chittoor-nellore.pptx

Sri venkateswara national park and nagulapuram trekking
Hidden like a jewel behind the lush green forests of Andhra Pradesh lies a serene and
tranquil place named Nagalapuram. Also known as Nagala Hills, it is famous for the
various adventurous activities proffered in this scenic village. Nagalpuram is also known
for housing the Nagalpuram Falls. A group of 3 waterfalls, it offers a great trekking
opportunity and a stunning panoramic view. Surrounded by majestic hills and gurgling
waterfalls, the serene Nagalapuram and Nagalpuram Falls is mostly visited by tourists from
Chennai due to close proximity.

Kanipakam regional science centre

gudimallam
The main importance of the temple lies in the Linga which is housed in the Garbhagriha of
the temple. This is supposed to be the earliest Linga discovered so far and it has been
assigned to the 2nd or 1st century BC. The name of the temple is mentioned as
Parasurameswara Temple in the inscriptions. These inscriptions do not refer to the original
builders of the temple. But they register the gifts made to the temple of land, money and
cows for the conduct of daily worship in the temple. The Black and Redware sherds of the
2nd or 3rd century AD have been brought to light during the course of excavations
conducted in 1973. Potsherds of the Andhra Satavahana period (Circa 1st century AD to
2nd century AD) and large-sized bricks measuring 42+21+6 cms. of the same period have
also been found. Hence, some historians assign the temple to the Satavahana period.The
temple called Parasurameswaraalayam was built on the banks of Suvaranamukhi river.
There is a fascinating tale about this place.

ardhagiri
The name Ardhagiri came from an incident related to Treta Yuga, when Lord Hanuman was
transporting dronagiri Mountain (mountain that consists of herbs for life), in night time
bharat brother of lord ram thought that some mountain is going to hurt; immediately he shot
an arrow on hanuman. Due to its effect, half of the mountain fell down at this place and
hence, the name Ardhagiri. In the local language, it means Half Mountain (Ardha=half,
giri=mountain). From then, people started worshipping hanuman in the name of veera
anjaneya swamy. Many people, till today, come from all the world to collect the medicated
water in the pond, besides to the temple. The clay in the mountain contains many medicinal
properties and has a power to cure many types of skin problems. The water in the pond
comes from different place from the mountain, touching many roots of medicinal plants.[

Horsely hills
Horsley Hills or Horsleykonda or Yenugulla Mallamma
Konda is a series of hills in Andhra Pradesh in Madanapalle
Taluka of Annamayya district and is about 9 miles from
Madanapalle town. The local name of the hill was Yenugu
Mallama Konda after a legend of a saintly old woman
named Mallamma who lived at the top of the hill and was
fed by elephants (yenugulu). W.D. Horsley, a British
collector, built his home around 1870 after whom it is
named. In contrast to the dry and hot surrounding, this area
is well vegetated with cooler climate. This made it attractive
as a hill station and a tourist spot.
• Flora and fauna
The native vegetation of the area has been replaced in some
parts with dense growths of eucalyptus and plantations of
exotic trees. In the past the area had more wildlife including
Sambar deer (now reintroduced into the wild), wild boar
and sloth bear.[1] More than 133 species of birds have been
recorded from the area and these include the endemic
Yellow-throated bulbul, first recorded from the area in
1908. Other birds which are rare in the surrounding region
include the black eagle and the white-rumped shama.The
endemic toad Duttaphrynus hololius has been found here
and a ground orchid Diplocentrum recurvum was
rediscovered here after nearly a century. Several species of
lichen have also been documented from the region.

