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- 1. Function Analysis SystemTechnique (F.A.S.T.) Diagrams • Charles Bytheway in 1964 • Fast diagrams are function oriented not time based. • Fast diagrams allows people to integrate from different background to discuss and resolve the issue. • Fast diagram is not the end product or result.
- 2. Teaching Week 01: FunctionAnalysis System Technique (F.A.S.T.) Diagrams
- 3. Outline - Definitions - Whatis a F.A.S.T. diagram - Examples - Conclusions / Wrapping up - Appendix: useful verbs/nouns for FAST diagrams - Appendix: Typical examples
- 4. What is a“Function”? Function: a two-word phrase formed of an active verb and a measurable noun Active Verb: Describes the specific action we plan to carry out to achieve our intended purpose Measurable Noun: Defines the object onto which the action operates NOTE: Any Verb and Noun may be combined to describe a Function
- 5. What is the“Function” of this device? • Lift car • Hold car • Lower car • Turn lug nuts • Hold stem “Activities” OR • Raise load • Hold load • Lower load • Apply torque • Distribute load “Functions”
- 6. Use Active VerbsRather Than Passive Verbs To change passive description to active, try using the noun as the verb and then select another noun Passive Active Provide Support Support Weight Seek Approval Approve Procedures Develop Exhibits Exhibit Products Submit Budget Budget Expenses Determine Resolution Resolve Problem Functions are intended to be taken literally . . . as we attempt to BRING CLARITY . . . in describing WHAT a system actually does Examples
- 7. Passive and IndirectVerbs Goal-Like Verbs Provide Give Is Supply Furnish Prepare Review Attend Improve “-ize” words Optimize Least Maximize Prioritize Present Minimize Customize Economize Verbs to Avoid
- 8. What is the“Function” of this device? (Spare Tyre)
- 9. What is the“Function” of this device? (Tote box) (Hint)
- 10. Construct FAST DiagramLeft to Right, and Check it Right to Left ProcessofConstruction: 1. Identify(whatyoufeel is) theBasicFunction. 2.Ask:“HowisthisFunctionactuallyaccomplished?” &placeSecondaryFunctionstotherightofBasicFunction. 3.ChecktheFASTdiagrambystartingattherightandworkingleft Ask: “Whymust thisFunctionbeperformed?” Secondary Function Secondary Function Secondary Function Ask How? AND logic OR logic Ask Why? Secondary Function Secondary Function Basic Function FAST Diagrams: prioritize functions of the product & consider functional needs that should be satisfied
- 11. Construct FAST DiagramLeft to Right, and Check it Right to Left
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- 13. Another Pencil FASTDiagram
- 14. Candle Lighter FASTDiagram
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- 16. Wedding Ceremony FASTDiagram
- 17. Why think interms of Functions? “IF I CAN’T GET THE PRODUCT, I’VE GOT TO GET THE FUNCTION.” Lawrence D. Miles (l904-1985) Clarifies intent/purpose Helps to achieve consensus Broadens individual/group viewpoint(s) Aids decision-making Can help to save money! De-personalizes the conversation Minimizes emotion “In the search for, and selection of, alternatives, attention must be constantly focused on function and not on a material, part, or device as such.” “Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering” Lawrence D. Miles, 1961, McGraw-Hill, NY
- 18. Four Rules ofFunction Definition Once defined, the Basic Function does not change (becomes the principle work a system does) Example: flashlight is expected to emit light Cost contribution of a Basic Function is a minimal percentage of total system cost Can not sell supporting Secondary Functions without performing Basic Function satisfactorily Loss of Basic Function(s) results in total loss of market value Example: Rolex watch that does not display correct time
- 19. A FAST Diagramis NOT a Flowchart Flowchart is a graphical representation of: • Flow of Logic or Control Data through a program, routine, module or process • Documents the order in which tasks are performed FAST Diagram is a "functional structure" representation of a technical system early in the design process • Functions expressed as: Active Verb + Measurable Noun • Follows House of Quality and before Solution Selection • Generic representation independent of any specific implementation
- 20. Wrapping up At theend of this session I should be able to: - Describe what a “Function” is - Use active verbs and measurable nouns to form “Functions” - Differentiate “Functions” from “Activities” - Describe what a F.A.S.T. diagram is - Describe what the purpose of a F.A.S.T. diagram is - Read a F.A.S.T. diagram - Prepare simple F.A.S.T. diagrams for devices / services - Describe the advantages of using “Functions” - Describe the “Four rules” of “Function” definition - Differentiate a F.A.S.T. diagram from a flowchart
- 21. Appendix • Useful Verbsand Nouns • FAST Diagram Examples
