This document discusses World War I and the Russian Revolution through five sections: 1) The beginning of WWI due to alliances pulling countries into war after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. 2) How new technologies like tanks, planes, and gas changed warfare, giving some advantages to the Central Powers and others to the Allies. 3) Russia signing a separate peace treaty with Germany due to the Russian Revolution and Communists taking power under Lenin. 4) The terms of peace imposed on the Central Powers, including redrawing borders and establishing the League of Nations. 5) The structure of the League of Nations and how territories in Europe were reorganized after the war.

1. CHAPTER 27 Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3: The Russian Revolution Section 4: The Terms of Peace Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe World War I and the Russian Revolution

2. Big Question #1: How did World War I begin? Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

3. Big Question #1: How did World War I begin? Setting the Stage for War Causes of World War I -page 6 Quest for pride, power and land. Alliances brought many countries together as friend and foes Serbian assassination of A/H Archduke Ferdinand Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

4. Little Question 1.a.: What alliances existed in Europe at the outbreak of World War I? Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

5. Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

6. Chap 27: SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Triple Entente Triple Alliance Opposing Alliances at Outbreak of War Monday – Mar. 27 th France Britain Russia Italy Austria-Hungary Germany 1907 1879 1904 1894 1882 1882

7. Map of the World with the Participants in World War 1. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.

8. Little Question 1.b.: Why did a Serbian assassinate the Archduke of Austria-Hungary? Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

9. Little Question 1.b.: Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th Serbia wanted to create a large “slavic” nation that would include Bosnia and Herzegovina Austria-Hungary annexed B/H into their empire Germany was trying to get the Ottoman Empire to help Germany gain more territory and power Serbia was feeling the pressure of these giant empires all around them and wanted to prove to them that they would not be pushed around The Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife were in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia Shooting the heir to the throne of A/H sent a message of nationalism & independence.

10. Little Question 1.c.: How did the assassination of an Archduke turn into a world war? Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th

11. Little Question 1.c.: Setting the Stage for War Chap 27: SECTION 1 Monday – Mar. 27 th Russia backed Serbia Germany backed A/H and declared war on Russia Germany also declared war on France Britain backed France and declared war on Germany Japan sided with Britain in hopes of gaining German territory in Asia Italy signed a secret treaty with the Entente and joined the war against Germany & A/H Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Germany & A/H

12. SECTION 2 Big Qu e stion #2: What were the advantages of both the Central and Allied Powers? World War I: A New Kind of War

13. SECTION 2 World War I: A New Kind of War  more soldiers Advantages of the Central Powers  territory that extended from the North Sea to the Middle East Advantages of the Allied Powers  Germany’s powerful army  greater industrial capacity  Britain’s navy  rapid communications and movement

14. SECTION 2 Little Qu e stion 2.a.: How did new technology affect the way in which World War I was fought? World War I: A New Kind of War

15. SECTION 2 Military Technology pg 10 World War I: A New Kind of War Technology Its Effect Remedy Machine gun many soldiers deaths better armor & tanks U-boat many boats sunk mines & torpedoes Poison gas many deaths gas masks Balloons reconnaissance anti-aircraft guns, planes Airplane recon & bombing mounted machine guns Tanks protect from machine larger bombs & missiles guns & barbed wire

16. SECTION 2

17. Big Question #3: Why did Russia sign the Peace Treaty with Germany? Russian Revolution Chap 27: SECTION 3 Thursday – Mar. 30 th

18. Big Question #3: Why did Russia sign the Peace Treaty with Germany? Russian Revolution Chap 27: SECTION 3 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Lost half of its army Poor economy Revolution at home

19. Little Question 3.a.: What events led to the Russian Revolution? Russian Revolution Chap 27: SECTION 3 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Poverty Poor performance in war Suppression of democracy Weak Duma

20. Little Question 3.b.: How did the Communists come to power? Russian Revolution Chap 27: SECTION 3 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Lenin and the Bolsheviks Appealed to the poor Russian masses Formed basis of communism

21. Little Question 3.c.: How did the Russian Revolution affect Russia’s participation in WWI? Russian Revolution Chap 27: SECTION 3 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers Communists fought socialist opposition

22. SECTION 4 The Terms of Peace September October November Germans are stopped at the Marne River Bulgaria surrenders Turks ask for peace Austria-Hungary stops fighting, forms separate governments German Kaiser abdicates, German republic is announced Germany signs armistice The End of the War: September-November, 1918

23. Outcomes of WWI Order of those that surrendered 1917 – Russia 1918 – Bulgaria - A/H – becomes 2 separate countries - Ottoman Empire – splits up - Turkey – independent country - Britain takes: Iraq, Palestine and Jordan - France takes: Lebanon and Syria - Germany – lost all colonies around the world The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th

24. The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th

25. SECTION 4

26. Little Question 4.a.: Define the Fourteen points The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th 6 points that ensure a safer war - see page714 8 points that deal specifically with regions or countries -following slide

27. Little Question 4.a.: Define the Fourteen points The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Points 1-6 No secret treaties; freedom of the seas for all nations; removal of all economic barriers, such as tariffs; reduction of national armaments; 5) adjustment of colonies 6) establishment of “League of Nations” to guarantee political independence and protection to small and large states alike.

28. Little Question 4.a.: Define the Fourteen points The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th Points 7-14 VII. Restoration of Belgium VIII. Restoration of all French lands IX. Clearly define the border of Italy X. The development of a democracy in Austria-Hungary XI. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated XII. Turkey should be liberated XIII. A free Polish state XIV. A general association of nations (League of Nations)

29. Little Question 4.b.: How was the Paris Peace Conference received? The Terms of Peace Chap 27: SECTION 4 Thursday – Mar. 30 th U.S. wanted fair rules, & did not want to anger Germany into another conflict European Allies wanted to punish Germany to pay for the damages, and make sure Germany never became strong enough again to start another war. The Central Powers and Russia had little or no say

30. Big Question #5: How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court? Creating a “New” Europe Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st

31. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe World Court Secretariat Council Permanent Members Rotating Members Assembly An independent body that would determine cases of international law League of Nations

32. Little Question 5.a.: What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Creating a “New” Europe Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st Germany: No draft Maximum of 100,000 men No heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines Pay reparations - $33 billion

33. Little Question 5.b.: How were territories divided after the war? Creating a “New” Europe Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st

34. Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st

35. Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st

36. Little Question 5.b.: How were territories re-divided after the war? Creating a “New” Europe Chap 27: SECTION 5 Friday – Mar. 31 st Germany lost land to Poland Austria lost land to Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia was created Yugoslavia was created from Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina Hungary lost land to Romania, Poland Russia

37. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 27 1. What role did propaganda play in World War I? 2. How did World War I affect relations between the world’s great powers? 3. How was industry affected by World War I?