Here are the 3 types of research misconducts: 18. Fabrication 19. Falsification 20. Plagiarism

2. COLUMN A COLUMN B
___1. bias
___2. strategy
___3. blueprint
___4. fabricate
___5. imperative
a. to have a strong and often unfair influence
on someone or something
b. to create or make up in order to trick people
c. a detailed plan on how to do something
d. a careful plan or method for achieving a
particular goal usually over a long period of
time
e. expressing a command in a forceful and
confident way
f. done in one’s free will without valuable
consideration or legal obligation

3. CHARACTERISTICS,
ETHICS, PRINCIPLES, and
PROCESS IN CONDUCTING
RESEARCH

4. Objective:
Identify the different characteristics, ethics, principles, and
process in conducting research.

5. Proposal Template
1. Title (1 slide) with names of authors
2. Background of the Study
• Context of the Problem (1 slide)
Statement of the Problem (1 slide)
• Research Gap (1 slide)
• Purpose of the Study (1 slide)
• Research Questions (2-4) (1 slide)
• Theoretical Framework/s (1 slide) at
least 2 theories
• RRLS (5-10) (1 slide)
3. Methodology
• Research Design (1 slide) 1 source
• Research Setting (1 slide)
• Sample and Sampling Procedure (1-2
slides)
• Selection Criteria
• Data collection methods (1 slide)
• Data collection procedures (1 slide)
• Bibliography
• Broad Scan Matrix
5. References

6. RESEARCH Defined
• Research is defined as the scientific investigation of
phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis
and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation
with reality.
• Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict,
and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and
deductive methods. (Babbie, 2011)

7. RESEARCH
• Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the
use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to
generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This
could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the
extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes. (Department of
Education and Training)
• Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of
data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and
interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable
methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic
disciplines.

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or
observation by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a
problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in
gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and
experimental and case study.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner
without bias using systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are
replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at
valid and conclusive results.

11. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING
RESEARCH

12. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem

13. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature

14. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis

15. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis
Step Four: Design Research

16. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis
Step Four: Design Research
Step Five: Collect Data

17. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis
Step Four: Design Research
Step Five: Collect Data
Step Six: Analyze Data

18. PROCESS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Step One: Define the Research Problem
Step Two: Review the Literature
Step Three: Formulate the Hypothesis
Step Four: Design Research
Step Five: Collect Data
Step Six: Analyze Data
Step Seven: Interpret and Report

19. ETHICS IN RESEARCH

20. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty

21. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity

22. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity

23. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness

24. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness

25. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property

26. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property
7. Confidentiality
8. Social Responsibility

27. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
5. Openness
6. Respect for Intellectual Property
7. Confidentiality
8. Social Responsibility
9. Non-discrimination
10.Human subjects protection

28. UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
a) Fabrication - making up data or results and recording or
reporting them.
b) Falsification - manipulating research materials, or changing
or omitting data or results such that the research is not
accurately represented in the research record.
c) Plagiarism - the appropriation of another person's ideas,
processes, results, or words without giving appropriate
credit.

29. PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS

30. PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS
1. First Principle: ANONIMITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
• People should be treated as autonomous.
• People with diminished autonomy should be protected.
2. Second Principle: BENEFICENCE and NONMALIFICENCE
• Do no harm.
• Maximize benefits for participants and minimize risk for
participants.
3. Third Principle: JUSTICE
• Fairness

31. ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Identify the stage/step in the research process of the given
scenario. Choose your answers below. Write your answers on a 1/2 sheet
of paper.
A. Step One: Define the Problem
B. Step Two: Review Literature
C. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
D. Step Four: Design Research
E. Step Five: Collect Data
F. Step Six: Analyze Data
G. Step Seven: Interpret and Report Data

32. ACTIVITY
Scenario 1: Jessie distributed questionnaires to Grade 7 students who
have been bullied and at risk of dropping out.
Scenario 2: Bella shared her research findings to the Supreme
Student Council so that they can help to address the problem.
Scenario 3: Don was a victim of body shaming so he personally chose
body shaming as his research topic.
Scenario 4: Kristine visited the municipal library to look for previous
studies about the research she’s working on.

33. ACTIVITY
Scenario 5: Cris decided to make a case study because he wanted to
know the experiences of typhoon Tisoy survivors and how they recover
from the physical devastation and haunting memories brought about
by the typhoon.
Scenario 6: Val summarizes the data he collected. He interpreted the
data and looked for patterns, relationships and trends among the data.
Scenario 7: Rose has already her research title. She’s now making
prediction of the outcome of her study.

34. ACTIVITY 2: Correct Me If I’m Wrong!
Directions: Determine the appropriate ethical action to address the
unethical practices described below. Write your answers on a one
whole sheet of paper.

35. SITUATION 1 (UNETHICAL PRACTICE):
Joy, a TVL student, is planning to conduct her first research on
misbehavior of fellow students inside the classroom. However, she
has no idea on the ethical guidelines in conducting such research.
ETHICAL ACTION:

36. SITUATION 2 (UNETHICAL PRACTICE):
Jose was always absent and got addicted in mobile legends.
Though he’s an honor student, he ranked last in the honor roll. A
qualitative research about Jose is conducted without informing
him.
ETHICAL ACTION:

37. SITUATION 3 (UNETHICAL PRACTICE):
Afraid not to graduate, Greg claimed the research work of his
classmate. He erased the name of the original researcher and
placed his own.
ETHICAL ACTION:

38. SITUATION 4 (UNETHICAL PRACTICE):
A group of GAS students secretly chose their adviser as the
subject of their research.
ETHICAL ACTION:

39. SITUATION 5 (UNETHICAL PRACTICE):
In order to finish his data gathering for his study, Rommel, the
class valedictorian, forced his friends to answer his questionnaire.
ETHICAL ACTION:

41. 8. Jessie distributed questionnaires to Grade 7 students who have been
bullied and at risk of dropping out.
9. Bella shared her research findings to the Supreme Student Council
so that they can help to address the problem.
10. Don was a victim of body shaming so he personally chose body
shaming as his research topic.
11. Kristine visited the municipal library to look for previous studies
about the research she’s working on.
A. Step One: Define the Problem
B. Step Two: Review Literature
C. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
D. Step Four: Design Research
E. Step Five: Collect Data
F. Step Six: Analyze Data
G. Step Seven: Interpret and Report Data

42. 12. Cris decided to make a case study because he wanted to know the
experiences of typhoon Tisoy survivors and how they recover from the
physical devastation and haunting memories brought about by the
typhoon.
13. Val summarizes the data he collected. He interpreted the data and
looked for patterns, relationships and trends among the data.
14. Rose has already her research title. She’s now making prediction of
the outcome of her study.
A. Step One: Define the Problem
B. Step Two: Review Literature
C. Step Three: Formulate Hypothesis
D. Step Four: Design Research
E. Step Five: Collect Data
F. Step Six: Analyze Data
G. Step Seven: Interpret and Report Data

43. 15. It is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong,
proper or improper, good or bad.
16. Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
17. Manipulating research materials, or changing or omitting data or
results such that the research is not accurately represented in the
research record.
18 – 20. Enumerate the 3 Types of Research Misconducts