- 22. A assure compressdelay enclose accelerate attract conduct delegate encourage accept authorize confirm deliver engender achieve award connect demonstrate enhance acquire B conserve design ensure actuate blend consolidate determine equalize add broaden construct develop establish adjust build consult diagnose estimate administer C contain direct evaluate advise calibrate contaminate discharge exchange aid certify continue dispense excludes alert challenge contract disperse exercise align change control display exhaust allocate channel convert disseminate expand allot charge convince dissipate expedite allow circulate cool distribute explore alter clarify coordinate document extend analyze classify correct E F apply clean cost edit fabricate approve close cover educate facilitate arouse collect create effect fail assemble comfort D eject farm assess communicate decorate eliminate fill assign compare decrease employ find assist complete define empty flow Function Verbs
- 23. Function Verbs forecast initiate monitorrequest form install motivate resist foster integrate mount prescribe resolve fulfill interpret move prevent restore investigate multiply prime retain G involve N process reuse gage isolate negotiate procure reward gather J nurture produce rotate generate join O project S get L observe promote satisfy group latch obtain protect save guide lease occupy R schedule H limit offer raise scrap highlight load open receive seal hold locate operate recognize secure I M order recommend seek identify maintain organize reconcile select illustrate make P redirect sell implement manage package educe sense Increase mandate partition reflect separate indicate manufacture perform regulate serve indoctrinate market permit release service influence match plan remove set inform moderate position repair settle modify pour replace share
- 24. Function Verbs forecast initiate monitorrequest show transfer form install motivate resist signal transmit foster integrate mount prescribe resolve socialize transport fulfill interpret move prevent restore solicit U investigate multiply prime retain solve understand G involve N process reuse space update gage isolate negotiate procure reward specify use gather J nurture produce rotate speed utilize generate join O project S spray V get L observe promote satisfy staff validate group latch obtain protect save stimulate vary guide lease occupy R schedule store verify H limit offer raise scrap stow visit highlight load open receive seal study W hold locate operate recognize secure summarize welcome I M order recommend seek support worship identify maintain organize reconcile select illustrate make P redirect sell T implement manage package educe sense teach Increase mandate partition reflect separate terminate indicate manufacture perform regulate serve test indoctrinate market permit release service track influence match plan remove set train inform moderate position repair settle transcribe modify pour replace share
- 25. Function Nouns A attire competencecreativity duplication acceptability attitudes compliance criteria E access authority component current efficiency accountability awareness concept customer effort accuracy C concern D electrons achievement campaign concurrence damage elements action capabilities condition data emissions activates casting confession dealer emotions adjustment catalog confidence decision empathy administration change conflict deflection energy affection checklist conformance demand enthusiasm agencies children construction design entry agreement circuit contact details environment air claim contamination development equipment alignment classes contents deviancy errors alternatives clearance contingencies deviation event appearance client contractor differences expectations approach climate contracts differential expenditures area comfort contrast dimension experience arrival commitment convenience direction F assembly committees cope dirt facility assets community core distorts failure associates companionship corrosion distribution feasibility assumptions comparison cost downtime feedback attention compartment council drag fellowship
- 26. Function Nouns financing healing Lmethod others flask health labor mixture owners flexibility heat lagoon model P float heater land moisture pace flow history launch mold package fluid hope law motion participation force I layout motor parts forecast idea level movement passage freedom identification liability passenger friction illumination liaison N path friendship image life need patient fumes impact light noise pattern funds impression line notion payment G impurities liturgy O people gas incentive load objectives performance goals income location obligation personnel God information luster offer piece good injury M opening plan goods interest management operation policies growth interface manpower operator pool guidance inventory market opinion potential guidelines Investment material opportunity power H iron maturation option prerogative habits J measurement order pressure haven justice merchandise organization price