kalahasti
Sri Kalahasti is named after the staunch devotees of Lord Shiva. They were the Spider (Sri), the
Serpent (Kala) and the Elephant (Hasti). Appeased with their unflinching devotion, Lord Shiva
gave them a boon that their names be merged with the Vayulinga and called as Sri
Kalahasteeswara. Parvati gained Shiva-Gnanam and came to be known as Gnana Prasunamba
or Gnana. Cursed to became a ghost Ghanakala prayed at Srikalahasti for 15 years and after
chanting Bhairava Mantra many times Lord Shiva restored her original form. Mayura, Chandra
and Devendra were also freed from their curses after taking bath in the river Swarnamukhi and
prayed at Srikalahasti. Mahasivaratri is an important festival when lakhs of people offer prayers
to seek the blessings of the Lord to attain Mukti. To Bhakta Markandeya, Lord Shiva appeared
in Sri Kalahasti and preached that a Guru alone could make esoteric teachings and, therefore he
is Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara. Cursed to became a ghost Ghanakala prayed at Srikalahasti
for 15 years and after chanting Bhairava Mantra many times Lord Shiva restored her original
form Srikalahasti temple is a holy place near Tirupati in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.It is
located on the banks of the
river Swarnamukhi, a tributary of the river Pennar. Site where Kannappa, one of the 63 Saivite
Nayanars, was ready to offer both his eyes to cover blood flowing from the Siva linga before
the Lord Siva stopped him and granted mukti. This temple was constructed in the 12th century
by the Chola king, Rajarajendra. Vayu incarnated as Lord Shiva and is worshipped as
Kalahasteeswara. This temple`s main idol is the vayu (air) linga. The temple is also associated
with Rahu and Kethu (of the nine grahams or celestial bodies in the Indian astrological
scheme). The river Suvarnamukhi takes the northerly course at Sri Kalahasthi almost washing
the west wall of the famous Sri Kalahasthi temple in the Chittor districtof A P.

tirumala
Tirumala Hill is 3,200 feet (980 m) above sea level, and the town covers an area of approximately
10.33square miles (26.8 km2). In the area are seven peaks from the Seshachalam range, part of
Eastern Ghats.The seven peaks represent the hood of Adisesha and are known as Seshadri,
Neeladri, Garudadri,Anjanadri, Vrushabadri, Narayanadri and Venkatadri. The temple of Sri
Venkateswara is on the seventh peak (Venkatadri). In the Puranas, The Venkatam Hill is believed
to be a part of the Mount Meru, which was brought on to the earth from Vaikuntam by Garuda
(Lord's vehicle). The Hills are said to be a manifestation of Adi Sesha. Many Alvars,
Vaishnavacharyas and saints praised the Tirumala Hill in their respective literatures. Several
references to the Tirumala were found in Puranas. Tirumala is one of the 108 shrines of the Sri
Vaishanava sect of Hinduism. According to the Puranas, Lord Vishnu raised in the Avatar of
Swetha Varaham from Pushkarini. This Swetha Varaha Avatharam was installed in a temple
situated to the west of Swamy Pushkarni.
History: There is ample literary and epigraphic testimony to the antiquity of the temple of Lord
Sri Venkateswara. All the great dynasties of rulers of the southern peninsula have paid homage to
Lord Sri Venkateswara in this ancient shrine. The Pallavas of Kancheepuram (9th century AD),
the Cholas of Thanjavur (a century later), the Pandyas of Madurai, and the kings and chieftains of
Vijayanagar (14th - 15th century AD) were devotees of the Lord and they competed with one
another in endowing the temple with rich offerings and contributions. It was during the rule of the
Vijayanagar dynasty that the contributions to the temple increased. Sri Krishnadevaraya had
statues of himself and his consorts installed at the portals of the temple, and these statues can be
seen to this day. There is also a statue of Venkatapati Raya in the main temple.

