoprotein Detection by Staining Procedures.pdfBetteElla
There are a number of staining methods that can be used to detect highly glycosylated proteins on SDS gels, among which, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining is the simplest and low-cost way to estimate whether a protein is glycosylated.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-detection-by-staining-procedures.htm
Glycoprotein detection by PAS staining method.pdfBetteElla
Glycoproteins are extremely important to a variety of biological processes, including protein folding and trafficking, cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, cellular differentiation, fertilization, immune response, the initiation and metastasis of tumors. However, the analysis of glycoproteins is a big challenge because of the low abundance, the complexity of the glycan structures, the multiple substitutions (microheterogeneity) at glycosylation sites, and the structural diversity associated with the protein backbone itself. We can provide a series of technologies for glycoprotein detection and analysis.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-detection-by-staining-procedures.htm
Glycoproteins are a group of proteins with oligosaccharide chains or glycans covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. These proteins are ubiquitously distributed and play an important role in various biological processes, such as cell signaling, cell-cell interaction, immune recognition, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, the alterations of glycoproteins possess a close relationship with the progression of diseases, such as autoimmune disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/glycoprotein/glycoprotein-biomarkers-research.htm