- 27. Function Nouns financing healing L method others flaskhealth labor mixture owners flexibility heat lagoon model P float heater land moisture pace flow history launch mold package fluid hope law motion participation force I layout motor parts forecast idea level movement passage freedom identification liability passenger friction illumination liaison N path friendship image life need patient fumes impact light noise pattern funds impr ssion line notion payment G impurities liturgy O people gas incentive load objectives performance goals inco e location obligation personnel God infor ation luster offer piece good injury M opening plan goods interest management operation policies growth interface manpower operator pool guidance inventory market opinion potential guidelines Investment material opportunity power H iron maturation option prerogative habits J measurem nt order pressure haven justi e merchandise organization price School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Automotive Engineering principles records shaker systems vehicle priorities relations shock T vendor privacy relationship signal team vibration problem repair skill teamwork views procedure report solace temperature visibility process requests solids tenant volume product requirements sounds terms volunteers production resources sources test W profit respect space thought warranty program responsibility specialists time waste progress restrictions specifications timing water projection results stability torque wear property e rigidity staff tour weight proposal risk standards tradition work prospect rotation stewardship traffic workload public m rules strangers travel writers Q. mrunout stress treatment quality S structure trust R. safely students U rating sales success understanding reach sand suggestions unique recipe satisfaction suppliers user recognition scriptures supply utilities records series e surface V recommendation c service surplus vacuum
- 28. More Useful Verbsin Describing Functions Add Display Maintain Sense Analyze Distribute Measure Separate Arrange Eliminate Obtain Start Attach Evaluate Position Store Create Expand Prevent Support Collect Extend Protect Test Combine Freeze Recommend Transmit Confirm Harden Record Transport Contain Heat Reduce Use Conduct Implement Remove Verify Control Increase Resist Convert Insulate Retain Cool Invert Reverse Destroy Isolate Rotate Develop Locate Select
- 29. More Useful Nounsin Describing Functions Air Fluid Noise Time Area Force Opening Torque Assembly Frequency Pressure Vehicle Atmosphere Friction Protection Vibration Cold Gas Resistance Volume Color Heat Resistance Voltage Comfort Humidity Rotation Waste Communication Indication Shape Water Component Information Size Wear Current Length Solid Weight Distance Material Sound Enclosure Mixture Space Energy Mobility Stress Environment Moisture Temperature Expansion Motion Texture
- 30. Example: International IcePatrol Send Iceberg Warnings Transmit Radio Messages Compile Messages Locate Icebergs Predict Iceberg Position Purchase Sensors Hire Operators Move Operators Move Sensors Receive Ship Data Collect Data Predict Ice Drift Operate Radio Establish Station Ask How? Ask Why? • Formed in 1913 (result of Titanic sinking - 12Apr1012) • Iceberg condition data collected by • Fixed wing aircraft • Buoys •Report warnings at 9pm each day in “plain, concise English” during ice season from February thru July.
- 31. Ask Why ? Locate Sheet PierceSheet Adjust Holes Collect Waste Attract User Prohibit Rust Protect Work Surface Drop Holes Collect Holes Locate PunchAssembly Retract Punch Guide Punch Drive Punch Support Sheet Paper Punch Example: Produce Holes Basic Function Ask How ? Scope Organize Paper Task Decorate Surface
- 32. Mapping of VoiceOf Customer to Functions Example: Paper Punch Locate Sheet • Easy to insert • Stays in place Pierce Sheet • Easy to press • Won’t hurt hand • Pierce multiple sheets • Non-jamming Adjust Hole (location) • Easy access to assembly • Easy to position • Finger tight • Stays in place Collect Waste • Holds large quantity of holes • Holes won’t fall out • Easy to clean Produce Holes
- 33. Ask How ? Example:Flashlight Ask Why ? Convert Electricity toLight Open/close circuit StoreElectrical Energy HoldBulb CollectLight HouseParts FitGrip AdsorbForce FormCircuit Reflect Light ProtectBulb SendCurrent Generate Light Illuminate Surroundings HoldBody Retain Appearance Basic Function
- 34. Detect Ice Level Output Height Task Basic Function Display LED Decode Image Sense Environment Have Information Have Power Source Decode Information Transfer Image Have Algorithm Capture Picture EmitLight Have Power Source Time Image Capture Have Ice Bin Prepare Camera Have algorithm Close Freezer Door Stop Ice Maker Case Refrigerator Ice Level Detection
- 35. DigitalAnswering Machine FAST Diagram DetectRings Connect Line Answer Phone Detect Dial-tone Disconnect Line Receive Messages Store Messages Record Audio Digitize Signal Basic Function Secondary Functions Store Date/time Volume Control Amplify Audio Playback Messages Convert Message Retrieve Message Display Date/time Retrieve Date/time Case DigitalAnswering Machine
- 36. Case Design a tugboat simulator