After the decline of the Vijayanagar dynasty, nobles and chieftains from all parts of the
country continued to pay their homage and offer gifts to the temple. The Maratha general,
Raghoji Bhonsle, visited the temple and set up a permanent endowment for the conduct of
worship in the temple. He also presented valuable jewels to the Lord, including a large
emerald which is still preserved in a box named after the General. Among the later rulers
who have endowed large amounts are the rulers of Mysore and Gadwal. After the fall of
the Hindu kingdoms, the Muslim rulers of Karnataka and then the Britishers took over,
and many of the temples came under their supervisory and protective control. In 1843
AD, the East India Company divested itself of the direct management of non-Christian
places of worship and native religious institutions. The administration of the shrine of Sri
Venkateswara and a number of estates were then entrusted to Sri Seva Dossji of the
Hatiramji Mutt at Tirumala, and the temple remained under the administration of the
Mahants for nearly a century, till 1933 AD. In 1933, the Madras Legislature passed a
special act, which empowered the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams(TTD) Committee to
control and administer a fixed group of temples in the Tirumala-Tirupati area, through a
Commissioner appointed by the Government of Madras. In 1951, the Act of 1933 was
replaced by an enactment whereby the administration of TTD was entrusted to a Board of
Trustees, and an Executive Officer was appointed by the Government . The provisions of
the Act of 1951 were retained by Charitableand Religious Endowments Act, 1966.

CHANDRAGIRI FORT
Chandragiri was under the rule Vijayanagara empire
for about three centuries and came under the control
of the Vijayanagarayadava rulers in 1367. It came
into prominence during 1560s during the reign of
Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya. Later, the most famous
Vijayanagara emperor Srikrishna Devaraya, was kept
in this fort as a prince, till his coronation at
Penukonda. It is also said that he met his future queen
Chinna Devi at this fort. Chandragiri was the 4th
capital of Vijayanagara Empire,[1] Rayas shifted their
capital to here when the Golconda sultans attacked
Penukonda. In 1646 the fort was annexed to the
Golkonda territory and subsequently came under
Kingdom of Mysore rule. It went into oblivion from
1792 onward.[2] The Raja Mahal Palace is now an
archaeological museum. The palace is an example of
Indo-Sarcen architecture of Vijayanagara period. The
crowning towers represents the Hindu architectural
elements. The palace was constructed using stone,
brick, lime mortar and devoid of timber.[2] Some of
important kavyas or epic poems are written in this
fort under the patronage of Vijayanagara kings. Inside
the fort are eight temples, Raja Mahal, Rani Mahal
and other ruined structures.[2] Inside the fort are Raja
Mahal and Rani Mahal which are quite well
maintained for more than 300 years and Raja Mahal
is converted as Archeological Museum by
Arechological Survey of India. The museum holds
models of fort, main temple and other structures of
surrounding area.[
is an historical fort, built in the 11th century
located at Chandragiri suburb in Tirupati. It is
situated in Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh,
India. Although mostly associated with the
Vijayanagara Emperors, it was built much
earlier in 11th century by the Yadava rulers. In
1460 A.D. Odra Gajapati Kapilendra Dev
captured the Chandragiri Fort.

The Venkatagiri Fort, which is 80 kilometres away from Nellore, is the next sight worth seeing
in Nellore. It was constructed in the 17th century and exhibited the marvels of classic South
Indian architecture. The thick forest surrounding this massive edifice only adds to its beauty.
Indra Mahal is the name of the fort's front section. The exterior walls of this famous monument
are adorned with serpentine carvings with a somewhat distinctive pattern.
This fort is among the most amazing spots to visit in Nellore. In the year 1775, the Recherla
kings built the fort. The fort appears incredibly attractive because it is surrounded by thick
forest. Cotton sarees woven using the Jamdani technique are well-known in Venkatagiri town.
The fort's peaceful environment calms your mind, and its grandeur highlights its former
significance in the power struggle. To get a panoramic perspective of Venkatagiri, climb to the
top
Siddheswara
It is located at Siddeshwara Kona in the Sitaramapuram Surrounded by large hills. Siddha’s
were performed penance here. Hence called Lord Shiva as Siddheshwara Swamy.
According to local mythology, it dates back to before the 6th century. The Nithyanatha
Siddhacharyas state in the Rasaratnakara scripture that Agastya Maharshi, one of the Sapta
Rishis, performed penance in this temple and performed the marriage of Umamaheswaras.
The temple was renovated in 1974 by Avadhuta Kashinayana at a time when the temple was in
a state of disrepair.
The Goddess Ishtakameshwari Devi, who is present here, pays special obeisances to the
devotees in various forms during the Dussehra Sharanavaratri celebrations.

Kandaleru dam is one of the main dams in Andhra Pradesh state of India. This dam is situated
in Gudur town of Nellore district. Main impounding river for this dam is Kandaleru River.
Connectivity to this dam is better than other places in the state. Velegonda hills are the base
point of this dam. One of the best features of this dam is that this is the world’s biggest dam
in earthen dam category. Water storage capacity of the dam is 68 tmc which is highest in the
earthen dams. This dam is located at 60 kilometers distance from Nellore district and has a
good connectivity with Rapur and Rajampet towns.
History :This dam was conceptualised in 1987, paper work done in 1989 and execution
started. After seven years of concerted efforts, this dam was finally completed in 1995 all
respects. At the time of construction of this dam, Nellore district was being irrigated under
Telugu Ganga Project but the sufficient quantity of water, which was required by the
surrounding area, was not getting. Seeing the conditions even after, support of Telugu Ganga
Project, the dam was constructed. Another reason of constructing this dam that water flow
of Telugu Ganga Project is right to left and the general geographical slope of the upper layer
of soil in Nellore district is Left to Wright. Thus, construction of the dam was necessary.
Technical Portion :This is the biggest earthen dam in the world. The storage capacity of
the reservoir supported to this dam is 68 tmc which is highest in its category. This dam is
basically designed for irrigation purposes. Hydroelectricity production is also assigned with
the dam. Main impounding river of this dam is Kandaleru river and the catchment area is
approximately 39 KM. This dam has the length of 10752 mtr and elevation is 49mtr from the
foundation level. Water reservoir is designed to have a capacity of maximum water upto 85
mtrs. MDDL of the dam is 64mtrs with a gross capacity of storage 1926tmc. In this dam 18
spillways have been provisioned..

Ramatirdham-ranganatha
Ramalingeswara Swamy Temple in Ramathirtham. Lord Siva and Kamakshamma are the
presiding deities while Vigneswara and Subramanya Swamy are the also worshipped here.
The architecture is reminiscent of the Pallava style with the temple built of bricks, a Dwaja
Stambam, Kalyana Mandapam, Alankara Mandapam and Yajnasala for Nithyyagnam. The
main temple is very small and covered with white granite rock. Mythologically
Ramatheertam holds a lot of respect among the devotees as it was the place where, as per
the scriptures, Lord Rama was stated to have stopped for a night halt during his search for
Sita. At daybreak, Lord Rama carved out a Shiva Lingam from sand with his hands and
offered prayers.

The Sri Ranganthaswami Temple in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India is a Hindu temple dedicated to
Lord Ranganatha a resting form of Lord Vishnu. This temple, also called Talpagiri
Ranganathaswami temple or Ranganayakulu is one of the oldest temples in Nellore. It is located
on the banks of the Penna River and is believed to have been constructed in the 12th century. Just
before the main entrance of the temple is a huge tower, called Gaaligopuram, which literally
means "wind tower". This tower is approximately 70 feet high and has 10 feet of gold plated
vessels on top of it, called kalashams. The gopuram was constructed by Yeragudipati
Venkatachalam panthulu. Every year during the month of March–April (which varies according to
the Indian calendar) a grand festival is celebrated. These are called Brahmotsavam.
The Sri Ranganthaswami Temple in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India is a Hindu temple dedicated to
Lord Ranganatha a resting form of Lord Vishnu. This temple, also called Talpagiri
Ranganathaswami temple or Ranganayakulu is one of the oldest temples in Nellore. It is located
on the banks of the Penna River and is believed to have been constructed in the 12th century.
Just before the main entrance of the temple is a huge tower, called Gaaligopuram, which literally
means "wind tower". This tower is approximately 70 feet high and has 10 feet of gold plated
vessels on top of it, called kalashams. The gopuram was constructed by Yeragudipati
Venkatachalam panthulu. Every year during the month of March–April (which varies according to
the Indian calendar) a grand festival is celebrated. These are called Brahmotsavam.
According to the legend, Lord Vishnu decided to visit Bhoo-loka along with his consort Goddess
Sridevi. He asked Adisesha to be the place as Lord’s abode to stay at Bhoo -loka. Following the
order of the Lord, Adisesha took the form of a mountain at this place. Hence, the place is known
as Talpagiri Kshethra.

The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is situated along the East Coast in the Nellore District,
around 20 kilometres from Pulicat Lake. Numerous endangered bird species have made
their breeding grounds at this sanctuary noteworthy. The distance between Chennai and
the bird sanctuary is about 50 kilometres, making both cities fairly accessible.
The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary in the Nellore District, which is renowned for being one
of the most important pelican habitats in Southeast Asia, is every bird watcher's wish to
come true. This captivating sanctuary spans a total area of about 459 hectares and is
situated not far from the village of Nelapattu.
Along with being an important location for spot-billed pelican nesting, the sanctuary is
also home to important plant communities like Barringtonia swamp forests and southern
dry evergreen scrub. Besides the spot-billed pelican, other species that breed at the
sanctuary include the white ibis, openbill stork, night heron, and small cormorant.
The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is home to 189 birds, 50 of which are migratory. The
Indian government designated it as a sanctuary in the year 1997. Common teal, shoveler,
Spot-billed duck, grey heron, black-winged stilt, and garganey gadwall are some of the
migratory species that belong to this group. The months of October and March, which
are one of the best seasons for bird watching, are the perfect time to visit Nelapattu Bird
Sanctuary. Since most rare bird species come here to lay their eggs, the seashore areas
are the greatest places to observe them.
This is the ideal time for you to explore and see the more than 12,000 kinds of birds that
come here to migrate from other nations. So come here to take some great nature photos
with your cameras and binoculars.

Udayagiri Fort is located at an altitude of 3079 feet above sea level.
Situated around 100 kms from Nellore, the fort is in a picturesque
environment. The village Udayagiri is situated on hilltop and this hill
is famously known as Sanjeevi Hills. A wide range of plants of
medicinal value is found here. Evidences available on Udayagiri
relate its history from 14th century. The place was then the capital of
Langula Gajapati and then it was ruled by the famous Krishna
Devaraya of Vijayanagar around 1512. The fort had been under the
control of various rulers including Cholas, Pallavas and subsequently
it came into the hands of Vijayanagar rulers. It was conquered by
Islamic rulers as well. There were 13 buildings in the fort and several
temples as well. The influences of various rulers that ruled the fort
can be seen in the temples constructed by them during their reign.
The fort, in overall, is a blend of various cultures and a fine example
of the artistic skills of the bygone era.

Pulicat-bara-shahid darga
Nellore, this historic city that existed well before the Chola Empire ruled the Southern part
of India. The city has seen many ups and downs since then and after Indian independence,
it has developed as the fourth largest city in Andhra. And it continues to grow both
commercially and politically. Nellore has a plethora of things to surprise visitors. The city
will change your perception of how you think about the city. Many believe that Nellore is
just another place that's famous as a pilgrim site, you'll see and have a very different and
unique experience. Below we list of the best places to visit in Nellore.

religiously significant for Muslims. One such historic place is the Barah Shaheed Dargah. It's a
beautiful mausoleum or a Dargah (shrine) of Barah (twelve) Shaheed (martyrs) who were
believed to have sacrificed their lives fighting on the battlefield. Later, people constructed a
shrine in remembrance of their contributions. So it is one of the best religious places to be visited
in Nellore that you should not miss paying your respect to. It is said that if you pray here, your
wishes will come true and many Hindus and Muslims will testify this. So worth trying
Pulicat Lake : Along with Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake is yet another
bird sanctuary located at a distance of 20 km from Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary. It is also one of the
best places to spot different species of migratory birds, estimated to be over 12,000. The
Flamingo festival is celebrated here at the same time when it's celebrated in Nellapattu Sanctuary.
You can take some amazing pics of Pelicans, Flamingo, Golden Backed Wood Pecker, King
Fishers, Open Billed Storks, Egrets, Painted Storks, Spoon Bills, Little Cormorant, Siberian
Storks, and so on. You can visit this place after you have visited the Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary.
Worth visiting. Another bird refuge in addition to Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary is Pulicat Lake,
which is 20 kilometres away. Additionally, with an estimated 12,000 distinct species, it is one of
the best areas to see migratory birds. At the same time that it is celebrated in Nellapattu
Sanctuary, the flamingo festival is also observed here. Pulicat Lake is a widely-liked option for
travellers looking for a picnic place due to the overall peacefulness and tranquillity of the area,
the number of migratory birds and the lake's ambience. The lake is a well-liked spot for
birdwatchers because it draws a variety of unusual migratory bird species during the majority of
the year. You could take a boat tour of the lake. Waterfowl, pelicans, herons, and flamingos are a
few famous bird species that may be found here. The best option is to take a boat tour on the lake
by renting one from a fisherman for as little as 500 Rupees.

Kandaleru-somasila
At a distance of 65 km from Nellore lies the Kandeleru Dam. It's a significant irrigation
project constructed on the Kandaleru River. The project is the biggest earthen dam in the
world with a water storage capacity of 68 TMC spreading across an area of 10 sq km. This
important dam is responsible for supplying drinking water to the city of Chennai the
Srisailam reservoir on Krishna River as part of the Telugu Ganga project. It's well
connected by a State Highway that connects Kadapa with Nellore through Rajampet and
Rapur. This river originates in Velegonda hills and flows across Gudur. Many locals and
visitors travel for an hour to reach this spot as it's picturesque with forests and hillocks.

In Andhra Pradesh's Nellore District, close to the village of Somasila in the
Ananthasagaram Mandal, the Somasila Reservoir is being built across the river
Pennar. The Srisailam reservoir, situated in the Krishna basin, can supply water to the
reservoir via gravity. It is the largest storage reservoir in the basin of the Penna River.
It intends to connect the reservoir with the Nagarjunasagar reservoir as part of the
Indian Rivers Inter-link projects to increase the reservoir's water inflows. Somasila
Dam can be found approximately 81 kilometres from Nellore,
Nearly 75 kilometres separate Somasila from Nellore along the road from Athrupalli to
Podalakur. Most of the time, the road leading to Somasila is in good condition.
Tourists are advised to visit the reservoir at Somasila. It is a location that is tranquil
and secluded. Around 15 villages are located on the way to Somasila and should be
visited there. The reservoir is accessible to the general public, and a hike around the
surrounding mountains is advised. Visitors and locals come from far and wide to
picnic at Somasila.

Srihari kota
Mobile Service Tower, Umbilical Tower and Launch
PedestalS olid Motor Preparation Facility
Subsystem Preparation Facility
Hardware Storage Facility
Liquid/Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer
Facility
Stage Preparation Facility for Cryogenic Stage
Automatic Checkout and Control for Propellant
Filling
Safety and Fire Fighting Systems, Satellite
Preparation Facility
Launch Control Centre and Mission Control Centre
Precision C-band Radars and S-band Radar for
tracking, Telecommand System
Intercommunication, CCTV system, Data Links,
Range Timing System, Real Time Systems and
Specialist Display System, Meteorology and
Technical Photography
TM data receiving stations
A modern Second Launch Pad (SLP) was awaiting
commissioned in 2005. SLP was to help to increase
the frequency of launches from SDSC. The new
facility was designed to reduce the occupancy time
for the integration and launch.
india's primary space launch center, located
on the east coast of the peninsula with a
firing sector over the Bay of Bengal. In use
from 1971 to present.
AKA: Satish Dhawan Space Center;Satish
Dhawan Space Centre;SDSC;SHAR. First
Launch: 1971-10-09. Last Launch: 2014-06-30.
Number: 381 . Location: Andhra Pradesh.
Longitude: 80.24 deg. Latitude: 13.74 deg.
The Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
SHAR, is located at 80 km north of Chennai on
the east coast of India. The facilities at SDSC
include:

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